busulfan

enUK

busulfan

[bu-sul´fan] an alkylating agent that acts selectively on the bone marrow, depressing granulocyte formation, and is therefore used in the treatment of leukemias" >myelogenous leukemias. It is also used for the treatment of myeloproliferative disorders, including polycythemia vera and metaplasia" >myeloid metaplasia. Administered orally or intravenously. Side effects include nausea and vomiting, and heavy doses may lead to excessive bone marrow depression. Complete blood counts (including platelet counts) must be done frequently while the drug is being administered and are used as a guide to dosage and effects on bone marrow production. Because of its effects on bone marrow, it is used at high doses in lieu of whole body irradiation in bone marrow transplantation.

busulfan

Busilvex (UK), Busulfex, Myleran

Pharmacologic class: Alkylating agent

Therapeutic class: Antineoplastic

Pregnancy risk category D

FDA Box Warning

• Drug causes profound myelosuppression at recommended dosage. Give under supervision of physician experienced in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, cancer chemotherapy, and management of severe pancytopenia, in facility with adequate diagnostic and treatment resources.

Action

Unclear. Thought to interfere with bacterial cell-wall synthesis by cross-linking strands of DNA and disrupting RNA transcription, which causes cell to rupture and die. Exhibits minimal immunosuppressant activity.

Availability

Injection: 6 mg/ml in 10-ml ampules

Tablets: 2 mg

Indications and dosages

➣ Chronic myelogenous leukemia

Adults: 4 to 8 mg P.O. daily until white blood cell (WBC) count decreases to 15,000/mm³; then discontinue drug until WBC count rises to 50,000/mm³, and then resume as needed.

Children: 0.06 to 0.12 mg/kg/day P.O. or 1.8 to 4.6 mg/m²/day P.O. Adjust dosage to maintain WBC count at approximately 20,000/mm³. Drug should be withheld when WBC count decreases to approximately 15,000/mm³.

➣ Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Adults: 0.8 mg/kg I.V. q 6 hours for 4 days. Starting 6 hours after 16th dose of busulfan injection, give cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg/day I.V. over 1 hour for 2 days.

Off-label uses

• Adjunctive therapy in ovarian cancer

• Bone marrow transplantation

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to drug

• Patients not definitively diagnosed with chronic myelogenous leukemia

• Pregnancy or breastfeeding

Precautions

Use cautiously in:

• active infections, decreased bone marrow reserve, chronic debilitating disease, depressed neutrophil and platelet counts, seizure disorders, obesity

• patients receiving concurrent myelosuppressive or radiation therapy

• females of childbearing age.

Administration

• Give oral doses on empty stomach.

• When administering I.V., withdraw dose from ampule using 5-micron filter needle. Remove filter needle and use new needle to add busulfan to diluent.

• Dilute for injection using dextrose 5% in water or normal saline solution.

• Infuse I.V. dose over 2 hours, using an infusion pump.

• Flush I.V. catheter before and after each infusion with 5 ml D₅W or normal saline solution.

See Be aware that drug is highly toxic and has a narrow therapeutic index.

• Maintain vigorous hydration to reduce risk of renal toxicity.

• Handle patient gently to avoid bruising.

Adverse reactions

CNS: anxiety, confusion, depression, dizziness, headache, insomnia, weakness, encephalopathy, seizures, cerebral hemorrhage, coma

CV: chest pain, hypotension, hypertension, tachycardia, ECG changes, heart block, left-sided heart failure, thrombosis, pericardial effusion, ventricular extrasystole, atrial fibrillation, arrhythmias, cardiac tamponade, cardiomegaly

EENT: cataracts, ear disorders, epistaxis, pharyngitis

GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, abdominal enlargement, pancreatitis, hematemesis, dry mouth, stomatitis, anorexia

GU: dysuria, hematuria, sterility, gyne-comastia, oliguria

Hematologic: febrile neutropenia, thrombotic microangiopathy, profound myelosuppression

Hepatic: hepatitis, hepatomegaly

Metabolic: hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia

Musculoskeletal: arthralgia, myalgia, back pain

Respiratory: hyperventilation, dyspnea, pulmonary fibrosis

Skin: pruritus, rash, acne, alopecia, erythema nodosum, exfoliative dermatitis, hyperpigmentation

Other: allergic reactions, chills, fever, injection site infection or inflammation; severe bacterial, viral, fungal infections; sepsis; tumor lysis syndrome

Interactions

Drug-drug. Anticoagulants, aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: increased risk of bleeding

Live-virus vaccines: decreased antibody response to vaccine, increased risk of adverse reactions

Myelosuppressants: additive bone marrow depression

Nephrotoxic and ototoxic drugs (such as aminoglycosides, loop diuretics): additive nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

Thioguanine: increased risk of hepatotoxicity

Drug-diagnostic tests. Alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, nitrogenous compounds (urea): increased levels

Hemoglobin, WBCs: decreased values

Patient monitoring

• Monitor patient closely for adequate hydration.

• Check for signs and symptoms of local or systemic infections.

• Assess for bleeding and excessive bruising.

• Evaluate oral hygiene regularly.

• Monitor CBC and WBC and platelet counts daily if patient is receiving I.V. busulfan.

• Monitor renal and hepatic function.

See Know that diffuse pulmonary fibrosis ("busulfan lung") is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication, with symptom onset as late as 10 years after therapy.

Patient teaching

• Inform patient that drug doesn't cure leukemia but may induce remission.

• Advise patient to drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration.

See Instruct patient to immediately report inability to eat or drink. Prescriber may add another drug to improve appetite.

• Inform patient that he's at increased risk for infection. Advise him to avoid contact with people with known infections and to avoid public transportation, if possible.

• Tell patient he's at increased risk for bleeding and bruising.

• Advise patient to avoid activities that can cause injury and to use soft toothbrush and electric razor to avoid gum and skin injury.

• Inform patient that he'll undergo frequent blood testing to monitor drug effects.

• As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs and tests mentioned above.

busulfan

(byo͞o-sŭl′fən)n. An alkylating agent, C₆H₁₄O₆S₂, that is used as an antineoplastic drug in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia.

busulfan

An alkyl sulphonate, the sole antineoplastic activity of which is myelosuppression. At low doses, it suppresses granulocytopoiesis; at higher doses, it evokes pancytopenia. Bulsulfan was the standard therapy for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) until imatinib was developed for oncological therapy.

Indications
CML.

Adverse effects
Marrow suppression, pulmonary fibrosis, seizures, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, wasting syndrome, thrombocytopaenia.
Response rate
85–90%

busulfan

BU, Myleran^® Oncology An alkyl sulfonate, the sole antineoplastic activity of which is myelosuppression; at low doses, it suppresses granulocytopoiesis; at higher doses, evokes pancytopenia Indications CML Toxicity Confined to BM Response rate 85–90%

单词	busulfan
释义	busulfan enUK bu·sul·fan B0576600 (byo͞o-sŭl′fən)n. An alkylating agent, C₆H₁₄O₆S₂, that is used as an antineoplastic drug in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. [bu(tane) + alteration of sulfon(ate).] busulfan (bjuːˈsʌlfæn) na drug used to treat cancer Translations busulfan enUK busulfan [‚byü′səl·fən] (pharmacology) CH₃SO₂O(CH₂)₄OSO₂CH₃ Crystals with a melting point of 114-118°C; soluble in acetone at 25°C; used as an antineoplastic drug. busulfan enUK busulfan [bu-sul´fan] an alkylating agent that acts selectively on the bone marrow, depressing granulocyte formation, and is therefore used in the treatment of leukemias" >myelogenous leukemias. It is also used for the treatment of myeloproliferative disorders, including polycythemia vera and metaplasia" >myeloid metaplasia. Administered orally or intravenously. Side effects include nausea and vomiting, and heavy doses may lead to excessive bone marrow depression. Complete blood counts (including platelet counts) must be done frequently while the drug is being administered and are used as a guide to dosage and effects on bone marrow production. Because of its effects on bone marrow, it is used at high doses in lieu of whole body irradiation in bone marrow transplantation. busulfan Busilvex (UK), Busulfex, Myleran *Pharmacologic class:* Alkylating agent *Therapeutic class:* Antineoplastic *Pregnancy risk category D* FDA Box Warning • Drug causes profound myelosuppression at recommended dosage. Give under supervision of physician experienced in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, cancer chemotherapy, and management of severe pancytopenia, in facility with adequate diagnostic and treatment resources. Action Unclear. Thought to interfere with bacterial cell-wall synthesis by cross-linking strands of DNA and disrupting RNA transcription, which causes cell to rupture and die. Exhibits minimal immunosuppressant activity. Availability Injection: 6 mg/ml in 10-ml ampules Tablets: 2 mg Indications and dosages ➣ Chronic myelogenous leukemia Adults: 4 to 8 mg P.O. daily until white blood cell (WBC) count decreases to 15,000/mm³; then discontinue drug until WBC count rises to 50,000/mm³, and then resume as needed. Children: 0.06 to 0.12 mg/kg/day P.O. or 1.8 to 4.6 mg/m²/day P.O. Adjust dosage to maintain WBC count at approximately 20,000/mm³. Drug should be withheld when WBC count decreases to approximately 15,000/mm³. ➣ Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Adults: 0.8 mg/kg I.V. q 6 hours for 4 days. Starting 6 hours after 16th dose of busulfan injection, give cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg/day I.V. over 1 hour for 2 days. Off-label uses • Adjunctive therapy in ovarian cancer • Bone marrow transplantation Contraindications • Hypersensitivity to drug • Patients not definitively diagnosed with chronic myelogenous leukemia • Pregnancy or breastfeeding Precautions Use cautiously in: • active infections, decreased bone marrow reserve, chronic debilitating disease, depressed neutrophil and platelet counts, seizure disorders, obesity • patients receiving concurrent myelosuppressive or radiation therapy • females of childbearing age. Administration • Give oral doses on empty stomach. • When administering I.V., withdraw dose from ampule using 5-micron filter needle. Remove filter needle and use new needle to add busulfan to diluent. • Dilute for injection using dextrose 5% in water or normal saline solution. • Infuse I.V. dose over 2 hours, using an infusion pump. • Flush I.V. catheter before and after each infusion with 5 ml D₅W or normal saline solution. See Be aware that drug is highly toxic and has a narrow therapeutic index. • Maintain vigorous hydration to reduce risk of renal toxicity. • Handle patient gently to avoid bruising. Adverse reactions CNS: anxiety, confusion, depression, dizziness, headache, insomnia, weakness, encephalopathy, seizures, cerebral hemorrhage, coma CV: chest pain, hypotension, hypertension, tachycardia, ECG changes, heart block, left-sided heart failure, thrombosis, pericardial effusion, ventricular extrasystole, atrial fibrillation, arrhythmias, cardiac tamponade, cardiomegaly EENT: cataracts, ear disorders, epistaxis, pharyngitis GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, abdominal enlargement, pancreatitis, hematemesis, dry mouth, stomatitis, anorexia GU: dysuria, hematuria, sterility, gyne-comastia, oliguria Hematologic: febrile neutropenia, thrombotic microangiopathy, profound myelosuppression Hepatic: hepatitis, hepatomegaly Metabolic: hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia Musculoskeletal: arthralgia, myalgia, back pain Respiratory: hyperventilation, dyspnea, pulmonary fibrosis Skin: pruritus, rash, acne, alopecia, erythema nodosum, exfoliative dermatitis, hyperpigmentation Other: allergic reactions, chills, fever, injection site infection or inflammation; severe bacterial, viral, fungal infections; sepsis; tumor lysis syndrome Interactions Drug-drug. Anticoagulants, aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: increased risk of bleeding Live-virus vaccines: decreased antibody response to vaccine, increased risk of adverse reactions Myelosuppressants: additive bone marrow depression Nephrotoxic and ototoxic drugs (such as aminoglycosides, loop diuretics): additive nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity Thioguanine: increased risk of hepatotoxicity Drug-diagnostic tests. Alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, nitrogenous compounds (urea): increased levels Hemoglobin, WBCs: decreased values Patient monitoring • Monitor patient closely for adequate hydration. • Check for signs and symptoms of local or systemic infections. • Assess for bleeding and excessive bruising. • Evaluate oral hygiene regularly. • Monitor CBC and WBC and platelet counts daily if patient is receiving I.V. busulfan. • Monitor renal and hepatic function. See Know that diffuse pulmonary fibrosis ("busulfan lung") is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication, with symptom onset as late as 10 years after therapy. Patient teaching • Inform patient that drug doesn't cure leukemia but may induce remission. • Advise patient to drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration. See Instruct patient to immediately report inability to eat or drink. Prescriber may add another drug to improve appetite. • Inform patient that he's at increased risk for infection. Advise him to avoid contact with people with known infections and to avoid public transportation, if possible. • Tell patient he's at increased risk for bleeding and bruising. • Advise patient to avoid activities that can cause injury and to use soft toothbrush and electric razor to avoid gum and skin injury. • Inform patient that he'll undergo frequent blood testing to monitor drug effects. • As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs and tests mentioned above. busulfan (byo͞o-sŭl′fən)n. An alkylating agent, C₆H₁₄O₆S₂, that is used as an antineoplastic drug in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. busulfan An alkyl sulphonate, the sole antineoplastic activity of which is myelosuppression. At low doses, it suppresses granulocytopoiesis; at higher doses, it evokes pancytopenia. Bulsulfan was the standard therapy for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) until imatinib was developed for oncological therapy. Indications CML. Adverse effects Marrow suppression, pulmonary fibrosis, seizures, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, wasting syndrome, thrombocytopaenia. Response rate 85–90% busulfan BU, Myleran^® Oncology An alkyl sulfonate, the sole antineoplastic activity of which is myelosuppression; at low doses, it suppresses granulocytopoiesis; at higher doses, evokes pancytopenia Indications CML Toxicity Confined to BM Response rate 85–90% FinancialSeeBu
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busulfan

bu·sul·fan

busulfan

busulfan

busulfan

busulfan

busulfan

busulfan

FDA Box Warning

Action

Availability

Indications and dosages

Off-label uses

Contraindications

Precautions

Administration

Adverse reactions

Interactions

Patient monitoring

Patient teaching

busulfan

busulfan

busulfan