| 释义 |
Georgian
Geor·gian G0098300 (jôr′jən)adj.1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of the reigns of the four Georges who ruled Great Britain from 1714 to 1830.2. Of, relating to, or characteristic of the reign of George V of Great Britain.3. Of or relating to the US state of Georgia or its inhabitants.4. Of or relating to the country of Georgia or its people, language, or culture.n.1. A native or inhabitant of the US state of Georgia.2. a. A native or inhabitant of the country of Georgia.b. The Kartvelian language of the Georgians.3. A person of, or whose style is imitative of, either of the Georgian periods in Great Britain.Georgian (ˈdʒɔːdʒjən) adj1. (Historical Terms) of, characteristic of, or relating to any or all of the four kings who ruled Great Britain and Ireland from 1714 to 1830, or to their reigns2. (Historical Terms) of or relating to George V of Great Britain and Northern Ireland or his reign (1910–36): the Georgian poets. 3. (Placename) of or relating to the republic of Georgia, its people, or their language4. (Peoples) of or relating to the republic of Georgia, its people, or their language5. (Languages) of or relating to the republic of Georgia, its people, or their language6. (Placename) of or relating to the American State of Georgia or its inhabitants7. (Peoples) of or relating to the American State of Georgia or its inhabitants8. (Furniture) in or imitative of the style prevalent in England during the 18th century (reigns of George I, II, and III); in architecture, dominated by the ideas of Palladio, and in furniture, represented typically by the designs of Sheratonn9. (Languages) the official language of Georgia, belonging to the South Caucasian family10. (Peoples) a native or inhabitant of Georgia11. (Peoples) an aboriginal inhabitant of the Caucasus12. (Peoples) a native or inhabitant of the American State of Georgia13. (Historical Terms) a person belonging to or imitating the styles of either of the Georgian periods in EnglandGeor•gian (ˈdʒɔr dʒən)
adj. 1. of or pertaining to the period of British history from the accession of George I in 1714 to the death of George IV. 2. of or pertaining to George V or his reign. 3. of or designating the styles of architecture and furniture current in England esp. from 1714 to 1811. 4. of or pertaining to the state of Georgia. 5. of or pertaining to the Georgian Republic. n. 6. a person, esp. a writer, of either of the Georgian periods in England. 7. a native or inhabitant of the state of Georgia. 8. a. a native or inhabitant of the Georgian Republic. b. the Caucasian language of the Georgians. Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | Georgian - a native or resident of the American state of GeorgiaAmerican - a native or inhabitant of the United States | | 2. | Georgian - a native or inhabitant of Georgia in AsiaSakartvelo, Georgia - a republic in Asia Minor on the Black Sea separated from Russia by the Caucasus mountains; formerly an Asian soviet but became independent in 1991Russian - a native or inhabitant of Russia | | 3. | Georgian - a southern Caucasian language with 3 million speakers and a long literary traditionCaucasian language, Caucasian - a number of languages spoken in the Caucasus that are unrelated to languages spoken elsewhere | | Adj. | 1. | Georgian - of or relating to the former British colony of Georgia; "the Georgian colony" | | 2. | Georgian - of or relating to or characteristic of the Asian republic of Georgia or its people or language; "the Georgian capital is Tbilisi"; "Georgian farmers"; "Georgian vowels" | | 3. | Georgian - of or relating to or characteristic of the American state of Georgia or its inhabitants; "the Georgian state capital is Atlanta"; "Georgian peach farmers" | | 4. | Georgian - of or relating to the Hanoverian kings of England; "the first Georgian monarch" |
TranslationsGeorgian → 乔治亚人zhCN, 乔治亚的zhCNGeorgian
Georgian1. of, characteristic of, or relating to any or all of the four kings who ruled Great Britain and Ireland from 1714 to 1830, or to their reigns 2. of or relating to George V of Great Britain and Northern Ireland or his reign (1910--36) 3. the official language of Georgia, belonging to the South Caucasian family 4. a native or inhabitant of Georgia 5. an aboriginal inhabitant of the Caucasus 6. a native or inhabitant of the American State of Georgia 7. a person belonging to or imitating the styles of either of the Georgian periods in England Georgian the national language of the Georgians; the main language of the Kartvelian language group. There are approximately 3.25 million speakers of Georgian in the USSR (1970, census). In the opinion of most Caucasian scholars, Georgian is related to the Abkhazo-Adygei, Nakh, and Dagestan languages, forming with them the Ibero-Caucasian language family. Georgian is an ancient written language. The oldest written records date from the fifth century A.D. Two main periods are distinguished in the history of Georgian: Old Georgian, from the fifth to 11th centuries, and modern Georgian, which began to develop in the 12th century in secular literary records. Modern Georgian differs from Old Georgian primarily in vocabulary. The Georgian literary language is based on the Kartlian and Kakhetian dialects. Divergences between dialects are insignificant and are usually at the level of sub-dialects. The mountain dialects of eastern Georgia (for example, Tush and Khevsurian) are characterized by archaisms, whereas innovations are typical of the dialects of western Georgia (for example, Adzhar and Gurian). Modern Georgian has five unmarked vowel phonemes and 28 consonant phonemes. Stops and affricates form a three-part series (voiced, aspirated, and glottalized); spirants are paired (voiced and voiceless). Harmonic groups of consonants are typical. Stress is weak dynamic. The morphology is rich. Prefixation and suffixation are widely used. The principle of word building is agglutinative, and there are elements of inflection. The category of grammatical gender is alien to nouns. The semantic categories of person and thing are distinguished. There are two numbers and a single declension, with six cases. The absence of an accusative case and the presence of an ergative case is typical. The declension is supplemented by postpositions. The system of verbal conjugation is complex. The Georgian verb is marked for the categories of person, number, version, aspect, voice, the causative, and mood. Verbs are divided into transitive and intransitive, static and dynamic. They are conjugated according to the persons and numbers of both the subject and object. The subject-object conjugation system gives rise to the complex syntactic structure of a simple sentence. Three constructions are distinguished: nominative, ergative (with transitive verbs in the main past tenses), and dative. The syntactic link between the verb and the subject and object is distinctive (interdepen-dency of the members of a syntagma). A complex sentence is made up of simple sentences. Types of subordination are well developed. The word order is free. The predicate tends to occur last (in simple sentences). The attributive in modern Georgian usually precedes the dependent member. The vocabulary is rich. Stem combinations (compounds) and derived stem formations (formed by means of suffixation and prefixation) are widely used. REFERENCESMarr, N. Osnovnye tablitsy k grammatike drevnegruzinskogo iazyka. St. Petersburg, 1908.
Marr, N. Grammatika drevneliteraturnogo gruzinskogo iazyka. [Moscow-]Leningrad, 1925.
Rudenko, B. Grammatika gruzinskogo iazyka. Moscow-Leningrad, 1940.
Chikobava, A. S. “Gruzinskii iazyk.” In the collection lazyki narodov SSSR, vol. 4. Moscow, 1967.
Dzidziguri, Sh. V. Gruzinskii iazyk. Tbilisi, 1968.
Shanize, A. K’art’uli gramatikis sap’uzvlebi, 1: Morp’ologia. Tbilisi, 1953.
Gigineishvili, I., V. T’op’uria, and I. K’avt’araze. K’art’uli dialek’tologia, book 1. Tbilisi, 1961.
K’art’uli enis ganmartebit’i lek’sikoni, vols. 1–8. Tbilisi, 1950–64.
Schuchardt, H. Über das Georgische. Vienna, 1895.
Vogt, H. “Esquisse d’une grammaire du géorgien moderne.” Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap. Oslo, 1938. Volumes 9–10.
Tschenkéli, K. Einführung in die georgische Sprache. Vol. 1: Theoretischer Teil; vol. 2: Praktischer Teil. Zürich, 1958.
Tschenkéli, K., and J. Marchev. Georgisch-Deutsches Wörterbuch, fasc. 1–19. Zurich, 1960–70. (Continuing edition.)
Vogt, H. Grammaire de la langue Géorgienne. Oslo, 1971.A. S. CHIKOBAVA Georgian
Words related to Georgiannoun a native or resident of the American state of GeorgiaRelated Wordsnoun a native or inhabitant of Georgia in AsiaRelated Wordsnoun a southern Caucasian language with 3 million speakers and a long literary traditionRelated Words- Caucasian language
- Caucasian
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