| 单词 | cerebrovascular accident | |||
| 释义 | cerebrovascular accidentcerebrovascular accidentcerebrovascular accidentorcerebral vascular accident
Cerebrovascular Accidentcerebrovascular accident[sa¦rē·brō′vas·kyə·lər ′ak·sə·dənt]Cerebrovascular Accident(or stroke), a disturbance of the cerebral blood circulation that develops acutely and results in injury to brain tissue and impairment of the brain’s functions. Hypertension and atherosclerosis or a combination of the two are the most common causes of a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). It often develops with heart disease, rheumatism, blood diseases, and other ailments. Cerebral hemorrhage is distinguished from ischemic CVA. The former is caused by rupture of the blood vessel and generally occurs in hypertension. Emotional or physical stress often triggers cerebral hemorrhage. This extravasated blood partially destroys and partially compresses the surrounding nerve tissue, causing brain edema. A hemorrhage usually results in serious systematic phenomena—unconsciousness, respiratory and cardiac disturbances, and vomiting. The patient’s face often turns purplish-red. Different kinds of convulsions may occur. Various symptoms of focal brain lesions appear, for example, paralysis of the extremities, disturbance of sensation (or sensory functions), and speech disorders. A malacia of brain tissue—cerebral infarction—is the basis of ischemic CVA. Cerebral infarction develops after the cerebral blood vessels are occluded by an atherosclerotic plaque, thrombus (blood clot), or embolus (piece of a thrombus or atherosclerotic plaque carried by the blood flow from an unhealthy heart or large blood vessel). Cerebral infarction may also occur after occlusion of the blood flow to some part of the brain owing to blood vessel narrowing by the atherosclerotic process or by a spasm. The brain tissue in the affected zone ceases to receive the oxygen and the nutrients transported by the blood and, as a result, dies and softens. In many cases, atherosclerosis of the major cerebral blood vessels or vessels passing through the neck (carotid and vertebral arteries) as well as neurogenic and metabolic factors play an important role in the ischemic CVA. The development of an ischemic insult is encouraged by heart failure, a drop in arterial blood pressure, and an increase in blood coagulability. It is often preceded by transient disturbances of the cerebral blood supply manifested by brief numbness in various parts of the body, weakness of the limbs, speech disorders, dizziness, or other disorders. The patient’s face becomes pale. Paralysis, impairment of sensory functions and speech, and other symptoms often progress gradually (in a cerebral hemorrhage they usually set in unexpectedly and suddenly). Only in very critical cases is consciousness lost. Sometimes an examination of cerebrospinal fluid and blood and X-ray studies of the cerebral vessels using contrast substances (angiography) are necessary to make the correct diagnosis and choose the appropriate treatment. Treatment consists in complete rest and measures to correct the cardiovascular disturbance, prevent or correct respiratory distress, improve the blood supply to the brain, and control brain edema. The choice of method depends on the type of CVA. Surgical methods are being developed to treat cerebral hemorrhage and eliminate the spasm and occlusion of the blood vessels that result in ischemia (when the major cerebral vessels are affected). Therapeutic exercises, massages, practice with a logopedist, and other measures are prescribed for the sequelae of insults. Prophylaxis involves proper work, rest, and eating habits; elimination of mental stress; and treatment of systemic vascular disease. REFERENCESLur’e, Z. L. Rasstroistva mozgovogo krovoobrashcheniia, 2nd ed. Moscow, 1959.Bogolepov, N. K. “Sosudistye zabolevaniia nervnoi sistemy.” In Mnogo-tomnoe rukovodstvo po nevrologii, vol. 4, part 1. Moscow, 1963. Shmidt, E. V. Stenoz i tromboz sonnykh arlerii i narusheniia mozgovogo krovoobrashcheniia.Moscow, 1963. Narusheniia mozgovogo krovoobrashcheniia i ikh khirurgicheskoe leche-nie.Moscow, 1967. D. K. LUNEV cerebrovascular accidentaccident[ak´sĭ-dent]cer·e·bro·vas·cu·lar ac·ci·dent (CVA),cerebrovascular accidentcerebrovascular accidentStroke, cerebral hemorrhage Neurology Sudden death of brain cells due to ↓ O2 2º to vascular obstruction or ruptured cerebral artery Clinical Abrupt unilateral weakness, paralysis Diagnosis CT, MRI Prevention Control HTN, DM Prevention Carotid endarterectomy ↓ risk of future stroke; in asymptomatic Pts with stenosed carotids; CVA risk ↓ with aspirin and ticlopidine–Ticlid™, which have antiplatelet activity. See Stroke, Transient ishemic attack.cer·e·bro·vas·cu·lar ac·ci·dent(CVA) (ser'ĕ-brō-vas'kyū-lăr ak'si-dĕnt)cerebrovascular accidentMedical jargon or euphemism for any of the events causing STROKE, such as cerebral thrombosis, cerebral haemorrhage or EMBOLISM of a cerebral artery.Patient discussion about cerebrovascular accidentQ. Stroke My granny got stroke. Now she is in the hospital, but she doesn't identify me or my mother. When I asked her what are the season now - she answers that it's winter now. I don't know how to help her. What I have to prepare for? Q. Migraine stroke Hi,I'm 58 years-old male and I have migraines with aura since age 14. Two weeks ago, I felt weakness in the left side of my body, and at the hospital the doctors told me I had a stroke. I underwent several tests, but they still don't know the cause for the stroke (my lab tests are normal; I don't have diabetes or hypertension). My neurologist said that although it's very rare, he thinks that my stroke was caused by my migraine.I tried to find information about it, but couldn't find much – do you know where I can get some more info? Thanks! Q. What Are the Risk Factors for Developing Stroke? My father had a stroke recently, at the age of 73. What are the risk factors for developing this? cerebrovascular accident
Synonyms for cerebrovascular accident
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cerebrovascular accident - a sudden loss of consciousness resulting when the rupture or occlusion of a blood vessel leads to oxygen lack in the brain