| 释义 |
DictionarySeesplintanchor splint
splint [splint] 1. a rigid or flexible appliance for fixation of displaced or movable parts; see also orthosis.2. to supply support for the purpose of immobilizing an injured or displaced body part.
Uses. Splints are most commonly used to immobilize broken bones or dislocated joints. When a broken bone has been properly set, a splint permits complete rest at the site of the fracture and thus allows natural healing to take place with the bone in the proper position. Splints are also necessary to immobilize unset fractures when a patient is moved after an accident; they prevent motion of the fractured bone, which might cause greater damage.
In a pelvic or spinal fracture, the effect of splinting is achieved by placing the patient on a stretcher or board. Breaks of the ribs and of face and skull bones usually do not require the use of splints, since these parts are naturally splinted by adjacent bone and tissue.Making and Applying Splints. A splint can be improvised from a variety of materials, but should usually be light, straight, and rigid. It should be long enough to extend beyond the joint above the injury and below the fracture site. A board used as a splint should be at least as wide as the injured part. Tightly rolled newspapers or magazines can be used to splint the arm or lower leg. Ice cream sticks have been used as splints for broken fingers.
Splints should be padded, at least on one side. Thick soft padding permits the injured part to swell and reduces interference with circulation. Bandages or strips of cloth or adhesive tape are used to hold splints in place. Pulses distal to the injury should be checked before and after splinting to determine whether the blood supply has been impaired. If the limb becomes cold, pale, or blue, or if the affected part becomes too painful, the splint should be loosened. Splints should never be tight.Internal Splints. Internal splints, as well as pins, wires, and other devices for the fixation of fractures, are among the more spectacular advances in orthopedics. They have worked wonders in the setting of hip fractures, especially in older people. Internal splints are available for almost every type of fracture. Stainless steel, titanium, and Vitallium are the most commonly used materials. Splints and devices of this type require surgery for insertion, but are less cumbersome than external splints and permit earlier use of the fractured bone. Types of splints. From Lammon et al., 1996.airplane splint one that holds the splinted limb suspended in the air.anchor splint one for fracture of the jaw, with metal loops fitting over the teeth and held together by a rod.Balkan splint Balkan frame.coaptation s's small splints adjusted about a fractured limb to produce coaptation of fragments.Denis Browne splint a splint for the correction of clubfoot" >clubfoot, consisting of two metal footplates connected by a crossbar.dynamic splint a supportive or protective apparatus that aids in initiation and performance of motion by the supported or adjacent parts.flexion splint tenodesis splint.functional splint dynamic splint.shin s's strain of the long flexor muscle of the toes, occurring in athletes and marked by pain along the tibia.Taylor splint a horizontal pelvic band and long lateral posterior bars; used to apply traction to the lower limb.tenodesis splint an orthosis that allows pinch and grasp movements through the wrist extensors.Thomas splint two iron rods joined at the upper end by an oval iron ring or half-ring, and bent at the lower end to form a W shape; used to give support to the lower limb and remove the weight of the body from the knee joint by transferring it to the pelvis.an·chor splinta splint used to set a fractured jaw, with wires around the teeth and a rod to hold it in place.an·chor splint (ang'kŏr splint) An apparatus used to support and immobilize a fractured jaw; wire loops are fitted around the teeth and an external rod is used to hold the device in place. an·chor splint (ang'kŏr splint) Splint used to set a fractured jaw, with wires around the teeth and a rod to hold it in place. |