(1143–1214), grandson of David I, king of Scotland 1165–1214; known as William the Lion. He attempted to reassert Scottish independence but was forced to pay homage to Henry II of England after being captured by him in 1174.

(1533–84), prince of the House of Orange, first stadtholder (chief magistrate) of the United Provinces of the Netherlands 1572–84; known as William the Silent. He led a revolt against Spain from 1568 and was assassinated by a Spanish agent.