| 单词 | entrepreneur | |||
| 释义 | entrepreneurentrepreneuren·tre·pre·neurE0165600 (ŏn′trə-prə-nûr′, -no͝or′)entrepreneur(ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː; French ɑ̃trəprənœr)en•tre•pre•neur(ˌɑn trə prəˈnɜr, -ˈnʊər, -ˈnyʊər, ɑ̃ˌ-)n. entrepreneur
entrepreneurentrepreneurnounentrepreneur(ontrəprəˈnəː) nounentrepreneurentrepreneur(än'trəprənûr`) [Fr.,=one who undertakes], person who assumes the organization, management, and risks of a business enterprise. It was first used as a technical economic term by the 18th-century economist Richard Cantillon. To the classical economist of the late 18th cent. the term meant an employer in the character of one who assumes the risk and management of business; an undertaker of economic enterprises, in contrast to the ordinary capitalist, who, strictly speaking, merely owns an enterprise and may choose to take no part in its day-to-day operation. In practice, entrepreneurs were not differentiated from regular capitalists until the 19th cent., when their function developed into that of coordinators of processes necessary to large-scale industry and trade. Joseph Schumpeter and other 20th-century economists considered the entrepreneur's competitive drive for innovation and improvement to have been the motive force behind capitalist development. Richard Arkwright in England and William Cockerill on the Continent were prominent examples of the rising class of entrepreneurial manufacturers during the Industrial Revolution. Henry Ford was a 20th-century American example. The entrepreneur's functions and importance have declined with the growth of the corporationcorporation,in law, organization enjoying legal personality for the purpose of carrying on certain activities. Most corporations are businesses for profit; they are usually organized by three or more subscribers who raise capital for the corporate activities by selling shares ..... Click the link for more information. . BibliographySee J. Schumpeter, The Theory of Economic Development (1934); J. W. Gough, The Rise of the Entrepreneur (1969); O. F. Collins, The Organization Makers (1970). entrepreneurany owner of capital who is engaged in the management of an enterprise for the sale of goods or services for profit. Classical economics focused on entrepreneurial activity as a factor of production in which risk taking was the key attribute of the entrepreneur. Classical microeconomic theory of the firm also assumed the existence of an individual entrepreneur as the basis for decision making in terms of profit maximization. In contrast, sociological study of entrepreneurs has been concerned in particular with their position within the class structure, their values and their relations to other class groupings (see also MIDDLE CLASS). Features of entrepreneurship variously include: values of independence, innovation, competition and a belief in enterprise and profit making (see also PROTESTANT ETHIC, ENTERPRISE CULTURE). Recent organizational research has identified the phenomenon of intrapreneurship: the development of entrepreneurial attitudes and behaviour of employees within the enterprise.Empirical research into entrepreneurs has indicated that they do not comprise a homogeneous category, but include the self-employed, small employers, owner-controllers and owner-directors (Scase and Goffe, 1982). Sociological analysis of the self-employed – small proprietors, artisans and tradespeople – has occupied a problematic place in the study of the changing class structure of capitalist societies in terms of their position between large-scale capital and the working class (see PETTY BOURGEOISIE). Interest in the self-employed has been renewed recently with the proliferation of small businesses and research into the INFORMAL ECONOMY. The class position of owner-controllers and owner-directors has figured prominently in the analysis of the separation of ownership from control, and of the RULING CLASS in advanced capitalist societies. See also MANAGERIAL REVOLUTION, POSTCAPITALISM AND POSTCAPITALIST SOCIETY. entrepreneurEntrepreneurEntrepreneurentrepreneurentrepreneura person who undertakes the risks of establishing and running a new business. Entrepreneurs are characterized by their initiative and enterprise in seeking out new business opportunities; inventing and commercializing new goods and services and methods of production. See VENTURE CAPITAL, INDUSTRIAL POLICY, INTRAPRENEURIAL GROUP, MANAGEMENT BUYOUT.entrepreneuran individual who assembles and organizes FACTORS OF PRODUCTION to undertake a venture with a view to PROFIT. The individual may supply one or more of the three factors of production (NATURAL RESOURCES, LABOUR, CAPITAL) himself or may hire or buy any or all factors in the expectation of future profits. The entrepreneurial function is sometimes called a . fourth factor of production.The entrepreneur was seen in the 19th century as an individual proprietor who supplied most or all of the factors of production but especially managerial expertise. The advent of the JOINT-STOCK COMPANY led to the division of management and the supply of capital, so that the term ‘entrepreneur’ became a more hypothetical abstract term attached to any individual or group who performs the risk-bearing and organizing functions above. The traditional THEORY OF THE FIRM suggests that entrepreneurs attempt to maximize profit, but since the 1930s there has been growing awareness that the DIVORCE OF OWNERSHIP FROM CONTROL in large joint-stock companies influences the behavioural attitudes of groups of individuals within organizations, which may lead to corporations following objectives other than PROFIT MAXIMIZATION. See BEHAVIOURAL THEORY OF THE FIRM, MANAGERIAL THEORIES OF THE FIRM, RISK AND UNCERTAINTY. entrepreneurOne who assumes risk in order to combine knowledge, capital, and resources to create a venture that will hopefully return a profit. entrepreneur
Synonyms for entrepreneur
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entrepreneur - someone who organizes a business venture and assumes the risk for it