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ethyl alcohol
ethyl alcoholn. See alcohol.ethyl alcohol n (Elements & Compounds) another name for alcohol1 al•co•hol (ˈæl kəˌhɔl, -ˌhɒl)
n. 1. Also called ethyl alcohol , grain alcohol, ethanol. a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid, C2H5OH, produced by yeast fermentation of carbohydrates or, synthetically, by hydration of ethylene: used chiefly as a solvent and in beverages and medicines. 2. an intoxicating liquor containing this liquid. 3. any of a class of chemical compounds having the general formula ROH, where R represents an alkyl group and –OH a hydroxyl group. [1535–45; < New Latin < Medieval Latin < Arabic al-kuḥl the powdered antimony, the distillate] ethyl alcohol See ethanol.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  ethyl alcohol - the intoxicating agent in fermented and distilled liquors; used pure or denatured as a solvent or in medicines and colognes and cleaning solutions and rocket fuel; proposed as a renewable clean-burning additive to gasolineethanol, fermentation alcohol, grain alcoholneutral spirits, ethyl alcohol - nonflavored alcohol of 95 percent or 190 proof used for blending with straight whiskies and in making gin and liqueursgasohol - a gasoline substitute consisting of 90% gasoline and 10% grain alcohol from cornalcohol - any of a series of volatile hydroxyl compounds that are made from hydrocarbons by distillationspirits of wine - rectified ethyl alcoholabsolute alcohol - pure ethyl alcohol (containing no more than 1% water)denatured alcohol - ethyl alcohol that is unfit for drinking but is still useful for other purposesplant product - a product made from plant material | | 2. | ethyl alcohol - nonflavored alcohol of 95 percent or 190 proof used for blending with straight whiskies and in making gin and liqueursneutral spiritsalcohol, alcoholic beverage, alcoholic drink, inebriant, intoxicant - a liquor or brew containing alcohol as the active agent; "alcohol (or drink) ruined him"ethanol, ethyl alcohol, fermentation alcohol, grain alcohol - the intoxicating agent in fermented and distilled liquors; used pure or denatured as a solvent or in medicines and colognes and cleaning solutions and rocket fuel; proposed as a renewable clean-burning additive to gasoline |
Translationsethyl alcohol
ethyl alcohol: see ethanolethanol
or ethyl alcohol,
CH3CH2OH, a colorless liquid with characteristic odor and taste; commonly called grain alcohol or simply alcohol. Properties
Ethanol is a monohydric primary alcohol. It melts at −117.
..... Click the link for more information. .Ethyl Alcohol (also ethanol), C2H5OH, a colorless, mobile liquid with a characteristic odor and a pungent taste. Ethyl alcohol has a melting point of – 114.15°C, a boiling point of 78.39°C, and a density of 0.794 g/cm3. It is soluble in water and such organic solvents as ether and acetone. Highly flammable, it has a flash point of 14°C, and mixtures of ethyl alcohol and air are explosive when the concentration of the alcohol is 3.28–18.95 percent by volume. Ethyl alcohol possesses all the chemical properties that are characteristic of monohydric alcohols; for example, it forms alcoholates upon reaction with alkali metals or alkaline-earth metals, and it forms esters upon reaction with acids. Upon oxidation, ethyl alcohol yields acetaldehyde, upon dehydration it gives ethylene and diethyl ether, and upon chlorination it yields chloral. Ethyl alcohol is one of the most commonly produced organic chemicals. Until the early 1930’s, it was produced exclusively by the fermentation of carbohydrate-containing agricultural products—mainly grains (rye, barley, Indian corn, oats, and millet), potatoes, and beet molasses (seeFERMENTATION and ALCOHOL INDUSTRY). Between the 1930’s and the 1950’s, several methods were developed for synthesizing ethyl alcohol from chemical raw materials; these methods included the hydration of ethylene and the hydrogenation of acetaldehyde. The most important method currently in use is the direct (single-step) hydration of ethylene according to the reaction CH2=CH2 + H2O → C2H5OH The reaction is carried out with a phosphoric acid catalyst at a temperature of 280°–300°C and a pressure of 7.2–8.3 meganewtons per sq m (MN/m2), or 72–83 kilograms-force per sq cm (kgf/cm2). In 1976, approximately 800,000 metric tons of ethyl alcohol were produced in the USA; of this total, 550,000 metric tons were manufactured by direct hydration, and the remainder was produced by the fermentation of agricultural products. In some countries, including the USSR and France, a two-stage hydration of ethylene is used. The process is carried out in the presence of sulfuric acid at a temperature of 75°–80°C and a pressure of 2.48 MN/m2 (24.8 kgf/cm2); in this process, ethylene reacts with the concentrated sulfuric acid to form a mixture of monoethyl and diethyl hydrogen sulfate [C2H5OSO2OH and (C2H5O)2SO2], which is then hydrolyzed at 100°C and 0.3–0.4 MN/m2 (3–1 kgf/cm2) to yield ethyl alcohol and sulfuric acid. In other countries, ethyl alcohol is also produced by the hydrolysis of sulfite waste liquors and the hydrolysis of vegetable matter (seeHYDROLYSIS INDUSTRY). The purification of technical-grade ethyl alcohol is performed by various methods. For example, ethyl alcohol that is derived from agricultural products is usually purified by rectification in order to remove such impurities as fusel oil. Synthetic ethyl alcohol is separated from such impurities as diethyl ether and acetaldehyde by fractional rectification in the presence of bases or hydrogenation in the vapor phase over nickel catalysts at 105°C and 0.52 MN/m2 (5.2 kgf/cm2). The rectified spirits are an azeotropic mixture, with an ethyl alcohol content of 95.57 percent and a water content of 4.43 percent; the mixture has a boiling point of 78.15°C. Absolute (anhydrous) ethyl alcohol is required for many purposes. It is industrially produced by removing water in the form of a ternary azeotropic mixture of water, ethanol, and benzene (a special additive). In the laboratory, it is prepared by chemically binding the water to various reagents, including calcium oxide and elemental calcium or magnesium. Ethyl alcohol that is intended for industrial or household use is sometimes denatured (seeDENATURED ALCOHOL). Ethyl alcohol is used as a solvent in the production of paints, varnishes, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, cosmetics, explosives, motion-picture film, and photographic film. It is used as a raw material in the production of many chemicals, including butadiene and ethyl acetate. The use of ethyl alcohol in the production of protein-vitamin concentrates is also very promising (seeMICROBIOLOGICAL INDUSTRY). Large amounts of ethyl alcohol derived from agricultural products are consumed in the production of alcoholic beverages, such as vodka. Ethyl alcohol is a narcotic substance that produces characteristic alcoholic stimulation; when taken in large quantities, it depresses the activity of the central nervous system. Ethyl alcohol is also used in medicine—mainly as an external antiseptic and irritant for rubbing and making compresses; it is also used in the production of such pharmaceutical preparations as tinctures and extracts. REFERENCEStabnikov, V. N., I. M. Roiter, and T. B. Protsiuk. Etilovyi spirt. Moscow, 1976.ethyl alcohol[′eth·əl ′al·kə‚hȯl] (organic chemistry) ethanol ethyl alcohol
alcohol [al´kah-hol] 1. any organic compound containing the hydroxy (-OH) functional group except those in which the OH group is attached to an aromatic ring, which are called phenols. Alcohols are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether the carbon atom to which the OH group is attached is bonded to one, two, or three other carbon atoms and as monohydric, dihydric, or trihydric according to whether they contain one, two, or three OH groups; the latter two are called diols and triols, respectively.ethanol.2. an official preparation of ethanol, used as a disinfectant, solvent, and preservative, and applied topically as a rubbing compound, disinfectant, astringent, hemostatic, and coolant.absolute alcohol dehydrated a.benzyl alcohol a colorless liquid used as a bacteriostatic in solutions for injection and as a topical local anesthetic.dehydrated alcohol an extremely hygroscopic" >hygroscopic, transparent, colorless, volatile liquid used as a solvent and injected into nerves and ganglia for relief of pain. Called also absolute a.denatured alcohol ethanol made unfit for human consumption by the addition of substances known as denaturants. Although it should never be taken internally, denatured alcohol is widely used on the skin as a disinfectant.ethyl alcohol (grain alcohol) ethanol.isopropyl alcohol a transparent, volatile colorless liquid used as a solvent and disinfectant and applied topically as an antiseptic; called also isopropanol. Diluted with water to approximately 70 per cent strength, it is called isopropyl rubbing alcohol and is used as a rubbing compound.methyl alcohol methanol.pantothenyl alcohol dexpanthenol.panthenol.phenethyl alcohol (phenylethyl alcohol) a colorless liquid used as an antimicrobial agent in pharmaceuticals.rubbing alcohol a preparation of acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and ethanol, used as a rubefacient.wood alcohol methanol.al·co·hol (al'kŏ-hol), 1. One of a series of organic chemical compounds in which a hydrogen (H) attached to carbon is replaced by a hydroxyl (OH); alcohols react with acids to form esters and with alkali metals to form alcoholates. For individual alcohols not listed here, see specific name. 2. made from sugar, starch, and other carbohydrates by fermentation with yeast, and synthetically from ethylene or acetylene. It has been used in beverages and as a solvent, vehicle, and preservative; medicinally, it is used externally as a rubefacient, coolant, and disinfectant, and has been used internally as an analgesic, stomachic, sedative, and antipyretic. Synonym(s): ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, rectified spirit, wine spirit3. The azeotropic mixture of CH3CH2OH and water (92.3% by weight of ethanol at 15.56°C). [Ar. al, the, + kohl, fine antimonial powder, the term being applied first to a fine powder, then to anything impalpable (spirit)] ethyl alcohol Ethanol, see there. al·co·hol (al'kŏ-hol) 1. One of a series of organic chemical compounds in which a hydrogen (H) attached to carbon is replaced by a hydroxyl (OH); alcohols react with acids to form esters and with alkali metals to form alcoholates. 2. Ethanol, C2H5OH, made from carbohydrates by fermentation and synthetically from ethylene or acetylene. It has been used in beverages and as a solvent, vehicle, and preservative; medicinally, it is used externally as a rubefacient, coolant, and disinfectant, and internally as an analgesic, stomachic, and sedative.
Synonym(s): ethanol, ethyl alcohol. 3. The azeotropic mixture of CH3CH2OH and water (92.3% by weight of ethanol). [Ar. al, the, + kohl, fine antimonial powder, the term being applied first to a fine powder, then to anything impalpable (spirit)]ethyl alcohol See ALCOHOL.LegalSeeAlcoholAcronymsSeeEtOhethyl alcohol
Related to ethyl alcohol: denatured alcohol, isopropyl alcoholSynonyms for ethyl alcoholnoun the intoxicating agent in fermented and distilled liquorsSynonyms- ethanol
- fermentation alcohol
- grain alcohol
Related Words- neutral spirits
- ethyl alcohol
- gasohol
- alcohol
- spirits of wine
- absolute alcohol
- denatured alcohol
- plant product
noun nonflavored alcohol of 95 percent or 190 proof used for blending with straight whiskies and in making gin and liqueursSynonymsRelated Words- alcohol
- alcoholic beverage
- alcoholic drink
- inebriant
- intoxicant
- ethanol
- ethyl alcohol
- fermentation alcohol
- grain alcohol
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