| 释义 |
dominance
dom·i·nance D0333100 (dŏm′ə-nəns)n. The condition or fact of being dominant.dominance (ˈdɒmɪnəns) or dominancyncontrol; ascendancydom•i•nance (ˈdɒm ə nəns)
n. 1. the condition of being dominant. 2. control or ascendancy; rule. 3. Psychol. the disposition of an individual to assert control in dealing with others. 4. Animal Behav. a. high status in a social group, often as a result of aggressive behavior, involving prior access to food, mates, space, etc. b. hierarchical rank in a social group in terms of dominant and submissive behavior. 5. the normal tendency for one side of the brain to be more important than the other in controlling certain functions. Sometimes, dom′i•nan•cy.[1810–20]Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | dominance - superior development of one side of the bodylateralitybodily property - an attribute of the body | | 2. |  dominance - the state that exists when one person or group has power over another; "her apparent dominance of her husband was really her attempt to make him pay attention to her"ascendance, ascendancy, ascendence, ascendency, controlcondition, status - a state at a particular time; "a condition (or state) of disrepair"; "the current status of the arms negotiations"ascendant, ascendent - position or state of being dominant or in control; "that idea was in the ascendant"supremacy, domination, mastery - power to dominate or defeat; "mastery of the seas"predominance, predomination, prepotency - the state of being predominant over othersdominion, rule - dominance or power through legal authority; "France held undisputed dominion over vast areas of Africa"; "the rule of Caesar"regulation - the state of being controlled or governedabsolutism, despotism, tyranny - dominance through threat of punishment and violencemonopoly - exclusive control or possession of something; "They have no monopoly on intelligence" | | 3. | dominance - the organic phenomenon in which one of a pair of alleles present in a genotype is expressed in the phenotype and the other allele of the pair is notgenetic science, genetics - the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organismsorganic phenomenon - (biology) a natural phenomenon involving living plants and animals | | 4. |  dominance - the power or right to give orders or make decisions; "he has the authority to issue warrants"; "deputies are given authorization to make arrests"; "a place of potency in the state"authority, potency, authorization, authorisation, say-sopower of appointment - authority given (in a will or deed) by a donor to a donee to appoint the beneficiaries of the donor's propertycontrol - power to direct or determine; "under control"carte blanche - complete freedom or authority to actcommand - the power or authority to command; "an admiral in command"imperium - supreme authority; absolute dominionlordship - the authority of a lordmuscle - authority or power or force (especially when used in a coercive way); "the senators used their muscle to get the party leader to resign"sovereignty - the authority of a state to govern another state |
dominancenoun control, government, power, rule, authority, command, sway, domination, supremacy, mastery, ascendancy, paramountcy They're unpopular for their dominance over the community.dominancenoun1. The condition or fact of being dominant:ascendance, ascendancy, domination, paramountcy, predominance, preeminence, preponderance, preponderancy, prepotency, supremacy.2. The act of exercising controlling power or the condition of being so controlled:command, control, domination, dominion, mastery, reign, rule, sway.Translationsdominant (ˈdominənt) adjective ruling; most important; strongest. the dominant group in society; Green was the dominant colour in the room. 佔優勢的，支配的 占优势的，支配的 ˈdominance noun 優勢，支配地位 优势，支配地位 ˈdominate (-neit) verb1. to have command or influence (over). The stronger man dominates the weaker. 支配 支配2. to be most strong or most noticeable etc (in). The skyline is dominated by the castle. 位居最重要或最明顯的位置 在…中拥有最重要（或最明显）的位置 ˌdomiˈnation noun 支配 支配dominance
Dominance The expression of a trait in both the homozygous and the heterozygous condition. In experiments with the garden pea, the Austrian botanist Gregor Mendel crossed plants from true-breeding strains containing contrasting sets of characters. For seed shape, round and wrinkled strains were used. When plants with round seeds were crossed to plants with wrinkled seeds (P1 generation), all offspring had round seeds. When the offspring (F1 generation) were self-crossed, 5474 of the resulting F2 offspring were round and 1850 were wrinkled. Thus, the round trait is expressed in both the F1 and F2 generations, while the wrinkled trait is not expressed in the F1 but is reexpressed in the F2 in about one-fourth of the offspring. In reporting these results in a paper published in 1866, Mendel called the trait which is expressed in the F1 generation a dominant trait, while the trait which is unexpressed in the F1 but reappears in the F2 generation was called a recessive trait. See Mendelism Traits such as round or wrinkled are visible expressions of genes. This visible expression of a gene is known as the phenotype, while the genetic constitution of an individual is known as its genotype. The alternate forms of a single gene such as round or wrinkled seed shape are known as alleles. In the P1 round plants, both alleles are identical (since the plant is true-breeding), and the individual is said to be homozygous for this trait. The F1 round plants are not true-breeding, since they give rise to both round and wrinkled offspring, and are said to be heterozygous. In this case, then, the round allele is dominant to the wrinkled, since it is expressed in both the homozygous and heterozygous condition. Dominance is not an inherent property of a gene or an allele, but instead is a term used to describe the relationship between phenotype and genotype. See Allele, Gene action The production of phenotypes which are intermediate between those of the parents is an example of partial or incomplete dominance. The phenomenon of incomplete dominance which results in a clear-cut intermediate phenotype is relatively rare. However, even in cases where dominance appears to be complete, there is often evidence for intermediate gene expression. The separate and distinct expression of both alleles of a gene is an example of codominance. This is a situation unlike that of incomplete dominance or complete dominance. In humans, the MN blood group is characterized by the presence of molecules called glycoproteins on the surface of red blood cells. These molecules or antigens contribute to the immunological identity of an individual. In the MN blood system, persons belong to blood groups M, MN, or N. These phenotypes are produced by two alleles, M and N, each of which controls the synthesis of a variant glycoprotein. In the heterozygote MN, there is separate and complete expression of each allele. This is in contrast to incomplete dominance, where there is an intermediate or blending effect in heterozygotes. Codominance usually results in the production of gene products of both alleles. See Blood groups Individuals in which the phenotype of the heterozygote is more extreme than in either of the parents are said to exhibit overdominance. The concept of overdominance is important in understanding the genetic structure of populations and is usually related to characteristics associated with fitness, such as size and viability. The production of superior hybrid offspring by crossing two different strains of an organism is known as heterosis. The hybrid superiority may take the form of increased resistance to disease or greater yield in grain production. The mechanism which results in heterosis has been widely debated but is still unknown. See Breeding (plant), Heterosis A physiological explanation of dominance was put forward by S. Wright in 1934. He argued that variations in metabolic activity brought about by the heterozygous condition are likely to have little effect on the phenotype because enzymes are linked together in pathways so that the substrate of one enzyme is the product of another. Recessive mutations, when homozygous, may halt the activity of one enzyme and thus bring the entire pathway to a halt, producing a mutant phenotype. Heterozygotes, on the other hand, are likely to have only a reduction in activity of one enzyme which will be averaged out over the entire metabolic pathway, producing little phenotypic effect. Molecular studies of dominance have extended Wright's ideas by exploring the kinetic structure of metabolic pathways and enzyme systems. The results obtained thus far tend to support the thrust of his hypothesis, and have established that the dominant phenotype seen in heterozygotes for a recessive allele can be explained without the need to invoke the existence of modifiers. See Genetics, Molecular biology, Mutation DominanceOccupying a preeminent or influential position; architectural forms that exercise the most influence or governing control.dominance (MARXISM) the ‘dominant element’ within a social formation – be this ideology, politics, or the economy – as determined by the particular requirements of the economic base at a point in time (ALTHUSSER, 1966). Althusser wished to draw attention to the internal complexity of social formations, even though these are determined by the economy ‘in the final instance’. He contrasted this view with the ‘Hegelian’ conception of social ‘totality’.Dominance the form of relationship that occurs between the paired (allelic) hereditary elements, or genes, whereby one gene suppresses the function of the other. The former is called the dominant allele and is designated by a capital letter (for example, A); the second is called the recessive allele and is designated by a lower-case letter (for example, a). G. Mendel introduced the concept of dominance to genetics. A distinction is made between complete dominance and intermediate dominance (semidominance). In complete dominance, only the effect of the dominant allele is manifested, whereas in intermediate dominance the effects of both the dominant and recessive alleles are expressed in varying degrees. Complete dominance, like complete recessiveness, is rare. The manifestation of any character in the phenotype depends on the genotype—that is, on the action of a number of genes. An allele may be dominant, recessive, or expressed in intermediate forms, according to environmental conditions and the genetic makeup of a population (and, consequently, of the individual). According to the English scientist R. Fisher, dominance is evolving as a system in which gene modifiers are selected for a given initially semidominant allele. If the initial effect of the allele is unfavorable, it becomes latent, or recessive, in the course of selection. If it is positive, the allele becomes dominant. Change in the dominance of an allele when it is carried into another genotype or is influenced by external conditions can be explained by the action of this system (when the action of the gene modifiers is subject to change). The English biologists J. B. S. Haldane and S. Wright assume that it is those alleles that produce an optimal physiological effect that are selected and fixed as dominants (for example, those that synthesize a certain amount of an appropriate enzyme). Dominance plays an important role in medicine and agriculture. In case of complete dominance an individual may carry harmful alleles in a recessive state, the presence of which becomes apparent only when they are found as homozygous. These phenomena are analyzed by medical geneticists. Livestock breeders analyze sires by the offspring. IU. S. DEMIN dominance[′däm·ə·nəns] (ecology) The influence that a controlling organism has on numerical composition or internal energy dynamics in a community. (genetics) The expression of a heritable trait in the heterozygote such as to make it phenotypically indistinguishable from the homozygote.
See dominancedominance
dominance [dom´ĭ-nans] 1. the supremacy, or superior manifestation, in a specific situation of one of two or more competitive or mutually antagonistic factors.2. the appearance, in the phenotype of a heterozygote, of one of two mutually antagonistic parental characters.dom·i·nance (dom'i-nănts), The state of being dominant.dominance (dŏm′ə-nəns)n. The condition or fact of being dominant.Genetics The ability of a dominant gene to express itself in a phenotype, when the gene is paired with another (recessive) gene that would have expressed itself in a different way
Neurology The tendency of one brain hemisphere to be more controlling than the other in mediating neural activity
Psychiatry A predisposition to playing the controlling role when interacting with others
Sexology See Domination
Transplant medicine See Donor dominance, Recipient dominancedominance Genetics The ability of a dominant gene to express itself in a phenotype, when the gene is paired with another (recessive) gene that would have expressed itself in a different way Neurology Cerebral dominance The tendency of one brain hemisphere to be more controlling than the other in mediating neural activity Psychiatry A predisposition to play a controlling role when interacting with others Sexology See Domination. dom·i·nance (dom'i-năns) The state of being dominant. dominance The power of a gene to exert its influence whether the other member of the gene pair is identical or dissimilar. GENES occur in pairs at corresponding positions (loci) on each of the paired CHROMOSOMES. A gene that has its effect only if paired with an ALLELE of the same kind is said to be RECESSIVE. The effect of a dominant gene paired with a recessive gene will be the same as if both genes had been identical to the dominant gene, but every cell in the affected person's body, including those producing sperms and eggs, contains the recessive gene. Such a person is said to be HETEROZYGOUS for that gene. When the sperms and eggs are produced, only one of the pair of chromosomes is included, so there is a 50/50 chance that this will be the one with the recessive gene. Should a sperm with the recessive gene fertilize an egg which also has the recessive gene, the recessive characteristic will be expressed because there is no other genetic material for the characteristic.dominance - a genetic interaction where one ALLELE of a gene masks the expression of an alternative allele in the HETEROZYGOTE, so that the PHENOTYPE is of that form controlled by the dominant allele. For example, gene A has two alleles A1 and A 2:
 - but when heterozygous, A 1/ A2 = black phenotype. Thus A1 is dominant to A 2, with A2 ‘recessive’ to A1. In molecular terms, the A1 allele is coding for a protein of such quality and quantity to allow the normal amount of black pigment to be produced, even though the A2 allele is not coding for a normal enzyme. See also CODOMINANCE, INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE.
- the preponderance of one species within an ecological COMMUNITY, for example, oaks in oak woods.
LegalSeeDominantdominance
Related to dominance: incomplete dominanceSynonyms for dominancenoun controlSynonyms- control
- government
- power
- rule
- authority
- command
- sway
- domination
- supremacy
- mastery
- ascendancy
- paramountcy
Synonyms for dominancenoun the condition or fact of being dominantSynonyms- ascendance
- ascendancy
- domination
- paramountcy
- predominance
- preeminence
- preponderance
- preponderancy
- prepotency
- supremacy
noun the act of exercising controlling power or the condition of being so controlledSynonyms- command
- control
- domination
- dominion
- mastery
- reign
- rule
- sway
Synonyms for dominancenoun superior development of one side of the bodySynonymsRelated Wordsnoun the state that exists when one person or group has power over anotherSynonyms- ascendance
- ascendancy
- ascendence
- ascendency
- control
Related Words- condition
- status
- ascendant
- ascendent
- supremacy
- domination
- mastery
- predominance
- predomination
- prepotency
- dominion
- rule
- regulation
- absolutism
- despotism
- tyranny
- monopoly
noun the organic phenomenon in which one of a pair of alleles present in a genotype is expressed in the phenotype and the other allele of the pair is notRelated Words- genetic science
- genetics
- organic phenomenon
noun the power or right to give orders or make decisionsSynonyms- authority
- potency
- authorization
- authorisation
- say-so
Related Words- power of appointment
- control
- carte blanche
- command
- imperium
- lordship
- muscle
- sovereignty
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