fur

the fine, soft, thick, hairy coat of the skin of a mammal
Not to be confused with:fir – a coniferous tree belonging to the pine family, characterized by its pyramidal style of growth, flat needles, and erect cones

fur

F0133300 (fûr)n.1. The thick coat of soft hair covering the skin of certain mammals.2. The hair-covered, dressed pelt of such a mammal, used in making garments and as trimming or decoration.3. A garment made of or lined with the dressed pelt of a mammal.4. See fake fur.5. A furlike coating: fur on the tongue.tr.v. furred, fur·ring, furs 1. To cover, line, or trim with fur.2. To cover or coat as if with fur.3. To line (a wall or floor) with furring.

[Middle English furre, probably from furren, to line with fur, from Old French forrer, from forre, fuerre, sheath, lining, of Germanic origin; see pā- in Indo-European roots.]

fur

(fɜː) n1. (Zoology) the dense coat of fine silky hairs on such mammals as the cat, seal, and mink2. (Tanning) a. the dressed skin of certain fur-bearing animals, with the hair left onb. (as modifier): a fur coat. 3. (Clothing & Fashion) a garment made of fur, such as a coat or stole4. (Textiles) a. a pile fabric made in imitation of animal furb. a garment made from such a fabric5. (Heraldry) heraldry any of various stylized representations of animal pelts or their tinctures, esp ermine or vair, used in coats of arms6. (Pathology) informal a whitish coating of cellular debris on the tongue, caused by excessive smoking, an upset stomach, etc7. (Building) Brit a whitish-grey deposit consisting chiefly of calcium carbonate precipitated from hard water onto the insides of pipes, boilers, and kettles8. make the fur fly to cause a scene or disturbancevb, furs, furring or furred9. (Clothing & Fashion) (tr) to line or trim a garment, etc, with fur10. (often foll by up) to cover or become covered with a furlike lining or deposit11. (Clothing & Fashion) (tr) to clothe (a person) in a fur garment or garments[C14: from Old French forrer to line a garment, from fuerre sheath, of Germanic origin; related to Old English fōdder case, Old Frisian fōder coat lining] ˈfurless adj

fur

(fɜr)

n., adj., v. furred, fur•ring. n. 1. the fine, soft, thick, hairy coat of the skin of a mammal. 2. the skin of certain animals, as minks or beavers, covered with this, used for garments, trimmings, etc. 3. a garment made of fur. 4. any coating resembling or suggesting fur, as certain matter on the tongue. adj. 5. of, pertaining to, or dealing in fur, animal skins, dressed pelts, etc.: a fur coat; a fur trader. v.t. 6. to line, face, or trim with fur. 7. to apply furring to (a wall, ceiling, etc.). 8. to clothe (a person) with fur. 9. to coat with foul or deposited matter. Idioms: make the fur fly, a. to cause a disturbance. b. to do something quickly. [1300–50; Middle English furre derivative of furren to trim with fur < Anglo-French, Old French sheath < Germanic] fur′less, adj.

fur.

furlong.

fur

Past participle: furred
Gerund: furring

Imperative
fur
fur

Present
I fur
you fur
he/she/it furs
we fur
you fur
they fur

Preterite
I furred
you furred
he/she/it furred
we furred
you furred
they furred

Present Continuous
I am furring
you are furring
he/she/it is furring
we are furring
you are furring
they are furring

Present Perfect
I have furred
you have furred
he/she/it has furred
we have furred
you have furred
they have furred

Past Continuous
I was furring
you were furring
he/she/it was furring
we were furring
you were furring
they were furring

Past Perfect
I had furred
you had furred
he/she/it had furred
we had furred
you had furred
they had furred

Future
I will fur
you will fur
he/she/it will fur
we will fur
you will fur
they will fur

Future Perfect
I will have furred
you will have furred
he/she/it will have furred
we will have furred
you will have furred
they will have furred

Future Continuous
I will be furring
you will be furring
he/she/it will be furring
we will be furring
you will be furring
they will be furring

Present Perfect Continuous
I have been furring
you have been furring
he/she/it has been furring
we have been furring
you have been furring
they have been furring

Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been furring
you will have been furring
he/she/it will have been furring
we will have been furring
you will have been furring
they will have been furring

Past Perfect Continuous
I had been furring
you had been furring
he/she/it had been furring
we had been furring
you had been furring
they had been furring

Conditional
I would fur
you would fur
he/she/it would fur
we would fur
you would fur
they would fur

Past Conditional
I would have furred
you would have furred
he/she/it would have furred
we would have furred
you would have furred
they would have furred

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	fur - the dressed hairy coat of a mammal peltanimal skin - the outer covering of an animalastrakhan - the fur of young lambsbearskin - the pelt of a bear (sometimes used as a rug)beaver, beaver fur - the soft brown fur of the beaverchinchilla - the expensive silvery grey fur of the chinchillaermine - the expensive white fur of the erminefox - the grey or reddish-brown fur of a foxlambskin - the skin of a lamb with the wool still onlapin, rabbit - the fur of a rabbitleopard - the pelt of a leopardmink - the expensive fur of a minkmuskrat, muskrat fur - the brown fur of a muskratotter - the fur of an otterraccoon - the fur of the North American racoonsable - the expensive dark brown fur of the martensealskin, seal - the pelt or fur (especially the underfur) of a seal; "a coat of seal"squirrel - the fur of a squirrel
	2.	fur - dense coat of fine silky hairs on mammals (e.g., cat or seal or weasel)pelage, coat - growth of hair or wool or fur covering the body of an animalguard hair - coarse hairs that form the outer fur and protect the underfur of certain mammalsunderfur, undercoat - thick soft fur lying beneath the longer and coarser guard hair
	3.	fur - a garment made of the dressed hairy coat of a mammalgarment - an article of clothing; "garments of the finest silk"

fur

noun coat, hair, skin, hide, wool, fleece, pelt The creature's fur is short and dense.Related words
like doramania
fear doraphobia

fur

nounThe skin of an animal:fell, hide, jacket, pelt.

Translations

毛皮皮衣软毛

fur

(fəː) noun1. the thick, short, fine hair of certain animals. 软毛2. the skin(s) of these animals, often used to make or decorate clothes etc for people. a hat made of fur; (also adjective) a fur coat.毛皮3. a coat, cape etc made of fur. She was wearing her fur.皮衣furrier (ˈfariə) , ((American) ˈfə:-) noun a person who (makes and) sells furs. 皮货商ˈfurry adjective1. covered with fur. a furry animal.毛皮的2. like fur. furry material.像毛皮的

fur

→ 毛皮zhCN

Fur

fur,

hairy covering of an animal, especially the skins of animals that have thick, soft, close-growing hair next to the skin itself and coarser protective hair above it. The underhair is frequently called the underfur or fur proper; the outer hairs are the guard hairs; the whole, when dried, is the pelt. The term fur is extended to dressed sheep and lamb skins when they are prepared for wearing with the hair retained, and usually to curled pelts such as Persian lamb, karakul, astrakhan, and mouton.

Since prehistoric times humans have used furs for clothing. Traditionally, the prized furs have been sable, marten, and fisher (all of the genus Martes), the related mink and ermine (of the genus Mustela), and the chinchilla, from South America. The coats of the ocelot, the wildcat, the common house cat, the marmot, the nutria, the raccoon, the hare, and the rabbit are less expensive because the animals are numerous and easy to trap. Beaver and seal are prized for their durability, but such furs as squirrel and skunk are valued for their delicacy of texture. Fox furs have also been much esteemed, and the rare wild silver fox and Pribilof blue fox are sought after, although silver fox is now bred on fur farms.

The Fur Trade

The hunting of wild furs is still an important occupation in wilderness areas, notably in N Canada, Alaska, Mongolia, and Siberia. The finer wild furs come from northerly regions, where because of the climate the animals produce sleeker and better pelts. In the more populated and temperate regions of the world, however, only small pockets of territory retain enough wild animal life to be good for fur hunting. Because of this condition furs have always been luxury goods and were associated early with royalty and nobility (e.g., sable and ermine).

The fur tradefur trade,
in American history. Trade in animal skins and pelts had gone on since antiquity, but reached its height in the wilderness of North America from the 17th to the early 19th cent.
..... Click the link for more information. has gone on since antiquity, but it reached its apogee in the organized exploitation of the wilderness of North America and Asia from the 17th to the early 19th cent. The staple fur of the great fur-trading days in North America was the beaver, though the fur seal was and is the object of highly lucrative fur hunts.

Many furs are also now grown extensively by fur farming, which has developed into a major industry in the United States and Canada in the 20th cent. The preparation and sale of fur remains a very considerable business. The dressing and dyeing and the matching and cutting of furs to make fine coats and other garments occupy the labors of a great many people concentrated in the few great fur markets of the world.

Threat to Fur-bearing Animals

The depletion of fur-bearing animals was strikingly indicated in the fate of the sea otterotter,
name for a number of aquatic, carnivorous mammals of the weasel family, found on all continents except Australia. The common river otters of Eurasia and the Americas are species of the genus Lutra. The North American river otter, L.
..... Click the link for more information. on the Northwest Coast. The threat of similar extinction of the fur seal later led to the international quarrel called the Bering Sea Fur-Seal Controversy (see under Bering SeaBering Sea,
c.878,000 sq mi (2,274,020 sq km), northward extension of the Pacific Ocean between Siberia and Alaska. It is screened from the Pacific proper by the Aleutian Islands. The Bering Strait connects it with the Arctic Ocean.
..... Click the link for more information. ). Because some fur-bearing animals were in danger of extinction, the U.S. government in 1969 enacted the Endangered Species Act, which bans the importation and sale of pelts of such animals as the polar bear, the jaguar, and the tiger (see endangered speciesendangered species,
any plant or animal species whose ability to survive and reproduce has been jeopardized by human activities. In 1999 the U.S. government, in accordance with the U.S.
..... Click the link for more information. ). Since the 1960s the clubbing of baby fur seals has become the focus for considerable concern among the various humane societies of Canada and the United States, and since the 1980s the protests of animal-rights groups led to a decrease in popularity of all furs.

Synthetic Fur

After World War II synthetic fur, a deep-pile fabric closely resembling fur, became popular. George W. Borg was among the first to adapt circular knitting machines to make a pile fabric from synthetic fibers. The machines knit a double layer of fabric leaving free ends of yarn that form a pile as deep as 4 in. (10.2 cm). In 1953 an improved form resembling sheared beaver or mouton was introduced. Later types use different synthetics and are woven as well as knit; they also use cotton backing. Other synthetic furs imitate Persian lamb, seal, ermine, chinchilla, and mink. Since the 1960s synthetic furs have become increasingly popular as a result of their relatively low cost and realistic appearance, greater public awareness of endangered species, and the disappearance of certain furs from the market because of restrictive conservation laws.

Bibliography

See A. Samet, Pictorial Encyclopedia of Furs (rev. ed. 1950); P. C. Phillips and J. W. Smurr, The Fur Trade (2 vol., 1961; repr. 1967); E. Coues, The Fur Bearing Animals of North America (1877, repr. 1970); L. R. Hafen, ed., The Mountain Men and the Fur Trade of the Far West (10 vol., 1965–72); S. Geary, Fur Trapping in North America (rev. ed. 1985).

Fur

an animal pelt used to make fur goods. Animals are hunted for their fur by rifle or traps; furs are also obtained from animals raised on fur farms (seeFUR FARMING). The classification of furs as winter or spring furs derives from the season of their procurement. Winter furs are obtained from animals that do not hibernate. Nonhibernating fur bearers include the panther, squirrel, wolf, otter, desman, ermine, rabbit, Siberian weasel, wildcat, marten, red fox, mink, muskrat, arctic fox, lynx, sable, tiger, and polecat. Some animals hibernate or spend the winter in deep burrows, and, despite the high quality of their pelts during this period, their furs must be procured in the spring or summer. Such furs, commonly known as spring furs, include pelts from the badger, chipmunk, mole, rat, fat dormouse, marmot, suslik, tarbagan, and hamster.

Fur quality depends on numerous properties of the pelt. These include color, highlights, luster, length, thickness, softness, elasticity, and felting ability. Other properties include the thickness, density, and toughness of the skin tissue and the heat retention, size, and weight of the pelt. These properties are determined by conditions of habitation (underground, above-ground, or amphibious), individual differences or deviations (individual variation), geography (geographic variation), time of year (seasonal variation), and age (age variation).

Individual variations are reflected primarily in the color, length, thickness, and softness of the hair covering and in the size of the pelts. Such variations are especially noticeable in the sable, arctic fox, red fox, and squirrel. The furs of the Kamchatka and Middle Asian foxes serve as an example of sharply pronounced geographic variation: the pelt of the fox found in the Kamchatka peninsula is large and has a luxurious and silky flaming-red hair, whereas the pelt of the fox found in Central Asian republics of the USSR is relatively small and has short, sparse, somewhat coarse light-gray or pale-yellow hair. Such variation may be caused by climatic conditions and by mimicry. During the transition from winter to summer, changes occur in the fur’s thickness, length, luster, softness and, in some animals, color (for example, the blue hare). The thickness, density, and color of the skin tissue may also change.

Among animals that do not hibernate, molting occurs in the spring and summer (except for the mole). Animals that pass the winter in a state of deep sleep change their hair covering once a year, in the summer. The pelt of an animal is most valuable after molting.

International fur auctions, which account for 70–80 percent of Soviet fur exports, have been held in Leningrad since 1931. In March 1932, 35 representatives from eight countries took part in the auctions, purchasing approximately $1.5 million worth of goods. In January 1974, 249 representatives from 27 countries attended the 66th auction; the value of the furs sold was approximately $25 million. Some auctions draw as many as 300 to 350 representatives from fur companies of 25 to 27 countries. In addition to Soviet goods, the furs of other countries, including North Korea, Mongolia, Poland, and Norway, are also sold at the auction. The auctions are held each year in January, July, and October.

L. P. GAIDAROV

Fur

(also For, Forawa), a people living in the western part of the Republic of the Sudan, in the mountainous region of Gebel Marrah, Darfur Province. The Fur number approximately 350,000 (1973, estimate). Their language is Fur, one of the languages of eastern and central Sudan. By religion they are Sunnite Muslims. The Fur constituted the main population of the Darfur sultanate, which existed from the 16th century to 1916. Their chief occupations are irrigated farming (rice, garden crops, cotton) and the breeding of cattle, sheep, and camels.

Fur

(also Darfurian, Kondjara), the language of the Fur nationality, which inhabits Darfur Province in the western part of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan. According to a 1973 estimate, there are approximately 350,000 speakers of Fur.

Fur has been tentatively classified as a Nilo-Saharan language. It has a limited consonant system; vowels are divided, by degree of height, into four categories. The language shows a great degree of inflection. Grammatical distinctions are expressed through prefixes and suffixes; the verb, in addition, makes use of internal inflection: und-ɔ (“I was gathering”), b-ut-ɔ (“he was gathering”). The verb has many conjugations and tense forms, and there are many plural forms in the noun, adjective, and numeral. Case is indicated by agglutinative suffixes.

REFERENCES

Zyhlarz, E. “Das Verbum im Kondjara.” Anthropos, 1926, vol. 21.
Tucker, A. N., and M. A. Bryan. Linguistic Analyses: The Non-Bantu Languages of North-Eastern Africa. London-New York-Cape Town, 1966.
Greenberg, J. H. The Languages of Africa, 2nd ed. The Hague, 1966.

fur

[fər] (materials) The dressed pelt of a mammal. (vertebrate zoology) The coat of a mammal.

furring

furring 1. Spacers such as wood strips or metal channels which are fastened to the joists, studs, walls, or ceiling of a building so that the finish surface may be leveled. Also see wall furring.2. Grillage for the attachment of gypsum or metal lath. 3. A method of finishing the interior face of a masonry wall to provide space for thermal insulation, to prevent moisture transmission, or to provide a level surface for finishing. 4. Same as scale, 8.

fur

1. the dense coat of fine silky hairs on such mammals as the cat, seal, and mink 2. a. a pile fabric made in imitation of animal fur b. a garment made from such a fabric 3. Informal a whitish coating of cellular debris on the tongue, caused by excessive smoking, an upset stomach, etc.

fur

fur

fur

fur

fur

fur.

fur

fur

fur

fur

fur

fur

all fur coat and no knickers

be all fur coat and no knickers

the feathers fly

the fur flies

fur and feather

make the fur fly

make the dust fly

fur piece

furball

fur piece

make the fur fly

make the dust fly

the fur flies

be all fur coat and no knickers

fur and feather

the fur will fly

the ˌfeathers/ˌfur/ˌsparks will ˈfly

fur

furball

make the dust fly

make the feathers/fur fly, to

Fur

fur,

The Fur Trade

Threat to Fur-bearing Animals

Synthetic Fur

Bibliography

Fur

Fur

Fur

REFERENCES

fur

furring

fur

fur

fur

fur

fur

FUR

fur

FUR

fur

Synonyms for fur

noun coat

Synonyms

Synonyms for fur

noun the skin of an animal

Synonyms

Synonyms for fur

noun the dressed hairy coat of a mammal

Synonyms

Related Words

noun dense coat of fine silky hairs on mammals (e

Related Words

noun a garment made of the dressed hairy coat of a mammal

Related Words