genome

ge·nome

G0086500 (jē′nōm′)n.1. The total genetic content contained in a haploid set of chromosomes in eukaryotes, in a single chromosome in bacteria or archaea, or in the DNA or RNA of viruses.2. An organism's genetic material.

[gen(e) + -ome.]

ge·no′mic (-nō′mĭk) adj.

genome

(ˈdʒiːnəʊm) or

genom

n1. (Genetics) the full complement of genetic material within an organism2. (Biology) all the genes comprising a haploid set of chromosomes[C20: from German Genom, from Gen gene + (chromos)ome] genomic adj

ge•nome

(ˈdʒi noʊm)

n. a full haploid set of chromosomes with all its genes; the total genetic constitution of a cell or organism. [1925–30; < German] ge•no′mic, adj.

ge·nome

(jē′nōm) The total amount of genetic information in the chromosomes of an organism, including its genes and DNA sequences. The genome of eukaryotes is made up of a single, haploid set of chromosomes that is contained in the nucleus of every cell and exists in two copies in the chromosomes of all cells except reproductive cells. The human genome is made up of about 30,000 genes. ♦ The scientific study of genomes is called genomics (jə-nō′mĭks).

Thesaurus

Noun

genome - the ordering of genes in a haploid set of chromosomes of a particular organism; the full DNA sequence of an organism; "the human genome contains approximately three billion chemical base pairs"ordering, ordination, order - logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements; "we shall consider these questions in the inverse order of their presentation"

Translations

genome

genome:

see geneticsgenetics,
scientific study of the mechanism of heredity. While Gregor Mendel first presented his findings on the statistical laws governing the transmission of certain traits from generation to generation in 1856, it was not until the discovery and detailed study of the
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genome

the overall genetic constitution of an organism/species as constituted by the chromosomal makeup of every member (the term arises from a combination of the terms ‘gene’ and ‘chromosome’). See also GENETICS, HUMAN GENOME PROJECT.

Genome

a haploid chromosome set; the sum total of the genes localized in the individual set of chromosomes of a given organism. The term was introduced in 1920 by the German biologist H. Winkler. The genome is usually understood to mean the sum of the genes concentrated in the chromosomes, without taking into account the hereditary determinants connected with the structures of cytoplasm. In the gametes of diploid organisms, as well as in the cells of haploid organisms, there is one genome; in the somatic cells of diploid organisms there are two genomes. With an increase in ploidy of the cells, the number of genomes grows. In fertilization, the genomes of the paternal and maternal gametes unite. As a rule, genomes obtained from paternal and maternal gametes are homologous. Homology between all or some genomes exists in all but distant hybrids. Absolute homology of two genomes may be defined as the coinciding of the linear arrangement of the genes in every chromosome. This coinciding ensures the possibility of the normal conjugation of chromosomes in meiosis.

Changes in the number of chromosomes (for example, polyploidy or an increase or loss of individual chromosomes) are called genomic mutations. An organism in which one and the same genome is repeated several times is called au-topolyploid. An organism in which different genomes are combined is called allopolyploid. Wheats may serve as an example of the allopolyploids. The haploid number of chromosomes in hard wheat is 14, in soft wheat, 21; and in einkorn, seven. By hybridization and the study of the conjugation of chromosomes in meiosis, it was ascertained that in all wheats there is one common genome (genome A) made up of seven chromosomes. In hard and soft wheat there are two common genomes (genomes A, B), each having seven chromosomes. Finally, in soft wheat, there is still another special genome (genome D), also made up of seven chromosomes. Thus, the genomic formula for einkorn is AA and for hard wheat it is AABB. Soft wheat, which has arisen in the process of evolution by the crossing of three different wild cereals and by the doubling of the number of chromosomes in the hybrids, has the genomic formula AABBDD.

In the experiments of the Soviet geneticist G. D. Kar-pechenko, radish and cabbage genomes were combined for the first time in a hybrid organism. By means of corresponding crossings and cytological analysis, the origin of separate genomes can be established. For example, V. A. Rybin obtained (resynthesized) a cultivated plum by crossing the cherry plum and the sloe; thus it was established that the genome of a plum includes cherry plum and sloe genomes. Of great significance in understanding the structure and functioning of the genome have been the establishment of the structure of the molecules of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and of the mechanisms of their replication, and the establishment of the means of “tracing” and transmitting genetic information.

V. N. SOIFER and V. V. KHVOSTOVA

genome

[′jē‚nōm] (genetics) The genetic endowment of a species. The haploid set of chromosomes.

genome

, genom1. the full complement of genetic material within an organism 2. all the genes comprising a haploid set of chromosomes

genome

[je´nōm] the complete set of genes, hereditary factors contained in the haploid set of chromosomes; the human genome has an estimated 30,000 to 40,000 genes. adj., adj genom´ic.

ge·nome

(je'nōm, -nom), 1. A complete set of chromosomes derived from one parent, the haploid number of a gamete.
See also: Human Genome Project. 2. The total gene complement of a set of chromosomes found in higher life forms (the haploid set in a eukaryotic cell), or the functionally similar but simpler linear arrangements found in bacteria and viruses.
See also: Human Genome Project. [gene + -ome, suffix denoting a defined system or microcosm, fr. G. -ōma, noun suffix]

genome

(jē′nōm′)n.1. The total genetic content contained in a haploid set of chromosomes in eukaryotes, in a single chromosome in bacteria or archaea, or in the DNA or RNA of viruses.2. An organism's genetic material.

ge·no′mic (-nō′mĭk) adj.

genome

Genetic structure Genetics All the genetic information in an organism's chromosomes and mitochondria; its size is given in base pairs. See Base pair, Chromosome, Mitochondrial genome, Nuclear genome.

ge·nome

(jē'nōm) 1. A complete set of chromosomes derived from one parent, the haploid number of a gamete. 2. The total gene complement of a set of chromosomes found in higher life forms (the haploid set in a eukaryotic cell), or the functionally similar but simpler linear arrangements found in bacteria and viruses.
See also: Human Genome Project[G. genos, birth + (chromos) ome]

genome

The complete set of CHROMOSOMES, together with the MITOCHONDRIAL DNA, containing the entire genetic material of the cell.

genome

the complete complement of genetic material in a cell, or carried by an individual.

Genome

The genetic makeup of a cell, composed of DNA.Mentioned in: Malignant Melanoma

genome

The complete set of genes in an individual. In humans it is estimated at approximately 30 000 genes and over three billion base pairs (two nucleotides joined together across a double helix) of DNA.

ge·nome

(jē'nōm) Complete set of chromosomes derived from one parent; haploid number of a gamete.

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Words related to genome

noun the ordering of genes in a haploid set of chromosomes of a particular organism

Related Words