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单词 dose
释义

dose


dose

D0349400 (dōs)n.1. a. A specified quantity of a therapeutic agent, such as medicine, prescribed to be taken at one time or at stated intervals.b. The amount of radiation administered as therapy to a given site.2. An ingredient added, especially to wine, to impart flavor or strength.3. An amount, especially of something unpleasant, to which one is subjected: a dose of hard luck.4. Slang A venereal infection.tr.v. dosed, dos·ing, dos·es 1. To give (someone) a dose, as of medicine.2. To give or prescribe (medicine) in specified amounts.
[French, from Late Latin dosis, from Greek, something given, from didonai, to give; see dō- in Indo-European roots.]
dos′er n.

dose

(dəʊs) n1. (Pharmacology) med a specific quantity of a therapeutic drug or agent taken at any one time or at specified intervals2. informal something unpleasant to experience: a dose of influenza. 3. (General Physics) Also called: dosage the total energy of ionizing radiation absorbed by unit mass of material, esp of living tissue; usually measured in grays (SI unit) or rads4. (Brewing) Also called: dosage a small amount of syrup added to wine, esp sparkling wine, when the sediment is removed and the bottle is corked5. (Pathology) slang a venereal infection, esp gonorrhoea6. like a dose of salts very quickly indeedvb (tr) 7. (Medicine) to administer a dose or doses to (someone)8. (Pharmacology) med to give (a therapeutic drug or agent) in appropriate quantities9. (Pharmacology) (often foll by up) to give (someone, esp oneself) drugs, medicine, etc, esp in large quantities10. (Brewing) to add syrup to (wine) during bottling[C15: from French, from Late Latin dosis, from Greek: a giving, from didonai to give] ˈdoser n

dose

(doʊs)

n., v. dosed, dos•ing. n. 1. a quantity of medicine prescribed to be taken at one time. 2. an intense and often disagreeable experience: a dose of bad luck. 3. an amount of sugar solution added in the production of sparkling wine. 4. the amount of radiation to which something has been exposed or the amount that has been absorbed by a given mass of material, esp. living tissue. 5. Slang. a case of gonorrhea. v.t. 6. to give a dose of medicine to. 7. to administer in doses. 8. to add sugar to (wine) during production. v.i. 9. to take a dose of medicine. [1590–1600; earlier dos < Late Latin dosis < Greek dósis act of giving, dose =(di)dó(nai) to give + -sis -sis] dos′er, n.

dose


Past participle: dosed
Gerund: dosing
Imperative
dose
dose
Present
I dose
you dose
he/she/it doses
we dose
you dose
they dose
Preterite
I dosed
you dosed
he/she/it dosed
we dosed
you dosed
they dosed
Present Continuous
I am dosing
you are dosing
he/she/it is dosing
we are dosing
you are dosing
they are dosing
Present Perfect
I have dosed
you have dosed
he/she/it has dosed
we have dosed
you have dosed
they have dosed
Past Continuous
I was dosing
you were dosing
he/she/it was dosing
we were dosing
you were dosing
they were dosing
Past Perfect
I had dosed
you had dosed
he/she/it had dosed
we had dosed
you had dosed
they had dosed
Future
I will dose
you will dose
he/she/it will dose
we will dose
you will dose
they will dose
Future Perfect
I will have dosed
you will have dosed
he/she/it will have dosed
we will have dosed
you will have dosed
they will have dosed
Future Continuous
I will be dosing
you will be dosing
he/she/it will be dosing
we will be dosing
you will be dosing
they will be dosing
Present Perfect Continuous
I have been dosing
you have been dosing
he/she/it has been dosing
we have been dosing
you have been dosing
they have been dosing
Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been dosing
you will have been dosing
he/she/it will have been dosing
we will have been dosing
you will have been dosing
they will have been dosing
Past Perfect Continuous
I had been dosing
you had been dosing
he/she/it had been dosing
we had been dosing
you had been dosing
they had been dosing
Conditional
I would dose
you would dose
he/she/it would dose
we would dose
you would dose
they would dose
Past Conditional
I would have dosed
you would have dosed
he/she/it would have dosed
we would have dosed
you would have dosed
they would have dosed
Thesaurus
Noun1.dose - a measured portion of medicine taken at any one timedose - a measured portion of medicine taken at any one timedosagebooster dose, booster shot, recall dose, booster - an additional dose that makes sure the first dose was effectivedraught, draft - a dose of liquid medicine; "he took a sleeping draft"hit - a dose of a narcotic druglethal dose - the size dose that will cause deathmedicament, medication, medicinal drug, medicine - (medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of diseaselozenge, pill, tablet, tab - a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet
2.dose - the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one timedose - the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one timedosageindefinite quantity - an estimated quantity
3.dose - a communicable infection transmitted by sexual intercourse or genital contactCupid's disease, Cupid's itch, sexually transmitted disease, social disease, STD, VD, venereal disease, venereal infection, Venus's cursecontagion, contagious disease - any disease easily transmitted by contactgenital herpes, herpes genitalis - an infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) that is usually transmitted by sexual contact; marked by recurrent attacks of painful eruptions on the skin and mucous membranes of the genital areagonorrhea, gonorrhoea, clap - a common venereal disease caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae; symptoms are painful urination and pain around the urethragranuloma inguinale, granuloma venereum - a venereal disease caused by a bacterium of the genus Calymmatobacterium; characterized by a pimply rash of the skin in the genital and groin regionlues, lues venerea, pox, syph, syphilis - a common venereal disease caused by the treponema pallidum spirochete; symptoms change through progressive stages; can be congenital (transmitted through the placenta)LGV, lymphogranuloma venereum, lymphopathia venereum - infectious disease caused by a species of chlamydia bacterium; transmitted by sexual contact; characterized by genital lesions and swelling of lymph nodes in the groinchlamydia - a sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria of the genus Chlamydia
4.dose - street name for lysergic acid diethylamidedose - street name for lysergic acid diethylamideElvis, loony toons, Lucy in the sky with diamonds, back breaker, battery-acid, window pane, acid, superman, pane, Zen, dotLSD, lysergic acid diethylamide - a powerful hallucinogenic drug manufactured from lysergic acid
Verb1.dose - treat with an agent; add (an agent) to; "The ray dosed the paint"process, treat - subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition; "process cheese"; "process hair"; "treat the water so it can be drunk"; "treat the lawn with chemicals" ; "treat an oil spill"
2.dose - administer a drug to; "They drugged the kidnapped tourist"drugpractice of medicine, medicine - the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries; "he studied medicine at Harvard"anaesthetise, anaesthetize, anesthetise, anesthetize, put under, put out - administer an anesthetic drug to; "The patient must be anesthetized before the operation"; "anesthetize the gum before extracting the teeth"medicine, medicate - treat medicinally, treat with medicinedope up, dope - give a narcotic to; "The athletes were dope by the coach before the race"o.d., overdose - dose too heavily; "The rock star overdosed and was found dead in his hotel room"narcotise, narcotize - administer narcotics topoison - administer poison to; "She poisoned her husband but he did not die"

dose

noun1. measure, amount, allowance, portion, prescription, ration, draught, dosage, potion A dose of penicillin can wipe out infection.2. quantity, amount, lot, measure, supply, portion a healthy dose of self-confidence3. attack, spell, bout, stroke, burst, outbreak, flare-up, eruption I had a bad dose of flu.

dose

verbTo administer or add a drug to:drug, medicate, narcotize, opiate, physic.Informal: dope (up).
Translations
剂量给某人服药一段不愉快的遭遇

dose

(dəus) noun1. the quantity of medicine etc to be taken at one time. It's time you had a dose of your medicine. (藥的)劑量 （药的）剂量 2. an unpleasant thing (especially an illness) which one is forced to suffer. a nasty dose of flu. 一段不愉快的遭遇 (例如一場病) 一段不愉快的遭遇（特别指一场病） verb to give medicine to. She dosed him with aspirin. 給某人服藥 给某人服药ˈdosage (-sidʒ) noun the size of, or method of giving, a dose of medicine etc. What is the dosage for a child of five? 劑量 剂量

dose

→ 剂量zhCN

dose


a dose of (one's) own medicine

An experience of the same harmful or unpleasant thing that one has inflicted on others or an attack in the same manner in which one attacks others. John has gossiped about everyone in our group, so we gave him a dose of his own medicine by spreading rumors about him. The coup gave the dictatorship a dose of its own medicine, subjecting the dictator and his entourage to torture and confinement in deplorable conditions.See also: dose, medicine, of, own

those are the breaks

There is nothing we can do about the way things have unfolded, especially bad ones, so there is no reason to be upset about it; that's just the way things are. I'm pretty gutted about not getting into the grad school program I wanted, but hey, those are the breaks.See also: break, those

give (one) a taste of (one's) own medicine

To do the same harmful or unpleasant thing that one has inflicted on others or to attack in the same manner in which one attacks others. Bill is always excluding me from things, so I'm going to give him a taste of his own medicine and not invite him to my party. This team likes to play tough defense, so let's give them a taste of their own medicine and not give them any space to score.See also: give, medicine, of, own, taste

go (right) through (one) like a dose of salts

Of food, drink, or medicine, to be rapidly excreted from the body (as urine or feces) very soon after being ingested. A reference to the use of Epsom salts as a laxative. I try not to drink more than one cup of coffee, it just goes right through me like a dose of salts! I love Indian food, but I eat it so infrequently that when I do, it goes through me like a dose of salts.See also: dose, go, like, of, salt, through

give (one) a dose of (one's) own medicine

To do the same harmful or unpleasant thing that one has inflicted on others or to attack in the same manner in which one attacks others. Bill is always excluding me from things, so I'm going to give him a dose of his own medicine and not invite him to my party. This team likes to play tough defense, so let's give them a dose of their own medicine and not give them any space to score.See also: dose, give, medicine, of, own

in small doses

In only small increments or short periods of time. The book is incredibly dense, so I suggest reading it in small doses. John can be quite funny, but I can only handle him in small doses.See also: dose, small

go through

1. To physically travel through something. Once you go through this corridor, turn right.2. To be initially screened or handled by another person. All of my calls go through my secretary, and I never got a message that you called.3. To scrutinize something; to look at something very carefully. We need to go through these files with a fine-tooth comb to find that missing paperwork. Make sure to go through your thesis completely before you hand it in—you don't want your advisors wading through proofreading errors, do you?4. To do something that one had planned or promised, in spite of difficulties, hesitations, or a concerning outcome. Always followed by "with (something)." Are you sure you want to go through with this? If the investment doesn't pan out, you could lose everything. She still went through with her decision to start her own business, even though it meant sacrificing her lucrative career.5. To endure something unpleasant or difficult. I'm so sorry that you had to go through such a traumatic experience.6. Of food, to leave one's body as waste soon after being ingested. Is the bathroom free? Food like that just goes right through me.7. To penetrate something. If that rusty nail went through the skin, we better get you to the hospital.8. To rehearse or practice something. We need to go through our lines before we take the stage.9. To be approved. How long will it take our contract to go through?10. To deplete a supply of something. Wow, the kids went through all those cupcakes already?11. To be successfully transmitted and received, as of phone calls or emails. Are anyone's calls going through? I sent that email last night but it looks like it didn't go through.12. To continue to the next stage of something. If we win this round, we go through to the championship! I hope I go through to the next round of interviews.See also: go, through

go (right) through someone

 and go through someone like a dose of the saltsFig. [for something] to be excreted very soon after being eaten; [for something] to go immediately through the alimentary canal of a person. (Use with discretion.) No, thanks. This stuff just goes right through me. The coffee went through me like a dose of salts.See also: go, through

go through

to be approved; to succeed in getting through the approval process. I sent the board of directors a proposal. I hope it goes through. We all hope that the new law goes through.See also: go, through

go through someone

 1. Lit. to travel through someone's body; to go (right) through someone. That medicine went right through me. 2. Fig. to work through someone; to use someone as an intermediary. I can't give you the permission you seek. You will have to go through our main office. I have to go through the treasurer for all expenditures.See also: go, through

go through someone or something

[for something sharp] to penetrate someone or something. The sword went through the knight cleanly and quickly. The nail went through all three boards.See also: go, through

go through something

 1. to search through something. She went through his pants pockets, looking for his wallet. He spent quite a while going through his desk, looking for the papers. 2. to use up all of something rapidly. We have gone through all the aspirin again! How can you go throughyour allowance so fast? 3. [for something] to pass through an opening. The piano wouldn't go through the door. Do you think that such a big truck can go through the tunnel under the river? 4. to pass through various stages or processes. The pickles went through a number of processes before they were packed. Johnny is going through a phase where he wants everything his way. 5. to work through something, such as an explanation or story. I went through my story again, carefully and in great detail. I would like to go through it again, so I can be sure to understand it. 6. to experience or endure something. You can't believe what I've gone through. Mary has gone through a lot lately. 7. to rehearse something; to practice something for performance. They went through the second act a number of times. We need to go through the whole play a few more times.See also: go, through

*a taste of one's own medicine

 and *a dose of one's own medicineFig. a sample of the unpleasantness that one has been giving other people. (Typically: get ~; have ~; give someone ~.) Now you see how it feels to have someone call you names! You are getting a taste of your own medicine! John, who is often rude and abrupt with people, was devastated when the teacher treated him rudely. He doesn't like having a dose of his own medicine.See also: medicine, of, own, taste

dose of one's own medicine

Also, taste of one's own medicine. Repayment or retaliation, as in It's time we gave them a dose of their own medicine and simply forget to call them back , or Joe was upset at being left out, but they were just giving him a taste of his own medicine . [Late 1800s] See also: dose, medicine, of, own

go through

1. Examine carefully, as in I went through all the students' papers. [Mid-1600s] 2. Experience, undergo, suffer, as in We went through hell trying to find an answer. [Early 1700s] 3. Perform; also, rehearse for performance. For example, I went through the sonata in ten minutes, or Let's go through the third act again. [Mid-1700s] 4. Use up, complete, as in The children went through all the milk we bought in one day. [Mid-1900s] 5. Succeed, be approved, as in I'm sure this new deal will go through. [Late 1800s] 6. go through with. Complete, carry out, as in They got engaged last year, but I'm not sure they'll go through with the wedding. [Mid-1500s] See also: go, through

go through one

1. Use as an intermediary, as in Bob can't release that; you'll have to go through the main office. Also see go through channels. 2. Also, go right through one (like a dose of salts). Be rapidly excreted without being digested. For example, I don't know why, but Thai cooking goes right through me, or That banana drink went through Dad like a dose of salts. See also: go, one, through

in small doses

COMMON If you do something, experience something or spend time with someone in small doses, you do it, experience it, or spend time with them in small amounts or for short periods of time. I liked him in small doses. He may be right to assume most Germans favour reform only in small doses.See also: dose, small

give someone a taste of their own medicine

or

give someone a dose of their own medicine

If you give someone a taste of their own medicine or a dose of their own medicine, you treat them badly in the same way that they treated you. The famously aggressive interviewer was given a taste of his own medicine today when one caller asked him a series of very direct questions. I haven't called him for over a week. Giving him a dose of his own medicine — see how he likes it.See also: give, medicine, of, own, someone, taste

in small doses

experienced or engaged in a little at a time. 1994 American Spectator In small doses, ironical detachment is as necessary for getting along in life as…any of the other human qualities. See also: dose, small

like a dose of salts

very fast and efficiently. British informal The salts referred to in this expression are laxatives. 1991 Peter Carey The Tax Inspector She's going to go through your old man like a dose of salts. See also: dose, like, of, salt

a dose (or taste) of your own medicine

the same bad treatment that you have given to others. The idea of taking or receiving your own medicine has been in metaphorical use since the mid 19th century. 1994 Eoin McNamee Resurrection Man Every time you turn on the telly there's some politician talking the mouth off himself, dose of their own medicine's what they want. See also: dose, medicine, of, own

like a dose of ˈsalts

(old-fashioned, British English, informal) very fast and easily: We’ll go through this house like a dose of salts, cleaning it from top to bottom. Salts in this phrase are laxatives (= medicine that makes you go to the toilet).See also: dose, like, of, salt

give somebody a taste/dose of their own ˈmedicine

treat somebody in the same unpleasant, unkind, rude, etc. way that they have treated you: Give her a dose of her own medicine and make her wait for you. Then maybe she won’t be so slow next time.See also: dose, give, medicine, of, own, somebody, taste

go through

v.1. To move or proceed into or within something, especially completely or from one side to the other: We turned on our headlights when we went through the tunnel. The ink went through the paper and stained the table. The larger fish got caught in the net, but the smaller fish went right through. We went through the field gathering flowers.2. To form a path within something, especially completely or from one side to the other: The tunnel goes through the mountain. Only one path goes through this forest.3. To send a message or signal successfully: My telephone calls aren't going through. I sent two e-mails, but neither went through.4. To use someone or something as an intermediary for interacting or communicating: All of our customers' orders go through our sales department. Don't buy a car from them—go through a reputable dealer. If you need to contact me, go through my office.5. To proceed to the next stage of a process or event: The winner of this match will go through to the finals.6. To be accepted or enacted after going through an approval procedure. Used of proposals: If the new law goes through, we won't be able to park on that side of the street anymore.7. To examine each of some set of things: I went through the students' papers, looking for the best one. Someone has been going through my mail without permission.8. To review or search something completely: The lawyer went through the documents but couldn't find any useful information. I went through the drawer trying to find the earring I lost.9. To experience something, especially something negative: We went through some tough times when my father lost his job. All our products go through months of testing. They went through a lot to get you that gift, so you'd better thank them.10. To perform something from start to finish: The violinist went through the sonata in 30 minutes. Let's go through the dance from the beginning.11. To use something until there is no more of it remaining; use something up: I went through an entire pack of cigarettes in two hours. My dogs go through two bags of food a week.12. go through with To finish something, especially something difficult or which one does not want to do: We intended to eat the rabbit once it got big enough, but after the children gave it a name, we just couldn't go through with it. I decided not to go through with the surgery after I discovered how dangerous it was.See also: go, through

go through someone like a dose of (the) salts

in. to move through someone’s digestive tract like a strong laxative. That stuff they served last night went through me like a dose of salts. See also: dose, go, like, of, salt, someone, through

go through someone like a dose of salts

verbSee go through someone like a dose of the saltsSee also: dose, go, like, of, salt, someone, through

own medicine, a dose/taste of one's

Repayment in kind; tit for tat. Although the idea is hardly new, the medicinal metaphor dates only from the late nineteenth century. V. Perdue used it in The Singing Clock (1941): “It was only fair for them to get a taste of their own medicine.”See also: dose, of, own, taste

dose


dose

1. Med a specific quantity of a therapeutic drug or agent taken at any one time or at specified intervals 2. Physics the total energy of ionizing radiation absorbed by unit mass of material, esp of living tissue; usually measured in grays (SI unit) or rads 3. a small amount of syrup added to wine, esp sparkling wine, when the sediment is removed and the bottle is corked

Dose

 

the energy of ionizing radiation absorbed by a unit of mass of irradiated matter (the absorbed dose Da). The absorbed energy is expended in the heating and the chemical and physical transformation of matter. The magnitude of the dose depends on the type of radiation (for example, X-ray or neutron flux), the energy of its particles, the density of their flux, and the composition of the irradiated matter. All other things being equal, the longer the time of irradiation, the greater the dose. Thus, doses accumulate with time. The dose per unit time is called the dose rate.

The dependence of dose magnitude on the energy of the particles, their flux density, and the composition of the irradiated matter is different for different types of radiation. For example, the dose for X- and y-radiation depends on the atomic numbers (Z) of the elements that make up the matter; the character of this relationship is determined by the photon energy (hv; h being Planck’s constant and v, the electromagnetic oscillation frequency). For these types of radiation the dose is greater in heavy substances than in light ones (under identical conditions of irradiation). Neutrons interact with atomic nuclei; the character of that interaction depends substantially on the energy of the neutrons. If elastic collisions of neutrons and nuclei occur, the average quantity of energy transferred to the nucleus in one interaction is greater for nuclei of lower weight. In this case (under identical conditions of irradiation) the absorbed dose in a substance of lower weight will be higher than that in a substance of greater weight. Other types of ionizing radiation have their own characteristics of interaction with matter, which determine the dependence of dose on the energy of radiation and on the composition of the matter. The absorbed dose in the International System of Units (SI) is measured in joules (J) per kilogram. The rad, a subsidiary unit, is widely used: 1 rad = 102 J/kg = 100 ergs/g. Dose rate is measured in rads per sec, rads per hour, and so on.

In addition to the absorbed dose there are the concepts of the exposure dose and the dose equivalent. The exposure dose, a measure of the ionization of air under the action of Xand y-radiation, is measured by the number of charges formed. Coulombs per kg is the unit of exposure dose in the system. An exposure dose of 1 coulomb per kg means that the total charge of all ions of the same sign formed in one kilogram of air is equal to one coulomb. The roentgen is a subsidiary that is widely used for exposure dose; 1 roentgen = 2.57976 x 10-4 coulombs per kg, which corresponds to the formation of 2.08 x 109 pairs of ions in 1 cu cm of air (at 0°C and 760 mm mercury). In order to create that number of ions it is necessary to expend energy equal to 0.114 ergs per cu cm, or 88 ergs per g. Thus, 88 ergs per g is the energy equivalent of the roentgen. The absorbed dose of X-radiation or y radiation in any substance can be calculated from the magnitude of the exposure dose. In order to do this it is necessary to know the composition of the substance and the photon energy.

When living organisms (in particular, man) are irradiated, biological effects arise whose magnitude determines the degree of radiation danger. For any given form of radiation the observed radiation effects are in many cases proportional to the absorbed energy; however, for identical absorbed doses in body tissues the biological effect turns out to be different for different types of radiation. Consequently, knowledge of the magnitude of an absorbed dose is insufficient for evaluation of the degree of radiation danger. Conventionally, the biological effects produced by any ionizing radiation are compared with the biological effects produced by X-radiation and -Σ-radiation. The figure that indicates how many times higher the radiation danger is for a given form of radiation than the danger from X-radiation, given the identical absorbed dose in the body tissues, is called the quality factor (K). The concept of relative biological effectiveness is used to compare radiation effects in radiobiological research. K = 1 for X-radiation and γ-radiation. For all other ionizing radiation the quality factor is established on the basis of radiobiological data. The quality factor may be different for different energies of the same type of radiation. For example, for thermal neutrons, K=3’, for neutrons with an energy of 0.5 MeV, K=l0. The dose equivalent De is defined as the product of the absorbed dose Da and the quality factor K; De= DJK. The coefficient K is a dimensionless quantity, and the dose equivalent can be measured in the same units as the absorbed dose. There is, however, a special unit of dose equivalent called the rem (roentgen-equivalent-man). A dose equivalent of 1 rem is numerically equal to an absorbed dose of 1 rad multiplied by the quality factor K.

Thus, the radiation danger to which a human being is subjected under any form of radiation corresponds to the same magnitude of dose equivalent. Natural sources of ionizing radiation (cosmic rays, the natural radioactivity of soil, water, air, and the human body) produce an average equivalent dose rate of 125 millirems per year. A dose equivalent of 400-500 rems received in a short time during irradiation of the whole body may, without special treatment, lead to death. However, the same dose equivalent received evenly during the course of one’s life leads to no perceptible changes. A dose equivalent of 5 rems per year is considered the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) in occupational irradiation.

The minimum dose of γ-radiation that will suppress the reproductive capacity of certain cells after a single irradiation is 5 rems. Inceptive changes in the blood are observed with prolonged daily doses of 0.02-0.05 rems, tumor formation, with 0.11 rems. The long-term consequences of irradiation are judged according to the increase in the frequency of mutation in the offspring. The dosage that will double the frequency of spontaneous mutation in man probably does not exceed 100 rems per generation. With local irradiation—that is, for the purpose of treating malignant tumors—high doses (6,000-10,000 rems in three or four weeks) of X-radiation or γ-radiation are used (carefully shielding the rest of the body).

Radiobiology distinguishes the following doses that lead sooner or later to death in animals: a dose that causes the death of 50 percent of the animals in 30 days (a lethal dose— LD30/50) with single-exposure unilateral X-radiation or γ-radiation is 300 rems for guinea pigs and 1,000 rems for rabbits; the minimum absolute lethal dose (MALD) with general γ-radiation is approximately 600 rems for man. With increases in dosage, the survival time is reduced to 2.8-3.5 days; further increases in dosage do not change that period. Only doses higher than 10,000-20,000 rems shorten the survival time to one day, and with subsequent irradiation, to a few hours. With a dose of 15,000-25,000 rems, cases of “death under the ray” are noted. Particular forms of radiation injury correspond to each dosage range. A number of invertebrate animals, plants, and microorganisms have considerably lower sensitivity.

Dosimeters are used in measuring radiation doses in order to predict radiation effects.

REFERENCES

GOST 8848-63: Edinitsy radioaktivnosti i ioniziruiushchikh izluchenii. Moscow, 1964.
GOST 12631-67. Koeffitsient kachestva ioniziruiushchikh izluchenii. Moscow, 1967.
Ivanov, V. I. Kurs dozimetrii, 2nd ed. Moscow, 1970.
Golubev, B. P. Dozimetriia i zashchita ot ioniziruiushchikh izluchenii, 2nd ed. Moscow, 1971.

V. I. IVANOV and N. G. DARENSKAIA

dose

[dōs] (medicine) The measure, expressed in number of roentgens, of a property of x-rays at a particular place; used in radiology. dosage (nucleonics) absorbed dose
See dose

dose


dose

 [dōs] the quantity to be administered at one time, as a specified amount of medication or a given quantity of radiation.absorbed dose that amount of energy from ionizing radiations absorbed per unit mass of matter, expressed in rads.air dose the intensity of an x-ray or gamma-ray beam in air, expressed in roentgens.booster dose an amount of immunogen (vaccine, toxoid, or other antigen preparation), usually smaller than the original amount, injected at an appropriate interval after primary immunization to sustain the immune response to that immunogen.curative dose (CD) a dose that is sufficient to restore normal health. See also median curative dose.divided dose fractionated dose. effective dose (ED) that quantity of a drug that will produce the effects for which it is administered. See also median effective dose.erythema dose that amount of radiation" >radiation that, when applied to the skin, causes erythema" >erythema (temporary reddening).fatal dose lethal dose.fractionated dose a fraction of the total dose prescribed, as of chemotherapy or radiation therapy, to be given at intervals, usually during a 24-hour period.infective dose (ID) that amount of a pathogenic agent that will cause infection in susceptible subjects. See also median infective dose and tissue culture infective dose.lethal dose (LD) that quantity of an agent that will or may be sufficient to cause death. See also median lethal dose and minimum lethal dose.loading dose a dose of medication, often larger than subsequent doses, administered for the purpose of establishing a therapeutic level of the medication.maintenance dose the amount of a medication administered to maintain a desired level of the medication in the blood.maximum tolerated dose tolerance dose.maximum permissible dose the largest amount of ionizing radiation that one may safely receive within a specified period according to recommended limits in current radiation protection guides. The specific amounts vary with age and circumstance.median curative dose (CD50) a dose that abolishes symptoms in 50 per cent of test subjects.median effective dose (ED50) a dose that produces the desired effect in 50 per cent of a population.median infective dose (ID50) that amount of pathogenic microorganisms that will produce demonstrable infection in 50 per cent of the test subjects.median lethal dose (LD50) the quantity of an agent that will kill 50 per cent of the test subjects; in radiology, the amount of radiation that will kill, within a specified period, 50 per cent of individuals in a large group or population.median tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) that amount of a pathogenic agent that will produce infection in 50 per cent of cell cultures inoculated.minimum lethal dose 1. the amount of toxin that will just kill an experimental animal.2. the smallest quantity of diphtheria toxin that will kill a guinea pig of 250-gm weight in 4 to 5 days when injected subcutaneously.reference dose an estimate of the daily exposure to a substance for humans that is assumed to be without appreciable risk; it is calculated using the level" >no observed adverse effect level and is more conservative than the older margin of safety.skin dose (SD) 1. the air dose of radiation at the skin surface, comprising the primary radiation plus backscatter.2. the absorbed dose in the skin.threshold dose the minimum dose of ionizing radiation, a chemical, or a drug that will produce a detectable degree of any given effect.threshold erythema dose (TED) the single skin dose that will produce, in 80 per cent of those tested, a faint but definite erythema within 30 days, and in the other 20 per cent, no visible reaction.tissue culture infective dose (TCID) that amount of a pathogenic agent that will produce infection when inoculated on tissue cultures; used with a numeric qualifier.tolerance dose the largest quantity of an agent that may be administered without harm. Called also maximum tolerated dose.

dose

(dōs), Do not confuse this word with dosage.1. The quantity of a drug or other remedy to be taken or applied all at one time or in fractional amounts within a given period.
See also: dosage (3). Compare: dosage (2). 2. nuclear medicine amount of energy absorbed per unit mass of irradiated material (absorbed dose).
See also: dosage (3). [G. dosis, a giving]

dose

(dōs)n.1. a. A specified quantity of a therapeutic agent, such as medicine, prescribed to be taken at one time or at stated intervals.b. The amount of radiation administered as therapy to a given site.2. Slang A venereal infection.tr.v. dosed, dosing, doses 1. To give (someone) a dose, as of medicine.2. To give or prescribe (medicine) in specified amounts.
dos′er n.

dose

The amount of drug administered to a subject/patient at one time, or the total quantity administered.

dose

A quantity of a substance, medication, or radiation that is administered or absorbed during a specific time period Occupational medicine The total amount of a toxicologically relevant material reaching the target site over a specific time period; determination of dose requires information on the agent, its concentration, the form of the agent–eg aerosol, topical, ingested, length of exposure, and weight of person exposed. See MSDS Radiation oncology The concentration of energy divided by the tissue mass of energy deposited by radiation in the body, measured in grays–formerly, rads. See Effective dose, Gray Therapeutics The amount of medicine taken. See Absorbed dose, Effective dose, Equivalent dose, Genetically significant dose, Imputed dose, Law of infinitesimal dose, Lethal dose, Loading dose, Maintenance dose, Maximum tolerable dose, Median lethal dose, Minimum lethal dose, Occupational dose, Organ dose, Overdose, Pharmacologic dose, Ramped dose, Reference dose, TCID.

dose

(dōs) 1. The quantity of a drug or other remedy to be taken or applied all at one time or in fractional amounts within a given period. usage note Sometimes incorrectly used fordosage.
Compare: dosage (2) 2. nuclear medicine Amount of energy absorbed per unit mass of irradiated material (absorbed dose).
See also: dosage3. radiation therapy The energy absorbed per unit mass of irradiated material. [G.dosis, a giving]

dose

1. A stipulated quantity of a drug to be taken once or at stated intervals. 2. The amount of radiation received or administered.

dose

the known amount of chemical or other treatment received by an organism.

dose

(dōs) Do not confuse this word with dosage.Quantity of drug or other remedy to be taken or applied at once or in fractional amounts within a given period.[G. dosis, a giving]

Patient discussion about dose

Q. dose it ever get better? Dose the feeling of useing ever go away?A. Well to answer you question bluntly, no they never go away. It just gets easier to say no. I still want to use everyday and I have been clean for 4 years. I still have using dreams. The hard days are when you try to tell yourself that all your problems would go away if you could just get high one more time. what one more time gonna hurt?.....Everything....drugs are way to escape or make you feel like someone your not. my biggest hurdle was really looking at myself and then forgiving myself for all the pain my addiction caused. Everyone has their bottom. Everytime you want to use, put yourself back at that bottom. you will come to realize that life has been patiently waiting for you. The darkness will will fade and you will find your place. Good luck to you I hope you find strength will come in time.

Q. how long dose costochondritis last A. a friend of mine who had the disease saw an improvement within a few weeks, and it resolved completely within a few months,but his doctor said there are patients in whom this problem persists for some time. All symptoms of pain should resolve within six months.

Q. hemorroid stapling dose any one know about this first hand,or had it done themself? mail me if you have!Thanks Hi, I will have this done on 8/4 . I do need to have some info. about it from someone who has had it done what I need to know before hand!HOW MUCH PAIN, BLEEDING ect. Drs can only tell you so much because they do the surgery but not had it done themself. Please let me know soon, Please!A. I haven't had it done first hand but I do know from people who have done it that it can hurt in the first few days after and there will be slight bleeding, however that is expected decrease dramatically and make the bleeding eventually stop.

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DOSE


AcronymDefinition
DOSE➣Dictionary of Substances and their Effects
DOSE➣Directors of Special Education (committee; Visalia, CA)
DOSE➣Department of State for Education (Gambia)
DOSE➣Days of Socio-Economy (international conference; EU)

dose


Related to dose: doze
  • all
  • noun
  • verb

Synonyms for dose

noun measure

Synonyms

  • measure
  • amount
  • allowance
  • portion
  • prescription
  • ration
  • draught
  • dosage
  • potion

noun quantity

Synonyms

  • quantity
  • amount
  • lot
  • measure
  • supply
  • portion

noun attack

Synonyms

  • attack
  • spell
  • bout
  • stroke
  • burst
  • outbreak
  • flare-up
  • eruption

Synonyms for dose

verb to administer or add a drug to

Synonyms

  • drug
  • medicate
  • narcotize
  • opiate
  • physic
  • dope

Synonyms for dose

noun a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time

Synonyms

  • dosage

Related Words

  • booster dose
  • booster shot
  • recall dose
  • booster
  • draught
  • draft
  • hit
  • lethal dose
  • medicament
  • medication
  • medicinal drug
  • medicine
  • lozenge
  • pill
  • tablet
  • tab

noun the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time

Synonyms

  • dosage

Related Words

  • indefinite quantity

noun a communicable infection transmitted by sexual intercourse or genital contact

Synonyms

  • Cupid's disease
  • Cupid's itch
  • sexually transmitted disease
  • social disease
  • STD
  • VD
  • venereal disease
  • venereal infection
  • Venus's curse

Related Words

  • contagion
  • contagious disease
  • genital herpes
  • herpes genitalis
  • gonorrhea
  • gonorrhoea
  • clap
  • granuloma inguinale
  • granuloma venereum
  • lues
  • lues venerea
  • pox
  • syph
  • syphilis
  • LGV
  • lymphogranuloma venereum
  • lymphopathia venereum
  • chlamydia

noun street name for lysergic acid diethylamide

Synonyms

  • Elvis
  • loony toons
  • Lucy in the sky with diamonds
  • back breaker
  • battery-acid
  • window pane
  • acid
  • superman
  • pane
  • Zen
  • dot

Related Words

  • LSD
  • lysergic acid diethylamide

verb treat with an agent

Related Words

  • process
  • treat

verb administer a drug to

Synonyms

  • drug

Related Words

  • practice of medicine
  • medicine
  • anaesthetise
  • anaesthetize
  • anesthetise
  • anesthetize
  • put under
  • put out
  • medicate
  • dope up
  • dope
  • o.d.
  • overdose
  • narcotise
  • narcotize
  • poison
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更新时间：2024/11/11 16:09:19