| 释义 |
DictionarySeecenterEncyclopediaSeePaul BrocaBroca center
Bro·ca cen·ter (brō-kah'), the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus of the left or dominant hemisphere, corresponding approximately to Brodmann area 44; Broca identified this region as an essential component of the motor mechanisms governing articulated speech. Synonym(s): Broca area, Broca field, motor speech centerBro·ca cen·ter (brō'kă sen'tĕr) The posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus of the leftor dominant hemisphere, corresponding approximately to Brodmann area 44; Broca identified this region as an essential component of the motor mechanisms governing articulate speech.
Synonym(s): motor speech center. Broca, Pierre-Paul (bro-ka', bro'ka) Fr. surgeon and anthropologist, 1824–1880. Broca aphasiaMotor aphasia.Broca areaThe area of the left hemisphere of the brain at the posterior end of the inferior frontal gyrus. It contains the motor speech area and controls movements of tongue, lips, and vocal cords. Loss of speech may follow any stroke affecting this area. Synonym: Broca center; Broca convolution; motor speech area; speech center See: motor aphasiaBroca centerBroca area.Broca circulationBroca area.Broca convolutionBroca area.Broca fissureThe fissure encircling the third left frontal convolution of the brain.Broca gyrusThe posterior two thirds of the inferior frontal gyrus, a gyrus of the frontal lobe just above the beginning of the Sylvian fissure.Broca pointAuricular point.Broca pouchA sac in the tissues of the labia majora. diagonal band of BrocaDiagonal band.
center (sent'er) [L. centrum, center fr Gr. kentron, point, needle, pivot] 1. The middle point of a body. 2. A group of nerve cells within the central nervous system that controls a specific activity or function. acoustic centerThe hearing center in the brain, located in the temporal lobe of the cerebrum.adult day care centerA center for daytime supervision of adults. These centers provide supervised social, recreational, and health-related activities, usually in a group setting. The centers permit caregivers a respite and free them for other activities (work, play, appointments, socialization) during the day. ambulatory surgery centerAn outpatient surgical center for cardioversions, endoscopies, and other relatively minor operations that do not require prolonged confinement in a hospital.apneustic centerA cluster of brainstem neurons, located in the lower pons, that regulate breathing by prolonging inhalation. association centerThe center controlling associated movements. auditory centerThe center for hearing in the anterior gyri of the transverse temporal gyri. See: auditory areaautonomic centerThe center in the brain or spinal cord that regulates any of the activities under the control of the autonomic nervous system. Most centers are located in the hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, and spinal cord. birth centerAn alternative nonhospital facility that provides family-oriented maternity care for women judged to be at low risk of experiencing obstetrical complications.Broca center See: Broca, Pierre-Paulcall centerA communications center that manages incoming and outgoing telephone calls with customers and clients. In health care, the center may help to manage appointments and messages or may provide patients with information about illnesses, health care resources, services provided, or self-management of disease. cardioaccelerator centerThe center in the medulla oblongata that gives rise to impulses that speed up the heart rate. Impulses reach the heart by way of sympathetic fibers. cardioinhibitory centerThe center in the medulla oblongata that gives rise to impulses that decrease the heart rate. Impulses reach the heart by way of the vagus (parasympathetic) nerves. chondrification centerThe center of cartilage formation. ciliospinal centerThe center in the spinal cord that transmits sympathetic impulses that dilate the pupils of the eyes.day care centerA place for the care of preschool children when their parents are for any reason unable to care for them. Initially, such facilities were open during normal working hours, but many now offer early drop-off and late pickup. defecation centerEither of two centers, a medullary center located in the medulla oblongata and a spinal center located in the second to fourth sacral segments of the spinal cord. The anospinal center controls the reflex aspects of defecation. deglutition centerA group of structures in the brain that controls swallowing. These structures are located in the medulla oblongata and in the inferior pons. diabetic center1. An area in the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain.2. A health care facility that provides specialized care to patients with diabetes mellitus. epiotic centerThe ossification center of the temporal bone, forming the upper and posterior part of the auditory capsule. expiratory centerThe part of the respiratory center, located dorsal to the inspiratory center, that promotes a forced exhalation. feeding centerAn area in the ventrolateral nucleus of the hypothalamus that originates signals to the cerebral cortex that stimulate eating. See: satiety center; set point weightgerminal centerA collection of B cells undergoing proliferation within the follicle of a lymph node or other lymphoid tissue after antigen stimulation.gustatory centerThe center, primarily in the parietal lobes, that feels and interprets taste. Synonym: taste center; taste areaheat-regulating centerEither of two centers, a heat loss and a heat production center, located in the hypothalamus. They regulate body temperature. higher centerA center in any portion of the brain, in contrast to one in the spinal cord.independent living centerA community facility that coordinates services for the disabled, including counseling, training, rehabilitation, assistance with devices, and respite care.inspiratory centerThe respiratory center, located in the rostral half of the reticular formation overlying the olivary nuclei, that generates impulses that cause contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles.lower centerA center in the brainstem or spinal cord.  MICTURITION CENTERmicturition centerA center that controls the reflexes of the urinary bladder. These are located in the second to fourth and fourth to sixth sacral segments of the cord. Higher centers are present in the medulla oblongata, hypothalamus, and cerebrum. See: illustrationmotor cortical centerAn area in the frontal lobe in which impulses for voluntary movements originate.nerve centerAn area in the central nervous system or in a ganglion that is responsible for certain functions; examples include the motor areas in the frontal lobes of the cerebrum.organization center1. An embryonic group of cells that induces the development of another structure.2. A region in an ovum that is responsible for the mode of development of the fertilized ovum. ossification centerThe site or sites in bones where calcification begins and bone replaces fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. The region of bone formation at the center of the body of a long bone is called the primary (diaphyseal) ossification center. Most secondary ossification centers are found in the epiphyses. panoramic rotational centerThe axis on which the tube head and cassette of a panoramic x-ray machine rotate.pneumotaxic centerThe center in the pons that rhythmically inhibits inspiration.poison control center, poison centerA facility meeting the staffing and equipment standards of the American Association of Poison Control Centers and recognized to be able to give information about poisoning or treatment to patients suffering from poisoning. A poison information center consists of specially trained staff and a reference library but does not have treatment facilities. More than 400 poison centers are scattered throughout the U.S., offering 24-hr service. They are commonly associated with or are part of large hospitals or medical schools. A government agency (the Bureau of Drugs Division of the Poison Control Branch of the Food and Drug Administration, U.S, Department of Health and Human Services) is also active in poison control programs and in coordinating the efforts of individual centers. In the U.S., all poison control centers can be reached by calling 1-800-222-1222. psychocortical centerAny of the centers of the cerebral cortex concerned with voluntary muscular contractions.reflex centerA region within the brain or spinal cord where connections (synapses) are made between afferent and efferent neurons of a reflex arc.respiratory centerA region in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem that regulates movements of respiration. This area consists of an inspiratory center and an expiratory center. The pons contains the apneustic center and the pneumotaxic center. satiety centerAn area in the ventromedial hypothalamus that modulates the stimulus to eat by sending inhibitory impulses, following a meal, to the feeding center. Blood levels of nutrients and gastrointestinal hormones influence its activity. senior centerA community building or meeting room where older adults gather for education, recreation, and services and activities that reflect their interests, enhance their dignity, support their independence, and encourage their involvement with the community. There are approx. 15,000 centers across the U.S., serving close to 10 million older adults annually. Most are supported by government and local nonprofit organizations. Since 1965, the Older Americans Act has provided some funding support to over 6000 senior centers through service contracts for program activities. speech centerBroca area.stroke centerA tertiary care hospital that specializes in the care of patients with acute neurological dysfunction, esp. the administration of thrombolytic drugs to appropriately selected patients with acute ischemic stroke; the management of patient blood pressure, glucose levels, and electrolytes; early mobilization of patients; and the prevention of complications of stroke, including deep venous thrombosis, depression, malnutrition, and pressure ulcers.suicide prevention centerA health care facility for preventing suicide by counseling and crisis intervention.sweat centerAny of the principal centers controlling perspiration located in the hypothalamus; secondary centers are present in the spinal cord.taste centerGustatory center.temperature centerThermoregulatory center.thermoregulatory centerA center in the hypothalamus that regulates heat production and heat loss, esp. the latter, so that a normal body temperature is maintained. It is influenced by nerve impulses from cutaneous receptors and by the temperature of the blood flowing through it. Synonym: temperature centertrauma centerA regional hospital capable of providing care for critically injured patients. A surgical team, operating suite, surgical subspecialties, intensive care unit, and specialized nursing team are always available. vasoconstrictor centerThe center in the medulla oblongata that brings about the constriction of blood vessels.vasodilator centerThe center in the medulla oblongata that brings about the dilation of blood vessels.vasomotor centerThe center that controls the diameter of blood vessels; the vasoconstrictor and vasodilator centers. visual centerA center in the occipital lobes of the cerebrum that receives visual information transmitted from the retina. vital centerAny of the centers in the medulla concerned with respiration, heart rate, or blood pressure.Broca, Paul, French surgeon, neurologist, and anthropologist, 1824-1880. Broca angle - the angle formed at the basion of lines drawn from the nasion and the alveolar point; the angle formed by the intersection at the biauricular axis of lines drawn from the supraorbital point and the alveolar point; the posterior superior angle of the parietal bone. Synonym(s): Broca basilar angle; Broca facial angle; occipital angle of parietal boneBroca aphasia - any of the varieties of aphasia in which the power of expression by writing, speaking, or signs is lost. Synonym(s): motor aphasiaBroca area - Synonym(s): Broca centerBroca basilar angle - Synonym(s): Broca angleBroca center - the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus of the left or dominant hemisphere, essential component of the motor mechanisms governing articulated speech. Synonym(s): Broca area; Broca field; Brodmann area 44; motor speech centerBroca diagonal band - a white fiber bundle descending in the precommissural septum toward the base of the forebrain.Broca facial angle - Synonym(s): Broca angleBroca field - Synonym(s): Broca centerBroca fissure - the fissure surrounding Broca convolution.Broca formula - a fully developed man should weigh as many kilograms as he is centimeters in height over and above 1 meter.Broca parolfactory area - a small region of cerebral cortex on the medical surface of the frontal lobe demarcated from the subcallosal gyrus by the posterior parolfactory sulcus. Synonym(s): parolfactory areaBroca pouch - a pear-shaped encapsulated collection of connective tissue and fat in each labium majus. Synonym(s): pudendal sacBroca visual plane - a plane drawn through the visual axes of each eye. |