Gavriil Petrovich Sakharov

Born Mar. 11 (23), 1873, in Moscow; died there Dec. 6, 1953. Soviet pathophysiologist. Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1936).

In 1899, Sakharov graduated from the medical faculty of Moscow University, where he was a student of A. B. Fokht. He held the chair of general pathology in the faculties of medicine at the University of Warsaw from 1910 to 1914 and at Moscow University from 1914 to 1929. He served as head of the subdepartment of pathological physiology at the Moscow Zooveterinary Institute from 1926 to 1937 and at the Second Moscow Medical Institute from 1933 to 1950. From 1929 to 1934 he was director of the Moscow Institute of Experimental Endocrinology.

Sakharov’s principal works dealt with immunology, endocrinology, oncology, hereditary pathology, and the human constitution. In 1905 he described serum anaphylaxis in guinea pigs, as well as changes in tissues during hyperergic inflammation. He also established the importance of neural receptors in the development of immunity. Sakharov and V. D. Shervinskii coedited the first manual of endocrinology published in the USSR (Foundations of Endocrinology, 1929). In 1945, Sakharov became the first chairman of the Moscow Society of Pathophysiologists.