| 释义 |
Dolobid
Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | Dolobid - nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (trade name Dolobid) used to treat arthritis and other inflammatory conditionsdiflunisalnonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, NSAID - an anti-inflammatory drug that does not contain steroids; "NSAIDs inhibit the activity of both Cox-1 and Cox-2 enzymes"2-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid - a white crystalline substance with a bitter aftertaste; used as a fungicide or in making aspirin or dyes or perfumesbrand, brand name, marque, trade name - a name given to a product or service |
Dolobid
Dolobid [dol´o-bid] trademark for a preparation of diflunisal, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug.diflunisal (dye-floo-ni-sal) diflunisal, Apo-Diflunisal (trade name), Dolobid (trade name), Novo-Diflunisal (trade name), Nu-Diflunisal (trade name) Classification Therapeutic: nonopioid analgesics
Pharmacologic: salicylic acid derivatives
Pregnancy Category: C (first and second trimester)
Pregnancy Category: D (third trimester)
IndicationsInflammatory disorders including: Treatment of mild to moderate pain.ActionInhibits prostaglandin synthesis.Diflunisal is an NSAID chemically related to aspirin.Therapeutic effectsSuppression of pain and inflammation.PharmacokineticsAbsorption: Well absorbed from the GI tract.Distribution: Crosses the placenta; enters breast milk.Protein Binding: >99%.Metabolism and Excretion: Metabolized by the liver; excreted in urine as unchanged drug (3%) and as inactive metabolites.Half-life: 8–12 hr.Time/action profile | ROUTE | ONSET | PEAK | DURATION | | PO (analgesic) | 1 hr | 2–3 hr | 8–12 hr | | PO (anti-inflammatory) | few days–1 wk | 2 wk | unknown |
Contraindications/PrecautionsContraindicated in: Hypersensitivity; Cross-sensitivity may exist with other NSAIDs and aspirin; Active GI bleeding or ulcer disease; Patients with recent history of coronary artery bypass surgery; Pregnancy (3rd trimester); Lactation.Use Cautiously in: Severe renal or hepatic disease; History of cardiovascular disease; History of ulcer disease; Adolescents (may increase the risk of Reye’s syndrome if used during viral illness); Alcohol use; Elderly (increased risk of adverse effects); Pregnancy (1st and 2nd trimesters); Children < 12 yr (safety not established).Adverse Reactions/Side EffectsCentral nervous system- dizziness
- drowsiness
- headache
Ear, Eye, Nose, ThroatCardiovascular- arrhythmias
- ↑ in BP
- chest pain
- edema
Gastrointestinal- GI bleeding (life-threatening)
- abdominal discomfort (most frequent)
- nausea (most frequent)
- constipation
- diarrhea
- dyspepsia
- vomiting
GenitourinaryDermatologicHematologic- blood dyscrasias
- prolonged bleeding time
Miscellaneous- allergic reactions including anaphylaxis (life-threatening)
- chills
InteractionsDrug-Drug interactionConcurrent use with aspirin may decrease effectiveness.Additive adverse GI effects with aspirin, other NSAIDs, colchicine, corticosteroids, or alcohol.Chronic use with acetaminophen may increase the risk of adverse renal and hepatic reactions (increases acetaminophen blood levels by 50%).May decrease the effectiveness of diuretics or antihypertensives; but increases levels of hydrochlorothiazide.May increase the hypoglycemic effects of sulfonylureas.Probenecid increases risk of toxicity from diflunisal.Increased risk of bleeding with some cephalosporins or anticoagulants.May increase levels and increase the risk of toxicity from cyclosporine, digoxin,lithium, or methotrexate.Increased risk of adverse hematologic reactions with antineoplastics or radiation therapy.Administration with antacids decreases absorption of diflunisal.May increase the risk of adverse renal reactions when used with gold compounds.Increased bleeding risk with anise, arnica, chamomile, clove, feverfew, garlic, ginger, ginkgo, ginseng, and others.Route/DosageOral (Adults) Anti-inflammatory—250–500 mg twice daily (maximum daily dose = 1.5 g). Analgesic—500 mg–1 g initially, then 250–500 mg q 8–12 hr (maximum daily dose = 1.5 g).Availability (generic available)Tablets: 250 mg, 500 mg Nursing implicationsNursing assessment- Patients who have asthma, aspirin-induced allergy, and nasal polyps are at increased risk for developing hypersensitivity reactions. Routinely monitor BP in patients with history of hypertension.
- Arthritis: Assess pain and range of motion before and periodically during therapy.
- Pain: Assess pain (type, location, and intensity) before and 1–2 hr after administration.
- Lab Test Considerations: BUN, serum creatinine, CBC, and liver function tests should be evaluated periodically in patients receiving prolonged course of therapy.
- Serum creatinine, AST, ALT, and LDH may show increased levels. Serum uric acid levels may be decreased.
- May cause minimally prolonged bleeding time at higher doses, which may persist for less than 1 day after discontinuation of therapy.
Potential Nursing DiagnosesAcute pain (Indications)
Impaired physical mobility (Indications)
Deficient knowledge, related to medication regimen (Patient/Family Teaching)
Implementation- Coadministration with opioid analgesics may have additive analgesic effects and may permit lower opioid doses.
- Oral: For rapid initial effect, administer 30 min before or 2 hr after meals. May be administered with food, milk, or antacids to decrease GI irritation. Tablets should be swallowed whole; do not crush or chew.
Patient/Family Teaching- Advise patient to take diflunisal with a full glass of water and to remain in an upright position for 15–30 min after administration.
- Instruct patient to take diflunisal exactly as directed. If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered but not if almost time for the next dose. Do not double doses.
- May cause drowsiness or dizziness. Advise patient to avoid driving or other activities requiring alertness until response to the medication is known.
- Caution patient to avoid concurrent use of alcohol, aspirin, other NSAIDs, acetaminophen, or other OTC medications without consulting health care professional.
- Instruct patient to notify health care professional of medication regimen before treatment or surgery.
- Advise patient to consult health care professional if rash, itching, visual disturbances, tinnitus, weight gain, edema, black stools, persistent headache, or influenza-like syndrome (chills, fever, muscle aches, pain) occurs.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warn against giving aspirin or salicylates to children or adolescents with varicella (chickenpox) or influenza-like or viral illnesses because of a possible association with Reye’s syndrome.
- Advise patient to notify health care professional if pregnancy is planned or suspected.
Evaluation/Desired Outcomes- Decrease in severity of mild to moderate pain.
- Improved joint mobility. Partial arthritic relief is usually seen within 1–2 wk, with maximum effectiveness seen in several weeks. Patients who do not respond to one NSAID may respond to another.
Dolobid (dō′lə-bĭd′) A trademark for the drug diflunisal.Dolobid
Synonyms for Dolobidnoun nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (trade name Dolobid) used to treat arthritis and other inflammatory conditionsSynonymsRelated Words- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
- NSAID
- 2-hydroxybenzoic acid
- salicylic acid
- brand
- brand name
- marque
- trade name
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