diffuse alveolar damage


a·dult res·pi·ra·to·ry dis·tress syn·drome (ARDS),

acute lung injury from a variety of causes, characterized by interstitial or alveolar edema and hemorrhage as well as perivascular pulmonary edema associated with hyaline membrane formation, proliferation of collagen fibers, and swollen epithelium with increased pinocytosis. Synonym(s): acute respiratory distress syndrome, diffuse alveolar damage, wet lung (2) , white lung

diffuse alveolar damage

A term of art referring to the histologic findings in adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is characterised by an acute onset of diffuse pulmonary infiltrates.
Aetiology
AIDS, air embolism, fat embolism, aspiration of gastric content, cardiopulmonary bypass, connective tissue disease (lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, dermatomyositis), DIC, drugs (either therapeutic—e.g., bleomycin, busulfan, cytoxan, methotrexate, nitrofurantoin—or drugs of abuse), heat injury, haemosiderosis, high altitude, iatrogenic (PEEP), infection (viruses, e.g., herpes, CMV; protozoans, e.g., Toxoplasma gondii, Pneumocystis jiroveci), molar pregnancy, noxious fumes (e.g., beryllium, cadmium, mercury, zinc), toxins (e.g., ammonia, kerosene, paraquat, phosgene), gases (e.g., CO2, NO2), (acute) pancreatitis, radiation, sepsis and endotoxins, shock, uraemia.
 
DiffDx
Goodpasture’s syndrome, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, multisystem organ failure, pneumonia (aspiration, bacterial, eosinophilic, nosocomial, Pneumocystis jiroveci, ventilator-related), respiratory failure, sepsis, shock (haemorrhagic, septic, toxic), perioperative lung management, toxicity (heroin, paraquat, salicylates), transfusion reaction, tumor lysis, ventilation.

diffuse alveolar damage

DAD The histologic findings in ARDS, which is characterized by an acute onset of diffuse pulmonary infiltrates Etiology AIDS, air embolism, cardiopulmonary bypass, connective tissue disease–SLE, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, dermatomyositis, drugs–therapeutic–eg, bleomycin, busulfan, cytoxan, MTX, nitrofurantoin or drugs of abuse, eosinophilic granuloma, heat injury, hemosiderosis, high altitude, iatrogenic–PEEP, infections–viruses–eg, herpes, CMV; protozoans–eg, toxoplasma, pneumocystis, molar pregnancy, noxious fumes–eg beryllium, cadmium, mercury, zinc, toxins–eg ammonia, kerosene, paraquat, phosgene, or gases–eg CO2, NO2, acute pancreatitis, shock, uremia. See Adult respiratory distress syndrome.