crystal

crystalAxes of symmetry in the seven main crystal systems are depicted using different colors. Within each crystal, axes having the same color are of equal length.

crys·tal

C0784400 (krĭs′təl)n.1. a. A homogenous solid formed by a repeating, three-dimensional pattern of atoms, ions, or molecules and having fixed distances between constituent parts.b. The unit cell of such a pattern.2. A mineral, especially a transparent form of quartz, having a crystalline structure, often characterized by external planar faces.3. a. A natural or synthetic crystalline material having piezoelectric or semiconducting properties.b. An electronic device containing such a material, as one that provides access to a radio frequency.4. a. A high-quality, clear, colorless glass.b. An object, especially a vessel or ornament, made of such glass.c. Such objects considered as a group.5. A clear glass or plastic protective cover for the face of a watch or clock.6. Slang A stimulant drug, usually methamphetamine, in its powdered form.adj. Clear or transparent: a crystal lake; the crystal clarity of their reasoning. See Synonyms at clear.

[Middle English cristal, from Old French, from Latin crystallum, from Greek krustallos, ice, crystal; see kreus- in Indo-European roots.]

crystal

(ˈkrɪstəl) n1. (Chemistry) a piece of solid substance, such as quartz, with a regular shape in which plane faces intersect at definite angles, due to the regular internal structure of its atoms, ions, or molecules2. (Minerals) a single grain of a crystalline substance3. anything resembling a crystal, such as a piece of cut glass4. (Ceramics) a. a highly transparent and brilliant type of glass, often used in cut-glass tableware, ornaments, etcb. (as modifier): a crystal chandelier. 5. something made of or resembling crystal6. (Ceramics) crystal glass articles collectively7. (Electronics) electronics a. a crystalline element used in certain electronic devices as a detector, oscillator, transducer, etcb. (as modifier): crystal pick-up; crystal detector. 8. (Horology) a transparent cover for the face of a watch, usually of glass or plastic9. (Chemistry) (modifier) of or relating to a crystal or the regular atomic arrangement of crystals: crystal structure; crystal lattice. adjresembling crystal; transparent: crystal water. [Old English cristalla, from Latin crystallum, from Greek krustallos ice, crystal, from krustainein to freeze]

crys•tal

(ˈkrɪs tl)
n. 1. a clear, transparent mineral or glass resembling ice. 2. the transparent form of crystallized quartz. 3. a solid body having a characteristic internal structure and enclosed by symmetrically arranged plane surfaces, intersecting at definite and characteristic angles. 4. a single grain or mass of a crystalline substance. 5. glass of fine quality and a high degree of brilliance. 6. glassware, esp. for the table and ornamental objects, made of such glass. 7. the glass or plastic cover over the face of a watch. 8. a quartz crystal shaped to vibrate at a particular frequency, used to control the frequency of an oscillator. 9. a piece of crystalline material thought to have or confer any of various special powers: healing crystals. 10. Slang. any stimulant drug in solid form, as methamphetamine. adj. 11. of or composed of crystal. 12. resembling crystal; clear; transparent. [before 1000; Middle English cristal(le), Old English cristalla < Medieval Latin cristallum, Latin crystallum < Greek krýstallos clear ice, rock crystal, derivative of krystaínein to freeze; see cryo-]

crystalImaginary axes of symmetry in the seven main crystal systems are depicted using different colors. Within each crystal, axes having the same color are of equal length.

crys·tal

(krĭs′təl) A solid composed of atoms, molecules, or ions arranged in regular patterns that are repeated throughout the structure to form a characteristic network. Crystals have straight edges and flat surfaces, and can occur in many sizes and shapes. ♦ The particular arrangement in space of these atoms, molecules, or ions, and the way in which they are joined is called a crystal lattice. There are seven crystal groups or systems. Each is defined on the basis of the geometrical arrangement of the crystal lattice.

crystalline adjective

crystal

1. A mineral that has solidified with geometrically arranged atoms and external symmetry.2. A substance with an orderly arrangement of atoms, ions or molecules in a regular geometrical shape.

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	crystal - a solid formed by the solidification of a chemical and having a highly regular atomic structureflake, snowflake - a crystal of snowdiamond dust, frost mist, frost snow, ice crystal, ice needle, poudrin, snow mist - small crystals of icegemstone, gem, stone - a crystalline rock that can be cut and polished for jewelry; "he had the gem set in a ring for his wife"; "she had jewels made of all the rarest stones"twins - (mineralogy) two interwoven crystals that are mirror images on each otherice, water ice - water frozen in the solid state; "Americans like ice in their drinks"solid - matter that is solid at room temperature and pressure
	2.	crystal - a crystalline element used as a component in various electronic devicesconstituent, element, component - an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up; especially a part that can be separated from or attached to a system; "spare components for cars"; "a component or constituent element of a system"crystal counter - a counter tube in which an ionizing event increases conductivitycrystal detector - a detector consisting of a fine wire in contact with a galena crystal; acts as a rectifiercrystal microphone - a microphone in which sound waves vibrate a piezoelectric crystal that generates a varying voltagecrystal pickup - a cartridge in which an output voltage is produced by the vibration of a piezoelectric crystalpiezoelectric crystal - a crystal that can be used as a transducer
	3.	crystal - a rock formed by the solidification of a substance; has regularly repeating internal structure; external plane facescrystallizationcrystallite - any of numerous minute rudimentary crystalline bodies of unknown composition found in glassy igneous rockrock, stone - a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter; "he threw a rock at me"
	4.	crystal - colorless glass made of almost pure silicalechatelierite, quartz, quartz glass, vitreous silicanatural glass - magma of any composition that cooled very rapidlysilica, silicon dioxide, silicon oxide - a white or colorless vitreous insoluble solid (SiO2); various forms occur widely in the earth's crust as quartz or cristobalite or tridymite or lechatelierite
	5.	crystal - glassware made of quartzglassware, glasswork - an article of tableware made of glass
	6.	crystal - a protective cover that protects the face of a watchwatch crystal, watch glassprotective cover, protective covering, protection - a covering that is intend to protect from damage or injury; "they had no protection from the fallout"; "wax provided protection for the floors"watch, ticker - a small portable timepiece

crystal

nounRelated words
fear chrystallophobia

Translations

水晶水晶玻璃结晶体

crystal

(ˈkristl) noun1. a small part of a solid substance (eg salt or ice) which has a regular shape. 结晶体2. a special kind of very clear glass. This bowl is made of crystal.水晶玻璃ˈcrystalline (-lain) adjective (of minerals etc) formed into crystals. Salt is a crystalline substance.结晶状的ˈcrystallize, ˈcrystallise verb1. to form (into) crystals. He crystallized the salt from the sea water.使结晶2. to cover with a coating of sugar crystals. crystallized fruits. 给（水果等）裹上糖屑 3. to make or become definite or clear. He tried to crystallize his ideas.具体化ˌcrystalliˈzation, ˌcrystalliˈsation noun结晶crystal ball a glass ball used in fortune-telling. （用于算命的）水晶球 crystal clear absolutely clear. My instructions were crystal clear.很清楚

crystal

→ 水晶zhCN

crystal

crystal,

a solid body bounded by natural plane faces that are the external expression of a regular internal arrangement of constituent atoms, molecules, or ions. The formation of a crystal by a substance passing from a gas or liquid to a solidsolid,
one of the three commonly recognized states in which matter occurs, i.e., that state, as distinguished from liquid and gas, in which a substance has both a definite shape and a definite volume.
..... Click the link for more information. state, or going out of solution (by precipitation or evaporation), is called crystallization.

Classification of Crystals

The particles in a crystal occupy positions with definite geometrical relationships to each other. The positions form a kind of scaffolding, called a crystalline lattice; the atomic occupancies of lattice positions are determined by the chemical composition of the substance. A crystalline substance is uniquely defined by the combination of its chemistry and the structural arrangement of its atoms. In all crystals of any specific substance the angles between corresponding faces are constant (Steno's Law, or the First Law of Crystallography, published by the Danish geologist Nicolaus Steno in 1669). Crystalline substances are grouped, according to the type of symmetry they display, into 32 classes. These in turn are grouped into seven systems on the basis of the relationships of their axes, i.e., imaginary straight lines passing through the ideal centers of the crystals.

Crystals may be symmetrical with relation to planes, axes, and centers of symmetry. Planes of symmetry divide crystals into equal parts (mirror images) that correspond point for point, angle for angle, and face for face. Axes of symmetry are imaginary lines about which the crystal may be considered to rotate, assuming, after passing through a rotation of 60°, 90°, 120°, or 180°, the identical position in space that it originally had. Centers of symmetry are points from which imaginary straight lines may be drawn to intersect identical points equidistant from the center on opposite sides.

The crystalline systems are cubic, or isometric (three equal axes, intersecting at right angles); hexagonal (three equal axes, intersecting at 60° angles in a horizontal plane, and a fourth, longer or shorter, axis, perpendicular to the plane of the other three); tetragonal (two equal, horizontal axes at right angles and one axis longer or shorter than the other two and perpendicular to their plane); orthorhombic (three unequal axes intersecting at right angles); monoclinic (three unequal axes, two intersecting at right angles and the third at an oblique angle to the plane of the other two); trigonal, or rhombohedral (three equal axes intersecting at oblique angles); and triclinic (three unequal axes intersecting at oblique angles). In all systems in which the axes are unequal there is a definite axial ratio for each crystal substance.

Physical Properties of Crystals

Crystals differ in physical properties, i.e., in hardness, cleavage, optical properties, heat conductivity, and electrical conductivity. These properties are important since they sometimes determine the use to which the crystals are put in industry. For example, crystalline substances that have special electrical properties are much used in communications equipment. These include quartz and Rochelle salt, which supply voltage on the application of mechanical force (see piezoelectric effectpiezoelectric effect
, voltage produced between surfaces of a solid dielectric (nonconducting substance) when a mechanical stress is applied to it. A small current may be produced as well. The effect, discovered by Pierre Curie in 1883, is exhibited by certain crystals, e.g.
..... Click the link for more information. ), and germanium, silicon, galena, and silicon carbide, which carry current unequally in different crystallographic directions, as semiconductor rectifiers.

See solid-state physicssolid-state physics,
study of the properties of bulk matter rather than those of the individual particles that compose it. Solid-state physics is concerned with the properties exhibited by atoms and molecules because of their association and regular, periodic arrangement in
..... Click the link for more information. .

Bibliography

See F. C. Phillips, An Introduction to Crystallography (1970); J. D. Dana, Manual of Mineralogy (18th ed., rev. by C. S. Hurlbut, Jr., 1971); B. K. Vainshtein, Modern Crystallography (2 vol., 1981–82).

Crystal

A solid in which the atoms or molecules are arranged periodically. Within a crystal, many identical parallelepiped unit cells, each containing a group of atoms, are packed together to fill all space (see illustration). In scientific nomenclature, the term crystal is usually short for single crystal, a single periodic arrangement of atoms. Most gems are single crystals. However, many materials are polycrystalline, consisting of many small grains, each of which is a single crystal. For example, most metals are polycrystalline. See Single crystal

Structure of a simple crystal

In electronics, the term crystal is restricted to mean piezoelectric crystal. Piezoelectric crystals contract or expand under application of electric voltages, and conversely they generate voltages when compressed. They are used for oscillators, pressure sensors, and position actuators. See Piezoelectricity

The anisotropic microscopic structure of a crystal is often reflected in its external form, consisting of flat faces and sharp edges. Crystal structure is generally determined via diffraction of x-rays, neutrons, or electrons. Unlike disordered materials such as glasses or liquids, the diffraction pattern of a periodic array of atoms consists of individual sharp spots. The symmetry and structure of the crystal can be inferred from the symmetry of the diffraction pattern and the intensities of the diffracted beams. See Electron diffraction, Neutron diffraction, X-ray diffraction

A crystal can be characterized by the symmetry operations that leave its structure invariant. These can include rotation about an axis through a specific angle, reflection through a plane, inversion through a point, translations by a unit cell dimension, and combinations of these. For a periodic structure, the only allowable rotational symmetries are 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, and 6-fold. A quasicrystal is a solid which yields a sharp diffraction pattern but has rotational symmetries (such as 5-fold or 10-fold) which are inconsistent with a periodic arrangement of atoms. See Quasicrystal

A plastic crystal is generally composed of organic molecules which are rotationally disordered. The centers of the molecules lie at well-defined, periodically spaced positions, but the orientations of the molecules are random. Plastic crystals are often very soft and may flow under their own weight.

A liquid crystal is a material which is intermediate in structure between a liquid and a solid. Liquid crystals usually flow like liquids but have some degree of internal order. They are generally composed of rodlike organic molecules, although in some cases they are composed of disklike molecules. In a nematic liquid crystal, the rods all have the same general orientation, but the positions of the rods are disordered. In a smectic liquid crystal, rodlike molecules are ordered into sheets, within which there is only liquidlike order. A smectic can thus be thought of as being crystalline in one dimension and liquid in the other two. In a discotic liquid crystal, disklike molecules are ordered into columnar arrays; there is short-range liquidlike order within the columns, but the columns form a two-dimensional crystal. See Crystal defects, Crystal growth, Crystal structure, Crystallography

Crystal

a special type of glass containing large quantities of lead oxide or barium oxide. The name “crystal” was given by analogy with rock crystal. Crystal may be decorated by etching, faceting, cutting, and polishing. Because of the lead content and the specific arrangement of angles formed by the facets, objects made from crystal disperse a play of unusually bright, multicolored light.

What does it mean when you dream about a crystal?

A crystal can represent something beautiful or even spiritual. Alternatively, it can mean something that has “crystallized,” either in the sense of manifesting or in the sense of becoming rigid. We are also familiar with “crystal” balls that are used to divine the future.

crystal

[′krist·əl] (crystallography) A homogeneous solid made up of an element, chemical compound or isomorphous mixture throughout which the atoms or molecules are arranged in a regularly repeating pattern. (electronics) A natural or synthetic piezoelectric or semiconductor material whose atoms are arranged with some degree of geometric regularity. (mineralogy) rock crystal

crystal

its transparency symbolizes pureness. [Folklore: Jobes, 391]See: Purity

crystal

1. a piece of solid substance, such as quartz, with a regular shape in which plane faces intersect at definite angles, due to the regular internal structure of its atoms, ions, or molecules 2. a single grain of a crystalline substance 3. a. a highly transparent and brilliant type of glass, often used in cut-glass tableware, ornaments, etc. b. (as modifier): a crystal chandelier 4. crystal glass articles collectively 5. Electronicsa. a crystalline element used in certain electronic devices as a detector, oscillator, transducer, etc. b. (as modifier): crystal pick-up

Crystal

Concurrent Representation of Your Space-Time ALgorithms.

A recursion equation parallel language.

["A Parallel Language and its Compilation to MultiprocessorMachines or VLSI", M.C. Chen, 13th POPL, ACM 1986 pp.131-139].

crystal

A solid material that contains a uniform arrangement of molecules. See crystalline, nanocrystal and quartz crystal.

crystal

crys·tal

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crystal ball

crystal clear

crystal dick

be as clear as crystal

(as) clear as crystal

be crystal clear

a crystal set

crystal

*clear as crystal

crystal ball

crystal clear, be

a crystal ball

clear as crystal

crystal clear

ˌcrystal ˈclear

crystal

crystals

crystal ball, look into one's

crystal clear

crystal set

crystal

crystal,

Classification of Crystals

Physical Properties of Crystals

Bibliography

Crystal

Crystal

What does it mean when you dream about a crystal?

crystal

crystal

crystal

Crystal

crystal

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crys·tal

crystal

crys·tal

crys·tal

CRYSTAL

crystal

Synonyms for crystal

noun a solid formed by the solidification of a chemical and having a highly regular atomic structure

Related Words

noun a crystalline element used as a component in various electronic devices

Related Words

noun a rock formed by the solidification of a substance

Synonyms

Related Words

noun colorless glass made of almost pure silica

Synonyms

Related Words

noun glassware made of quartz

Related Words

noun a protective cover that protects the face of a watch

Synonyms

Related Words