duodenum

duodenum:

see intestineintestine,
muscular hoselike portion of the gastrointestinal tract extending from the lower end of the stomach (pylorus) to the anal opening. In humans this fairly narrow (about 1 in./2.
..... Click the link for more information. ; pancreaspancreas
, glandular organ that secretes digestive enzymes and hormones. In humans, the pancreas is a yellowish organ about 7 in. (17.8 cm) long and 1.5 in. (3.8 cm) wide. It lies beneath the stomach and is connected to the small intestine at the duodenum (see digestive system).
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Duodenum

the first section (individually distinct in man, mammals, and birds) of the small intestine, from the pylorus to the jejunum.

The length of the duodenum in man is approximately 25–30 cm (the width of about 12 fingers—hence the name); its volume is 150–250 ml. The wall of the duodenum consists of three layers: the inner layer of mucous membrane, the middle layer of muscular membrane, and the external layer of serous membrane. The mucous membrane forms numerous transverse folds, its surface studded with villi; it contains cells that manufacture an intestinal juice containing enzymes that break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates; it also contains enterokinase, which converts trypsinogen, the inactive enzyme of pancreatic juice, to the active trypsin. In the wall of the upper portion of the duodenum are the so-called Brun-ner’s glands, which, in structure and in the composition of the juice they secrete, are closely related to the glands of the pyloric portion of the stomach. The effluent ducts of the pancreas and liver open into the duodenal cavity through a common aperture. The acidic, gruel-like food mass (chyme) passing from the stomach continues to be digested in the duodenum under the influence of enzymes of the alkaline pancreatic and intestinal juices. Proteins are broken down into amino acids, carbohydrates into monosaccharides, and fats into glycerol and fatty acids. Bile promotes the digestion and absorption of fats. Through the walls of the villi the products of proteolysis and glycolysis enter the blood; the products of lypolysis enter the lymph. In the walls of the duodenum an inactive substance is formed (prosecretin) which, under the action of hydrochloric acid entering from the stomach, is converted to the biologically active secretin. Upon entering the blood secretin, acting along with the sympathetic nervous system, stimulates the secretion of pancreatic juice. Ulcer is the most common disease of the duodenum.

duodenum

[dü′äd·ən·əm or dü·ə′dē·nəm] (anatomy) The first section of the small intestine of mammals, extending from the pylorus to the jejunum.

duodenum

the first part of the small intestine, between the stomach and the jejunum

Duodenum

duodenum

[doo″o-de´num] the first or proximal portion of the small intestine, about 25 cm (10 inches) long, extending from the pylorus to the jejunum. It plays an important role in digestion of food because both the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct empty into it. It is subject to various disorders, the most common of which are peptic ulcers" >peptic ulcers and obstruction due to dilatation of the intestine and stasis of the duodenal contents. The duodenum also may be the site of diverticula, fistulas, and occasionally tumors. See also digestive system.

du·o·de·num

, gen.

du·o·de·ni

, pl.

du·o·de·na

(dū'ō-dē'nŭm, dū-od'ĕ-nŭm; -od'ĕ-nă, -dē'nă), [TA] Although the correct classical pronunciation of this word stresses the second-last syllable (duode'num), the third-to-last syllable is often stressed in the U.S. (duod'enum).The first division of the small intestine, about 25 cm or 12 fingerbreadths (hence the name) long, extending from the pylorus to the junction with the jejunum at the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra on the left side. It is divided into the superior part, the first part of which is the duodenal cap, the descending part, into which the bile and pancreatic ducts open, the horizontal (inferior) part and the ascending part, terminating at the duodenojejunal junction. [Mediev. L. fr. L. duodeni, twelve]

duodenum

(do͞o′ə-dē′nəm, dyo͞o′-, do͞o-ŏd′n-əm, dyo͞o-)n. pl. duodena (do͞o′ə-dē′nə, dyo͞o′-, do͞o-ŏd′n-ə, dyo͞o-) or duodenums The beginning portion of the small intestine, starting at the lower end of the stomach and extending to the jejunum.

du′o·de′nal (do͞o′ə-dē′nəl, dyo͞o′-, do͞o-ŏd′n-əl, dyo͞o-) adj.

du·o·de·num

, pl. duodena (dūō-dēnŭm, -nă) [TA] The first division of the small intestine, about 25 cm in length, extending from the pylorus to the junction with the jejunum at the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra on the left side. It is divided into the superior part, the first part of which is the duodenal cap, the descending part, into which the bile and pancreatic ducts open; the horizontal (inferior) part; and the ascending part, terminating at the duodenojejunal junction.[Mediev. L. fr. L. duodeni, twelve]

duodenum

The C-shaped first part of the small intestine into which the stomach empties. The ducts from the GALL BLADDER and PANCREAS enter the duodenum. The duodenum is said to be 12 finger-breadths long-hence the name.

duodenum

that part of the SMALL INTESTINE connecting the stomach to the ileum. It is about 25 cm long in man. The wall is highly folded internally with microscopic projections called VILLI, which increase the surface area for digestion and absorption. Within the wall are BRUNNER'S GLANDS and PANETH CELLS which, together with secretions from the pancreas entering the duodenum via the bile duct, produce a whole range of enzymes to complete digestion.

Duodenum

The first of the three segments of the small intestine. The duodenum connects the stomach and the jejunum. Most peptic ulcers are in the duodenum.Mentioned in: Biliary Atresia, Cutis Laxa, Enterostomy, Enzyme Therapy, Pancreas Transplantation, Pancreatitis, Tube Feedings, Ulcers (Digestive), Vagotomy

du·o·de·num

Patient discussion about Duodenum

Q. What is the difference between duodenal ulcer and stomach ulcer? I was diagnosed recently with duodenal ulcer. I heard the term stomach ulcer but not duodenal. What causes duodenal and what cause stomach ulcer? And how do they treat duodenal ulcer?A. The duodenum is right after the stomach. They are both (as published a few years back) caused 90% of the time from a bacteria named helicobacter pylori. Hence the treatment for it is probably antibiotics. But I guess that should be your doctor’s call. Good luck!

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Words related to duodenum

noun the part of the small intestine between the stomach and the jejunum

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