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dualism
du·al·ism D0408400 (do͞o′ə-lĭz′əm, dyo͞o′-)n.1. The condition of being double; duality.2. Philosophy The view that the world consists of or is explicable as two fundamental entities, such as mind and matter.3. Psychology The view that mental and physical properties are fundamentally different and that neither can be explained fully in terms of the other.4. Theology a. The concept that the world is ruled by the antagonistic forces of good and evil.b. The concept that humans have two basic natures, the physical and the spiritual.
du′al·ist n.du′al·is′tic adj.du′al·is′ti·cal·ly adv.dualism (ˈdjuːəˌlɪzəm) n1. the state of being twofold or double2. (Philosophy) philosophy the doctrine, as opposed to idealism and materialism, that reality consists of two basic types of substance usually taken to be mind and matter or two basic types of entity, mental and physical. Compare monism3. (Theology) a. the theory that the universe has been ruled from its origins by two conflicting powers, one good and one evil, both existing as equally ultimate first causesb. the theory that there are two personalities, one human and one divine, in Christ ˈdualist n ˌdualˈistic adj ˌdualˈistically advdu•al•ism (ˈdu əˌlɪz əm, ˈdyu-)
n. 1. the state of being dual or consisting of two parts; division into two. 2. a. (in metaphysics) any of various theories holding that reality is composed of two mutually irreducible substances. Compare monism (def. 1a), pluralism (def. 1a). b. (in epistemology) the view that substances are either material or mental. 3. a. the theological doctrine that there are two eternal principles, one good and one evil. b. the belief that humans embody two parts, as body and soul. [1785–95] du′al•ist, n., adj. dualism1. any theory in any field of philosophical investigation that reduces the variety of its subject matter to two irreducible principles, as good/evil or natural/supernatural.
2. Metaphysics. any system that reduces the whole universe to two principles, as the Platonic Ideas and Matter. Cf. monism, pluralism. — dualist, n. — dualistic, adj.See also: Philosophy
Theology. 1. the doctrine of two independent divine beings or eternal principles, one good and the other evil.
2. the belief that man embodies two parts, as body or soul. — dualist, n. — dualistic, adj.See also: ReligiondualismAny theory which distinguishes between two fundamentally different things, such as good and evil, mind and matter, etc.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | dualism - the doctrine that reality consists of two basic opposing elements, often taken to be mind and matter (or mind and body), or good and evildoctrine, ism, philosophical system, philosophy, school of thought - a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school |
Translationsdualism
dualism, any philosophical system that seeks to explain all phenomena in terms of two distinct and irreducible principles. It is opposed to monism and pluralism. In PlatoPlato
, 427?–347 B.C., Greek philosopher. Plato's teachings have been among the most influential in the history of Western civilization. Life
After pursuing the liberal studies of his day, he became in 407 B.C. a pupil and friend of Socrates. From about 388 B.
..... Click the link for more information. 's philosophy there is an ultimate dualism of being and becoming, of ideas and matter. AristotleAristotle
, 384–322 B.C., Greek philosopher, b. Stagira. He is sometimes called the Stagirite. Life
Aristotle's father, Nicomachus, was a noted physician. Aristotle studied (367–347 B.C.
..... Click the link for more information. criticized Plato's doctrine of the transcendence of ideas, but he was unable to escape the dualism of form and matter, and in modern metaphysicsmetaphysics
, branch of philosophy concerned with the ultimate nature of existence. It perpetuates the Metaphysics of Aristotle, a collection of treatises placed after the Physics [Gr.
..... Click the link for more information. this dualism has been a persistent concept. In modern philosophy dualism takes many forms. Thus in Immanuel KantKant, Immanuel
, 1724–1804, German metaphysician, one of the greatest figures in philosophy, b. Königsberg (now Kaliningrad, Russia). Early Life and Works
..... Click the link for more information. there is an ontological dualism between the phenomenal and noumenal worlds and an epistemological dualism between the passivity of sensation and the spontaneity of the understanding. In psychology occasionalism and interactionism both assumed a dualism of mind and matter. The term also has a theological application, e.g., ManichaeismManichaeism
or Manichaeanism
, religion founded by Mani (c.216–c.276). Mani's Life
Mani (called Manes by the Greeks and Romans) was born near Baghdad, probably of Persian parents; his father may have been a member of the Mandaeans.
..... Click the link for more information. explained evil in the world as resulting from an ultimate evil principle, coeternal with good. See also monismmonism
[Gr.,=belief in one], in metaphysics, term introduced in the 18th cent. by Christian von Wolff for any theory that explains all phenomena by one unifying principle or as manifestations of a single substance.
..... Click the link for more information. and pluralismpluralism,
in philosophy, theory that considers the universe explicable in terms of many principles or composed of many ultimate substances. It describes no particular system and may be embodied in such opposed philosophical concepts as materialism and idealism. Empedocles, G. W.
..... Click the link for more information. .dualism any doctrine in which the fundamental forms of things, 'S ubstances’, reality, etc, are seen as of two contrasting types, without any possibility of one being reduced to the other, for example: - (PHILOSOPHY) a distinction between ‘material’ things and ‘mental’ ideas;
- (SOCIOLOGY) distinctions between nature and nurture (see NATURE–NURTURE DEBATE), or between individual agency and the structural determination of social outcomes.
In philosophy, the alternative to dualism is monism, which asserts that ‘things’, substances, etc, are all of one basic kind, either ‘material’ in form (see MATERIALISM) or ‘mental’. A further position, REALISM, argues that there is only one reality, even if this reality is 'S tratified’, i.e. contains fundamental differences of type, even if stopping short of dualism. In current philosophy and sociology rather than an outright ‘dualism’, a frequent position is to recognize the utility of thinking in terms of a duality of forms -mind and matter, or structure and agency – in which there exists a dialectical interaction between the two kinds of‘thing’, but with no justification for sustaining a claim that there exist any ultimately irreducible kinds, e.g. see DUALITY OF STRUCTURE. See also DESCARTES, STRUCTURE AND AGENCY. Dualism a philosophical doctrine that proceeds from the recognition of the two fundamental principles—spirit and matter, the ideal and the material—as equal and not reducible to each other. Dualism is opposed to monism (materialistic or idealistic), which proceeds from the recognition of only one principle as fundamental, and can be regarded as a variant of pluralism, which asserts a multiplicity of principles of being. The term “dualism” was introduced by the German philosopher C. Wolff and designated the recognition of two substances: the material and the spiritual. One of the most important spokesmen for the dualistic position was R. Descartes, who divided being into a thinking substance (the spirit) and an extended substance (matter). Descartes resolved the problem of the interrelation of these two substances within man (the psychophysical problem) from the position of psychophysical parallelism, according to which psychological and physiological processes do not depend on each other. Characteristic of modern philosophy are the forms of epistemological dualism that, as distinct from ontological dualism, proceed not from the contraposition of substances but from the opposition of a knowing subject to a known object. Thus, for J. Locke and D. Hume consciousness appears as a totality of isolated perceptions, feelings, and ideas, which do not have a unifying substantial basis. Another variant of epistemological dualism was presented by E. Kant, who regarded consciousness as an activity that orders the data of experience according to its own laws, which are independent of the external world according to a priori forms of sensory apprehension and reason. Epistemological dualism is invariably connected with agnosticism—the conviction that the world cannot be known by the consciousness. The concept of dualism is also applied to conceptions and doctrines that assert the equality of any opposed fundamental principles or spheres: thus, one speaks of the dualism of good and evil in Manichaeism and of the dualism, characteristic of the Kantian tradition, of the world of nature, that is, the world of phenomena, which is structured according to the principle of causality (necessity), as opposed to the world of freedom, that is, of “things in themselves.” Dialectical materialism is opposed to all forms of dualism; it asserts materialistic monism, which proceeds from the conviction that all phenomena in the world are different forms and manifestations of moving matter. D. M. LUKANOV dualism
du·al·ism (dū'ăl-izm), 1. In chemistry, a theory advanced by Berzelius that every compound, no matter how many elements enter into it, is composed of two parts, one electrically negative, the other positive; still applicable, with modification, to polar compounds, but inapplicable to nonpolar compounds. 2. In hematology, the concept that blood cells have two origins, that is, lymphogenous and myelogenous. 3. The theory that the mind and body are two distinct systems, independent and different in nature. [L. dualis, relating to two, fr. duo, two] dualism (do͞o′ə-lĭz′əm, dyo͞o′-)n.1. The condition of being double; duality.2. Psychology The view that mental and physical properties are fundamentally different and that neither can be explained fully in terms of the other.
du′al·ist n.du′al·is′tic adj.du′al·is′ti·cal·ly adv.du·al·ism (dū'ăl-izm) 1. chemistry theory that every compound, no matter how many elements enter into it, is composed of two parts, one electrically negative, the other positive; applicable to polar compounds but not to nonpolar compounds. 2. hematology the concept that blood cells have two origins, i.e., lymphogenous and myelogenous. 3. The theory that the mind and body are two distinct systems, independent and different in nature. [L. dualis, relating to two, fr. duo, two]dualism (doo'a-lizm, du'a) [L. dualis, containing two + -ism] 1. The condition of being double or twofold.2. The theory that human beings consist of two entities, mind and matter, that are independent of each other. Synonym: mind-body duality3. The theory that various blood cells arise from two types of stem cells: myeloblasts, giving rise to the myeloid elements, and lymphoblasts, giving rise to the lymphoid elements.dualism
Words related to dualismnoun the doctrine that reality consists of two basic opposing elements, often taken to be mind and matter (or mind and body), or good and evilRelated Words- doctrine
- ism
- philosophical system
- philosophy
- school of thought
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