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Beaufort scale
Beaufort scalen. A scale of wind force ranging from 0 (calm) to 12 (hurricane), corresponding with the velocity of wind at a set distance above ground or sea level.
[After Sir Francis Beaufort (1774-1857), British naval officer.]Beaufort scale n (Physical Geography) meteorol an international scale of wind velocities ranging for practical purposes from 0 (calm) to 12 (hurricane force). In the US an extension of the scale, from 13 to 17 for winds over 64 knots, is used [C19: after Sir Francis Beaufort (1774–1857), British admiral and hydrographer who devised it]Beau′fort scale′ (ˈboʊ fərt)
n. a scale for indicating the force or speed of wind, using numbers from 0 to 12 or sometimes 17. [1855–60; after Sir Francis Beaufort (1774–1857)] Beau·fort scale (bō′fərt) A scale for classifying the force of the wind, ranging from 0 (calm) to 12 (hurricane). The scale was devised in 1805 as a means of describing the effect of different wind velocities on ships at sea.Beaufort scale(wind scale) A scale that rates the force of wind from 0 to 12, a rating of 0 being absolute calm and one of 12 being hurricane force.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | Beaufort scale - an international scale of wind force from 0 (calm air) to 12 (hurricane)wind scalecalm air, calm - wind moving at less than 1 knot; 0 on the Beaufort scalelight air - wind moving 1-3 knots; 1 on the Beaufort scalelight breeze - wind moving 4-7 knots; 2 on the Beaufort scalegentle breeze - wind moving 8-12 knots; 3 on the Beaufort scalemoderate breeze - wind moving 13-18 knots; 4 on the Beaufort scalefresh breeze - wind moving 19-24 knots; 5 on the Beaufort scalestrong breeze - wind moving 25-31 knots; 6 on the Beaufort scalemoderate gale, near gale - wind moving 32-38 knots; 7 on the Beaufort scalefresh gale - wind moving 39-46 knots; 8 on the Beaufort scalestrong gale - wind moving 47-54 knots; 9 on the Beaufort scalewhole gale - wind moving 55-63 knots; 10 on the Beaufort scalestorm, violent storm - a violent weather condition with winds 64-72 knots (11 on the Beaufort scale) and precipitation and thunder and lightninghurricane - a severe tropical cyclone usually with heavy rains and winds moving a 73-136 knots (12 on the Beaufort scale)graduated table, ordered series, scale, scale of measurement - an ordered reference standard; "judging on a scale of 1 to 10" | | 2. |  Beaufort scale - a scale from 0 to 12 for the force of the windsystem of measurement, metric - a system of related measures that facilitates the quantification of some particular characteristic |
TranslationsBeaufort scale
Beaufort scale, a scale of windwind,
flow of air relative to the earth's surface. A wind is named according to the point of the compass from which it blows, e.g., a wind blowing from the north is a north wind.
..... Click the link for more information. velocity devised (c.1805) by Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort of the British navy. An adaptation of Beaufort's scale is used by the U.S. National Weather Service; it employs a scale from 0 to 12, representing calm, light air, light breeze, gentle breeze, moderate breeze, fresh breeze, strong breeze, moderate gale, fresh gale, strong gale, whole gale, storm, hurricane. Zero (calm) is a wind velocity of less than 1 mi (1.6 km) per hr, and 12 (hurricane) represents a velocity of more than 74 mi (119 km) per hr.
Beaufort's original scale was later correlated to wind speed in two different ways. The U.S. and British scale is for winds measured at a 36-ft elevation, while the international scale requires only a 20-ft elevation. The Beaufort scale is the oldest method of judging wind force. Separate scales for tornadoes and hurricanes did not come until the 1970s. The Fujita scaleFujita scale
or F-Scale,
scale for rating the severity of tornadoes as a measure of the damage they cause, devised in 1951 by the Japanese-American meteorologist Tetsuya (Ted) Fujita (1920–98).
..... Click the link for more information. for tornadoes was proposed in 1971 by Tetsuya (Ted) Fujita; in 2007 the Enhanced Fujita scale, incorporating improved knowledge of wind destruction, as was adopted. Soon after the development of the Fujita scale the Saffir-Simpson scaleSaffir-Simpson scale
, standard scale for rating the severity of hurricanes as a measure of the damage they cause; it is based on observations of numerous North Atlantic Basin hurricanes.
..... Click the link for more information. for hurricanes was formulated by Herbert Saffir and Robert Simpson. Bibliography See A. Shaw, Beaufort Wind Scale (1995). Beaufort Scale a conventional scale for the visual estimation of the force (speed) of the wind, expressed in numbers, by its action on surface objects or wave agitation on the surface of the sea. It was devised by the English admiral F. Beaufort in 1806; at first it was used only by Beaufort himself. In 1874 it was accepted by the Permanent Committee of the First Meteorological Congress for general international | Table 1. Wind force at the earth’s surface according to the Beaufort scale (at a standard altitude of 10 m above an open, even surface) |
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| Beaufort no. | Descriptive term tor wind torce | Wind speed (m/sec) | Action of wind |
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| on land | on the surface of the sea |
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| 0 | Calm | 0–0.2 | Calm. Smoke rises vertically. | Smooth, calm. | | 1 | Quiet | 0.3–1.5 | Direction of wind shown by smoke drift but not by wind vanes. | Ripples, no spray on the crests. | | 2 | Light breeze | 1.6–3.3 | Wind felt on face, leaves rustle, wind vane moved by wind. | Short waves. The crests do not break and are glassy. | | 3 | Gentle breeze | 3.4–5.4 | Leaves and small twigs in constant motion, wind extends light flag. | Short, well defined waves. Crests break, form glassy spray; occasionally whitecaps form. | | 4 | Moderate breeze | 5.5–7.9 | Wind raises dust and paper, moves small b-anches. | Long waves, whitecaps are frequent. | | 5 | Fresh breeze | 8.0–10.7 | Small trees sway, small waves crest on water. | Long, but not very large waves, whitecaps are everywhere (spray sometimes forms). | | 6 | Strong breeze | 10.8–13.8 | Large branches in constant motion, wires on telephone poles hurr. | Large waves form. Large number of foamy crests (spray is likely). | | 7 | Moderate gale | 13.9–17.1 | Large trees sway, walking against wind difficult. | Waves become large, crests break, foam forms in band on the windward side. | | 8 | Fresh gale | 17.2–20.7 | Twigs break off trees, walking against the wind very difficult. | Moderately high, long waves. Spray is blown from the crests. Bands of foam lie in strips in the direction of the wind. | | 9 | Strong gale | 20.8–24.4 | Minor damage; the wind blows off chimneys and tile. | High waves. Foam lies on the windward side in wide, solid bands. Wave crests begin to break and form spray which decreases visibility. | | 10 | Whole gale | 24.5–28.4 | Considerable damage to buildings, trees are uprooted. Rare on dry land. | Very high waves with long crests which are bent down. Foam is blown by the wind in large clumps of thick, white stripes. The surface of the sea is white with foam. The noise of the waves sounds like blows. Visibility is poor. | | 11 | Storm | 28.5–32.6 | Widespread damage. Seldom observed on dry land. | Extremely high waves. Small and medium size vessels disappear from view from time to time. The sea is covered by long, white flecks of foam, collecting on the windward side. The edges of waves are covered with foam. Visibility is poor. | | 12 | Hurricane | 32.7 and higher | Widespread damage. Seldom observed on dry land. | The air is filled with foam and spray. The sea is covered with bands of foam. Very poor visibility. |
synoptic usage. In subsequent years the Beaufort scale was changed and improved. In 1963, the International Meteorological Organization accepted the Beaufort scale given in Table 1 for general practice. The Beaufort scale is widely used in navigation. K. P. VASIL’EV Beaufort scaleA set of descriptive terms of wind strength, evolved according to the effect of wind upon sailing craft and sea disturbance. Captain Beaufort devised the scale in 1806. The scale is depicted in the illustration. (See page 102)Beaufort scale Meteorol an international scale of wind velocities ranging for practical purposes from 0 (calm) to 12 (hurricane force). In the US an extension of the scale, from 13 to 17 for winds over 64 knots, is used MedicalSeeBFTBeaufort scale
Synonyms for Beaufort scalenoun an international scale of wind force from 0 (calm air) to 12 (hurricane)SynonymsRelated Words- calm air
- calm
- light air
- light breeze
- gentle breeze
- moderate breeze
- fresh breeze
- strong breeze
- moderate gale
- near gale
- fresh gale
- strong gale
- whole gale
- storm
- violent storm
- hurricane
- graduated table
- ordered series
- scale
- scale of measurement
noun a scale from 0 to 12 for the force of the windRelated Words- system of measurement
- metric
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