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单词 babylon
释义

Babylon

enUK

Bab·y·lon 1

B0006250 (băb′ə-lən, -lŏn′) The capital of ancient Babylonia in Mesopotamia on the Euphrates River. Established as capital c. 1750 bc and rebuilt in regal splendor by Nebuchadnezzar II after its destruction (c. 689 bc) by the Assyrians, Babylon was the site of the Hanging Gardens, one of the Seven Wonders of the World.

Bab·y·lon 2

B0006250 (băb′ə-lən, -lŏn′)n.1. A city or place of great luxury, sensuality, and often vice and corruption.2. A place of captivity or exile.

Babylon

(ˈbæbɪlən) n1. (Placename) the chief city of ancient Mesopotamia: first settled around 3000 bc. See also Hanging Gardens of Babylon2. (Protestantism) offensive (in Protestant polemic) the Roman Catholic Church, regarded as the seat of luxury and corruption3. (Sociology) derogatory any society or group in a society considered as corrupt or as a place of exile by another society or group, esp White Britain as viewed by some West Indians[via Latin and Greek from Hebrew Bābhél; see Babel]

Bab•y•lon

(ˈbæb ə lən, -ˌlɒn)

n. 1. an ancient city in SW Asia, on the Euphrates River: capital of Babylonia and later of the Chaldean empire. 2. any city regarded as a place of excessive luxury and wickedness.
Thesaurus
Noun1.Babylon - the chief city of ancient Mesopotamia and capital of the ancient kingdom of BabyloniaBabylon - the chief city of ancient Mesopotamia and capital of the ancient kingdom of BabyloniaHanging Gardens of Babylon - a terraced garden at Babylon watered by pumps from the Euphrates; construction attributed to Nebuchadnezzar around 600 BCBabel, Tower of Babel - (Genesis 11:1-11) a tower built by Noah's descendants (probably in Babylon) who intended it to reach up to heaven; God foiled them by confusing their language so they could no longer understand one anotherBabylonian - the ideographic and syllabic writing system in which the ancient Babylonian language was writtenMesopotamia - the land between the Tigris and Euphrates; site of several ancient civilizations; part of what is now known as IraqBabylonia, Chaldaea, Chaldea - an ancient kingdom in southern Mesopotamia; Babylonia conquered Israel in the 6th century BC and exiled the Jews to Babylon (where Daniel became a counselor to the king)Adad - Babylonian god of storms and windAdapa - a Babylonian demigod or first man (sometimes identified with Adam)Anshar - the Babylonian father of the gods; identified with Assyrian Ashur; in Sumerian the name signifies `the totality of the upper world'Antum - Babylonian consort of AnuAnu - Babylonian god of the sky; one of the supreme triad including Bel and EaAnunnaki, Enuki - any of a group of powerful Babylonian earth spirits or genii; servitors of the godsIshtar, Mylitta - Babylonian and Assyrian goddess of love and fertility and war; counterpart to the Phoenician AstarteBel - Babylonian god of the earth; one of the supreme triad including Anu and Ea; earlier identified with En-lilDamgalnunna, Damkina - (Babylonian) earth goddess; consort of Ea and mother of MardukGirru - the Babylonian god of fire; often invoked in incantations against sorceryGula - the Babylonian goddess of healing and consort of NinurtaKishar - Babylonian consort of Anshar; in Sumerian the name signifies `the totality of the lower world'Baal Merodach, Bel-Merodach, Marduk, Merodach - the chief Babylonian god; his consort was SarpanituNabu, Nebo - Babylonian god of wisdom and agriculture and patron of scribes and schoolsNina - the Babylonian goddess of the watery deep and daughter of EaNingirsu - Babylonian god in older pantheon: god of war and agricultureNingishzida - an underworld Babylonian deity; patron of medicineNinib, Ninurta - a solar deity; firstborn of Bel and consort was Gula; god of war and the chase and agriculture; sometimes identified with biblical NimrodSarpanitu, Zarpanit, Zirbanit - consort of MardukShamash - the chief sun god; drives away winter and storms and brightens the earth with greenery; drives away evil and brings justice and compassionTashmit, Tashmitum - consort of Nabu
Translations
Babilônia

Babylon

enUK

Babylon

(băb`əlŏn), ancient city of Mesopotamia. One of the most important cities of the ancient Middle East, it was on the Euphrates River and was north of the cities that flourished in S Mesopotamia in the 3d millennium B.C. It became important when HammurabiHammurabi
, fl. 1792–1750 B.C., king of Babylonia. He founded an empire that was eventually destroyed by raids from Asia Minor. Hammurabi may have begun building the tower of Babel (Gen. 11.4), which can now be identified with the temple-tower in Babylon called Etemenanki.
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 made it the capital of his kingdom of BabyloniaBabylonia
, ancient empire of Mesopotamia. The name is sometimes given to the whole civilization of S Mesopotamia, including the states established by the city rulers of Lagash, Akkad (or Agade), Uruk, and Ur in the 3d millennium B.C.
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. The patron god of Babylon, Marduk (identical with Bel), became a leading deity in the Neo-Babylonian pantheon. The city was destroyed (c.689 B.C.) by the Assyrians under SennacheribSennacherib
or Senherib,
d. 681 B.C., king of Assyria (705–681 B.C.). The son of Sargon, Sennacherib spent most of his reign fighting to maintain the empire established by his father.
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, and its real spendor belongs to the later period of Babylonia after the city was rebuilt. The brilliant color and luxury of Babylon became legendary from the days of NebuchadnezzarNebuchadnezzar
, d. 562 B.C., king of Babylonia (c.605–562 B.C.), son and successor of Nabopolassar. In his father's reign he was sent to oppose the Egyptians, who were occupying W Syria and Palestine. At Carchemish he met and defeated (605 B.C.
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 (d. 562 B.C.). The Hanging Gardens were one of the Seven Wonders of the WorldSeven Wonders of the World,
in ancient classifications, were the Great Pyramid of Khufu (see pyramid) or all the pyramids with or without the sphinx; the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, with or without the walls; the mausoleum at Halicarnassus; the Artemision at Ephesus; the
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. The walls of Babylon, its palace, and the processional way with the famous Ishtar Gate were decorated with colorfully glazed brick. Among the Hebrews (who suffered the Babylonian captivityBabylonian captivity,
in the history of Israel, the period from the fall of Jerusalem (586 B.C.) to the reconstruction in Palestine of a new Jewish state (after 538 B.C.).
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 under Nebuchadnezzar) and the later Greeks the city was famed for its sensual living. Under the rule of NabonidusNabonidus
, d. 538? B.C., last king of the Chaldaean dynasty of Babylonia. He was not of Nebuchadnezzar's family, and it is possible that he usurped the throne. He was absorbed in antiquarian and religious speculations, and he built temples while the state was left undefended.
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 the city was captured (538 B.C.) by Cyrus the Great and was used as one of the administrative capitals of the Persian Empire. In 275 B.C. its inhabitants were removed to SeleuciaSeleucia
, ancient city of Mesopotamia, on the Tigris below modern Baghdad. Founded (c.312 B.C.) by Seleucus I, it soon replaced Babylon as the main center for east-west commerce through the valley.
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, which replaced Babylon as a commercial center.

Babylon,

residential village (1990 pop. 12,249), Suffolk co., SE N.Y., on Long Island, on Great South Bay; settled 1689, inc. 1893. The first U.S. wireless station was built there by Marconi.

Babylon

 

(Sumerian Kadingirra, Akkadian Babilu, literally “gate of god”), in antiquity a city in northern Mesopotamia on the banks of the Euphrates; the ruins of Babylon are near the modern city of Hilla (Iraq). It was first mentioned in the legend of Sargon the Akkadian (third millennium B.C.). Babylon’s importance grew during the time of the first Babylonian dynasty (1894-1595 B.C.). Under Hammurabi it was transformed into a major political, cultural, and economic center not only of Babylonia but of all South-west Asia. About 1595 B.C., Babylon was captured by the Hittites, and about 1518 it fell under the sway of the Kassites. At the beginning of the first millennium, Assyria and the Aramaean tribes, the Chaldeans, fought for Babylon. In 732, Babylon became part of the Assyrian state. In 689 it was completely destroyed by the Assyrian king Sennacherib as punishment for an uprising. It was rebuilt about 680 by Sennacherib’s successor Esarhaddon. In 626, Nabopolassar, a Chaldean, seized power in Babylon and ruled from 626 to 604. Under Nebuchadnezzar II, who ruled from 604 to 562, the city reached its golden age. A new architectural ensemble was created with magnificent palaces and mighty defensive installations. The city was captured in 539 by the Persian troops of Cyrus II. It was seized in 331 by Alexander of Macedon. Babylon was turned over in 312 to one of Alexander’s generals, the Macedonian Seleucus, who resettled most of the inhabitants of Babylon in his capital Seleucia, built near Babylon. After that Babylon lost its primacy and finally left the historical arena by the second century A.D.

R. A. GRIBOV

The archaeological diggings of 1899-1917, the testimony of ancient Greek writers, and other sources revealed what ancient Babylon looked like in the sixth century B.C. Divided into two parts (western and eastern) by the Euphrates, the city was laid out in the form of a rectangle (with an area of about 10 sq km), encircled by three rows of brick walls with massive serrated towers and eight gates. The Ishtar Gate (the main gate) was faced with blue glazed brick with stylized representations of yellow-red and white-yellow bulls and dragons in relief. The paved Procession Street led to the temple complex of Esagila with its seven-stage ziggurat Etemenanki (the so-called Babylonian tower), whose stages were painted in different colors. The temple complex was located in the center of the city. To the north was the fortress-palace of Nebuchadnezzar II with the Hanging Gardens, a row of interior courtyards, and a throne room. The throne room was faced with blue glazed bricks and had an ornamental frieze and a representation of yellow columns. To the east are the remains of a Greek theater from the fourth century B.C.

REFERENCES

Flittner, N. D. Kul’tura i iskusstvo Dvurech’ia i sosednikh stran. Moscow-Leningrad, 1958. Pages 274-77.
Koldewey, R. Das wiedererstehende Babylon, 4th ed. Leipzig, 1925.

Babylon

ancient city on Euphrates river; famed for its magnificence and culture. [Mid. East. Hist.: NCE, 202]See: Luxury

Babylon

1. the chief city of ancient Mesopotamia: first settled around 3000 bc 2. Derogatory (in Protestant polemic) the Roman Catholic Church, regarded as the seat of luxury and corruption

BABYLON

A development environment for expert systems. It includesframes, constraints, a prolog-like logic formalism, anda description language for diagnostic applications. Itrequires Common Lisp.

ftp://ftp.gmd.de/gmd/ai-research/Software/.

Babylon

enUK
  • noun

Words related to Babylon

noun the chief city of ancient Mesopotamia and capital of the ancient kingdom of Babylonia

Related Words

  • Hanging Gardens of Babylon
  • Babel
  • Tower of Babel
  • Babylonian
  • Mesopotamia
  • Babylonia
  • Chaldaea
  • Chaldea
  • Adad
  • Adapa
  • Anshar
  • Antum
  • Anu
  • Anunnaki
  • Enuki
  • Ishtar
  • Mylitta
  • Bel
  • Damgalnunna
  • Damkina
  • Girru
  • Gula
  • Kishar
  • Baal Merodach
  • Bel-Merodach
  • Marduk
  • Merodach
  • Nabu
  • Nebo
  • Nina
  • Ningirsu
  • Ningishzida
  • Ninib
  • Ninurta
  • Sarpanitu
  • Zarpanit
  • Zirbanit
  • Shamash
  • Tashmit
  • Tashmitum
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