Charles IX
Charles IX
1550-1574.Charles IX
| Noun | 1. |  Charles IX - King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574) |
| 单词 | charles ix | |||
| 释义 | Charles IXCharles IX1550-1574.Charles IX
Charles IXCharles IX,1550–74, king of France. He succeeded (1560) his brother Francis IIFrancis II,1768–1835, last Holy Roman emperor (1792–1806), first emperor of Austria as Francis I (1804–35), king of Bohemia and of Hungary (1792–1835). ..... Click the link for more information. under the regency of his mother, Catherine de' MediciCatherine de' Medici , 1519–89, queen of France, daughter of Lorenzo de' Medici, duke of Urbino. She was married (1533) to the duc d'Orléans, later King Henry II. ..... Click the link for more information. . She retained her influence throughout his reign. After 1570, however, Charles was temporarily under the sway of the French Huguenot leader Gaspard de ColignyColigny, Gaspard de Châtillon, comte de , 1519–72, French Protestant leader. A nephew of Anne, duc de Montmorency, he came to the French court at an early age. ..... Click the link for more information. . Catherine, fearing for her power, persuaded her weak son to approve the massacre of Saint Bartholomew's DaySaint Bartholomew's Day, massacre of, murder of French Protestants, or Huguenots, that began in Paris on Aug. 24, 1572. It was preceded, on Aug. 22, by an attempt, ordered by Catherine de' Medici, on the life of the Huguenot leader Admiral Coligny. ..... Click the link for more information. in which Coligny and thousands of other Huguenots were murdered. Charles IX was succeeded by his brother Henry IIIHenry III, 1551–89, king of France (1574–89); son of King Henry II and Catherine de' Medici. He succeeded his brother, Charles IX. As a leader of the royal army in the Wars of Religion (see Religion, Wars of) against the French Protestants, or Huguenots, Henry, then ..... Click the link for more information. . Charles IX,1550–1611, king of Sweden (1604–11), youngest son of Gustavus I. He was duke of Södermanland, Närke, and Värmland before his accession. During the reign of his brother, John III (1568–92), he opposed John's leanings toward Catholicism. After John's death he acted as regent, summoned (1593) an assembly of clergy and nobles to Uppsala, and had it establish Lutheranism as the state religion. This measure was passed in anticipation of the arrival (1594) of John III's Catholic son and heir, King Sigismund IIISigismund III,1566–1632, king of Poland (1587–1632) and Sweden (1592–99). The son of John III of Sweden and Catherine, sister of Sigismund II of Poland, he united the Vasa and Jagiello dynasties. ..... Click the link for more information. of Poland, who was obliged to pledge himself to uphold Protestantism in Sweden as a condition for his coronation. Sigismund left Sweden in the same year, and Charles summoned the Riksdag, was made regent against the king's wishes, and ousted all Catholic officials. The Swedish nobles were loyal to Sigismund, but the people supported Charles. Sigismund landed an army at Kalmar (1598), was defeated by Charles at Stangebro, and was deposed by the Riksdag in 1599. To consolidate his power Charles had most of his opponents executed, but he refused to accept the Swedish crown until Sigismund's brother, John, renounced it in 1604. In 1600 he invaded Livonia and thus began the long Polish-Swedish wars that ended only with the Peace of OlivaOliva, Peace of , 1660, treaty signed at Oliva (now a suburb of Gdańsk) by Poland and Sweden. John II of Poland renounced the theoretical claim of his line to the Swedish crown, which his father, Sigismund III, had in practice lost in 1599. ..... Click the link for more information. in 1660. Charles's claim to Lapland involved him in the unsuccessful Kalmar War (1611–13) with Christian IVChristian IV, 1577–1648, king of Denmark and Norway (1588–1648), son and successor of Frederick II. After assuming (1596) personal rule from a regency, he concentrated on building the navy, industry, and commerce. He rebuilt Oslo and renamed it Christiania. ..... Click the link for more information. of Denmark. He died before the conclusion of the war and was succeeded by his son, Gustavus II. Charles IXCharles IX
Synonyms for Charles IX
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