| 释义 |
noun ˈbʌfəˈbəfər 1A person or thing that reduces a shock or that forms a barrier between incompatible or antagonistic people or things. family and friends can provide a buffer against stress Example sentencesExamples - A provision was made to donate the remaining 15 acres to the council to be used as a buffer between developments.
- Outside, the railed front garden with side lawn is surprisingly generous in comparison with many homes so close to the city centre, and provides a generous buffer between the property and Botanic Road.
- West African authorities spoke Saturday of the force deploying fairly quickly, with the aim of serving as a buffer between rebels and government.
- Evidently the major job of a PA or Private Secretary of an important official is to act as a buffer between his master and the inconvenient hordes seeking favours or the querulous ones voicing complaints.
- ‘This increase will not act as a buffer between children and poverty and will certainly do nothing to help parents pay for childcare,’ she added.
- I act as a buffer between him and the rest of the world when he needs it, and in return I get somebody who's a tremendous amount of fun when he feels good, and who is very good at understanding my own emotional foibles.
- While technology no doubt aids journalism's mission to inform society by removing obstacles of time and distance, it also provides an unwelcome buffer between the reporter and the public.
- Russia views Ukraine as a key part of its historic sphere of influence, a major transit route for its oil and gas exports and a buffer between the expanding EU and NATO.
- Thus, swearing evolved a useful purpose as a buffer between fury and the instinct to beat the living daylights out of each other.
- Doubt is the buffer between blind faith and cold logic.
- It can be a shield too, surely, a buffer between the committing of an act and its execution.
- The cane farmers on the Sunshine Coast have provided not just a monetary benefit to the local economy: their crops have acted as a green buffer between settlements on the coast.
- I believe that historical forces push us into conflict and without the law as a buffer between people, we would have a world of vendetta, a world of violence, a world of chaos.
- But democracy is more than just an idea; it requires an intricate network of institutions; it needs a civil society to act as a buffer between the people and power.
- The best thing about taking pictures is the camera acts as a buffer between you and everyone else.
- The area serves as a natural buffer between Brookhaven and Wallingford homes.
- A better approach is to build time buffers into the project.
- Safety stock is used for the same reason as lead time - to provide a buffer of inventory to reduce the chance of a back order in the face of variability.
- Anthony, whose job it was to act as a buffer between editorial staff and management and who always looked as though he was on the verge of a heart attack, slammed the phone down, cursed and reached for a cigarette.
- These act as a buffer between businesses and the public bodies they are seeking information from.
Synonyms cushion, bulwark shield, screen, barrier, guard, safeguard, hedge, shock absorber, armour intermediary, middleman, go-between - 1.1buffersBritish A pair of shock-absorbing pistons projecting from a cross-beam at the end of a railway track or on the front and rear of a railway vehicle.
Example sentencesExamples - The brakes hiss and squeal as the carriages reach the buffers.
- A new international station is being created at St Pancras so that, in three years' time, quarter-mile-long Eurostar trains can pull right up to the buffers under the magnificent Victorian arched roof.
- At Kalka - an arid, deserted place, all scrub, shale and cactus - you change trains; the Himalayan Queen reclines at the buffers as its passengers decamp onto a narrow-gauge miniature train.
- Fortunately, however, it fell short, and the buffers of the engine struck the other lip of the shaft with a tremendous crash.
- An investigation has been launched after three train carriages ran out of control before smashing through buffers and derailing yards from a busy line.
2Chemistry
A solution which resists changes in pH when acid or alkali is added to it. Example sentencesExamples - Root tissue was pulverized in a mortar under liquid nitrogen and homogenized with buffers for the preparation of soluble extracts or plasma membranes.
- To fill the channels with the aqueous buffer solution, the hydrophobic surface of PDMS was wetted with ethanol, which was gradually replaced by water.
- A spectral change was observed upon addition of lipid vesicles to the buffer solution of the sensitizers.
- When cyanobacterial cells are immersed in buffers of high osmotic strength, phycobilisome diffusion is strongly inhibited.
- Chemical buffers can affect the uptake of macronutrients by reducing the pH gradient through the plasma membrane.
3Computing
A temporary memory area in which data is stored while it is being processed or transferred, especially one used while streaming video or downloading audio. print speed is boosted by pages being formatted in a buffer while another is printing Example sentencesExamples - First we create a buffer that is one byte bigger than the user string and fill it with zeros.
- The data processing device may further include a write buffer for storing write data.
- Flash memory works as a buffer because most data is read from the hard drive.
- Much like a cache, the buffer is a data area between the requests being sent to the hard disk, and the data stored on the disk itself.
- You can paste the text in your copy buffer into the active window with Ctrl-A.
verb ˈbʌfəˈbəfər [with object]1Lessen or moderate the impact of (something) the massage helped to buffer the strain Example sentencesExamples - Neat salicylic acid is too tough on stomachs, so scientists had to find a way to buffer it.
- He has always emphasised the need to protect those on fixed incomes and has instructed successive governments to do their utmost to buffer them against the strains of economic reform.
- Onwards from the classic study of Freud and Burlingham in 1943, the literature shows the positive effects of family attachment and other supports in buffering the impact of war on children.
- Right through the 1997-98 meltdown, Taiwan was Asia's Treasure Island - its high foreign reserves and low foreign debt buffered it from the pain suffered elsewhere.
- In any case, the industry is buffered from a sudden drop in demand.
- Furthermore, the seclusion of women within marriage and family life allows them to buffer the psychological shocks and reverses associated with industrial life.
- It will also lose a $900,000 provincial grant that buffered the effect of dropping enrolment on a new provincial funding formula.
- This raises the question of whether the exogenous enzyme is a poor target for the C 3 leaf PEPCk, or alternatively, whether a compensation mechanism is induced to buffer the impact of the genetic modification.
- It was buffered by a rock wall erected by the Archaeological Survey of India in 1978 to secure the monument against erosion, but a lawn and some outlying structures were buried in silt.
- You see, it had bought the riskiest bonds everywhere, believing that such diversification would buffer it against any given one going bad.
- In the 1990s, the company sought to diversify its assets to buffer sagging rail business, which included buying Vancouver Wharves and Canadian Stevedoring.
- So easy to read; why, then, does Harris feel the need to buffer each story with a short introduction?
- While print may provide context, a photo leaves relatively little to our imagination and elicits emotions otherwise buffered by words.
- Network support can influence fathers' involvement by buffering men's stress during the transition to parenthood.
- The main finding to date is that breast-feeding appears to buffer women's stress response.
- Does a sweep of lawn buffer the house from the road?
- I love how the snow buffered the sound of the cars on the nearby streets.
- Among family members, social support can help buffer the negative impacts of poverty and economic hardship.
- Substantial research efforts have been directed to factors believed to buffer occupational stress, such as individual coping skills and social support.
- Mangroves buffer mainland areas from the strong storms that routinely hit tropical coasts and are natural protection areas for sea life and birds.
Synonyms cushion, absorb, soften, lessen, diminish, moderate, mitigate, allay, deaden, muffle, stifle, shield 2Treat with a chemical buffer. add organic matter to buffer the resulting alkalinity Example sentencesExamples - Each media type, including SIM, was buffered with 25 mM MES and cultured for 35 d.
- A total of 30 flies were homogenized in 1 ml of 0.32 M sucrose buffered with 10 mM Tris HCl pH 7.6.
- The pH of the medium was not buffered and the volume in each container was maintained by regularly adding fresh nutrient solution to compensate for plant consumption and evaporation.
- Ten beetles were prepared for SEM by cooling on ice and immersion into cold 2% glutaraldehyde buffered in .2M sodium cacodylate for 36 hours.
- Weaver and associates compared pain on instillation of plain tetracaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution with pain caused by a solution buffered with sodium bicarbonate to a pH level of 7.4.
3Computing
Store (data) in a buffer while it is being processed or transferred. try buffering as much of the video stream as you can before you hit the 'play' button Example sentencesExamples - The processing is done by buffering the output and saving it in the cache file before it is sent to the client.
- With the advent of 3D accelerators, the video memory was burdened with the additional task of buffering the 3D data.
- The random access memory stores and buffers the millions of instructions per second that the processor has to churn through.
- The proxy then buffers the image in its own memory and terminates the connection on the server side, freeing that server resource for a new user.
- The video is buffered on the hard drive before recording.
- But how, you might ask, were they able to buffer bits of data ahead of the current streaming rate?
- Cunningly, the machine buffers everything, allowing you to capture a complete song or show, even if you don't press 'record' as soon as it starts.
- Dedicated servers have large amounts of Ram memory so they can store and buffer large amounts of data.
- The radio plays in real time - it doesn't buffer or save the audio before you hear.
- The device buffers songs in memory, including sufficient for 30 minutes' anti-skip playback.
Phrases Come to a sudden unsuccessful end. his world championship campaign looked as if it had hit the buffers Example sentencesExamples - No sooner are the local elections over than the government's decentralisation plan has hit the buffers.
- Witham's long-awaited rail bridge project has finally hit the buffers.
- A city centre shop opened amid high hopes by the National Railway Museum less than two years ago has hit the buffers.
- Television income, so long the sport's gravy train, has hit the buffers.
- His ambitious reform plans had hit the buffers.
- But Hall's vision hit the buffers and he lost millions of pounds.
- Attempts to hoist a 20 ft high locomotive statue which commemorates the past glory of Horwich Loco Works have continued to hit the buffers.
- Plans to run Eurostar train services from York to Paris have finally hit the buffers.
- A number of other fresh start schools across the country have hit the buffers with many set to close later this year.
- Bradford & Bingley's dogged pursuit of Macclesfield for the play-off place in the National League finally hit the buffers on Saturday.
Origin Mid 19th century: probably from obsolete buff (verb), imitative of the sound of a blow to a soft body. Rhymes bluffer, duffer, puffer, snuffer, suffer noun ˈbʌfəˈbəfər British informal An elderly man who is considered to be foolishly old-fashioned, unworldly, or incompetent. a distinguished old buffer Example sentencesExamples - So unless the lass had an unhealthy taste for doddering old buffers like you and me, my theory's up the spout.
- Back then the old buffers declared that they wanted to make Scotland the leading rugby nation in the world.
- One of the mysteries of the age is how this boy from Brixton managed to transform himself into a genial old buffer who speaks in a language that, if it was ever used outside the pages of fiction, can be carbon-dated to around 1928.
- Even though he can be an old buffer type of commentator at times, no one who has listened to him can say that he doesn't inform and doesn't contribute.
- The old buffers suddenly woke up to the carpet-baggers' plans to sell off the assets and called a meeting.
- There's an old buffer there who is anybody's for a pint of Guinness and a kind word.
- Every time I see the old buffers talking about how it would change the game to use TV footage to determine decisions, as if that is somehow something to be avoided, I think ‘yes, precisely’.
- Mind you, some of the old buffers at the New Club have got wind of this and say they have slipped Fraser a few new titbits about Jack's role in the Holyrood business.
- It all sounds jolly odd to me, but as you're always saying, I'm just an old buffer, half plastered most of the time, but that's neither here nor there.
- After all, who needed these scarred old buffers in the new dot.com era that would run forever?
- As you might expect of an old buffer, I much prefer the early days of the music biz.
- SIR - Although in a variety of British comedies ranging from the St Trinian's series to the Carry On gems such people as judges are caricatured as silly old buffers, there was some joy from the bench last week.
- But once he's on the road, this amiable old buffer turns into ‘Keef’, the black-clad guitar-ace.
- I have pictured the culprit as a rather benign old buffer spending his days in an alcoholic haze waiting for his pension.
- And then the old buffer adds: ‘Of course, they're not really English either.’
- There is one, however, which shows none of these characteristics and indeed suggests that, sharp tongue or no, he might have been a lovable old buffer.
- I admire Bill, and I wish the Labour Party had a few old buffers of his calibre around to glance over some of the more radical proposals, but he's out of touch here.
- So we are getting to be a lot of bad-tempered old buffers.
- Nobody could pretend that he hadn't become just an old buffer.
- Political pundits, as they turn in 2004 to the North's European Parliament election, must sympathise with the old buffer.
Origin Mid 18th century: probably from obsolete buff (see buffer1), or from dialect buff 'stutter, splutter' (possibly the same word). In late Middle English buffer had the sense 'stammerer'. nounˈbəfərˈbəfər 1A person or thing that prevents incompatible or antagonistic people or things from coming into contact with or harming each other. family and friends can provide a buffer against stress Example sentencesExamples - Russia views Ukraine as a key part of its historic sphere of influence, a major transit route for its oil and gas exports and a buffer between the expanding EU and NATO.
- Outside, the railed front garden with side lawn is surprisingly generous in comparison with many homes so close to the city centre, and provides a generous buffer between the property and Botanic Road.
- Thus, swearing evolved a useful purpose as a buffer between fury and the instinct to beat the living daylights out of each other.
- I act as a buffer between him and the rest of the world when he needs it, and in return I get somebody who's a tremendous amount of fun when he feels good, and who is very good at understanding my own emotional foibles.
- Anthony, whose job it was to act as a buffer between editorial staff and management and who always looked as though he was on the verge of a heart attack, slammed the phone down, cursed and reached for a cigarette.
- Doubt is the buffer between blind faith and cold logic.
- A provision was made to donate the remaining 15 acres to the council to be used as a buffer between developments.
- The cane farmers on the Sunshine Coast have provided not just a monetary benefit to the local economy: their crops have acted as a green buffer between settlements on the coast.
- These act as a buffer between businesses and the public bodies they are seeking information from.
- The best thing about taking pictures is the camera acts as a buffer between you and everyone else.
- Safety stock is used for the same reason as lead time - to provide a buffer of inventory to reduce the chance of a back order in the face of variability.
- West African authorities spoke Saturday of the force deploying fairly quickly, with the aim of serving as a buffer between rebels and government.
- A better approach is to build time buffers into the project.
- But democracy is more than just an idea; it requires an intricate network of institutions; it needs a civil society to act as a buffer between the people and power.
- The area serves as a natural buffer between Brookhaven and Wallingford homes.
- It can be a shield too, surely, a buffer between the committing of an act and its execution.
- ‘This increase will not act as a buffer between children and poverty and will certainly do nothing to help parents pay for childcare,’ she added.
- Evidently the major job of a PA or Private Secretary of an important official is to act as a buffer between his master and the inconvenient hordes seeking favours or the querulous ones voicing complaints.
- While technology no doubt aids journalism's mission to inform society by removing obstacles of time and distance, it also provides an unwelcome buffer between the reporter and the public.
- I believe that historical forces push us into conflict and without the law as a buffer between people, we would have a world of vendetta, a world of violence, a world of chaos.
2Chemistry
A solution that resists changes in pH when acid or alkali is added to it. Buffers typically involve a weak acid or alkali together with one of its salts. Example sentencesExamples - To fill the channels with the aqueous buffer solution, the hydrophobic surface of PDMS was wetted with ethanol, which was gradually replaced by water.
- Root tissue was pulverized in a mortar under liquid nitrogen and homogenized with buffers for the preparation of soluble extracts or plasma membranes.
- Chemical buffers can affect the uptake of macronutrients by reducing the pH gradient through the plasma membrane.
- When cyanobacterial cells are immersed in buffers of high osmotic strength, phycobilisome diffusion is strongly inhibited.
- A spectral change was observed upon addition of lipid vesicles to the buffer solution of the sensitizers.
3Computing
A temporary memory area in which data is stored while it is being processed or transferred, especially one used while streaming video or downloading audio. Example sentencesExamples - Flash memory works as a buffer because most data is read from the hard drive.
- The data processing device may further include a write buffer for storing write data.
- Much like a cache, the buffer is a data area between the requests being sent to the hard disk, and the data stored on the disk itself.
- You can paste the text in your copy buffer into the active window with Ctrl-A.
- First we create a buffer that is one byte bigger than the user string and fill it with zeros.
verbˈbəfərˈbəfər [with object]1Lessen or moderate the impact of (something) the massage helped to buffer the strain Example sentencesExamples - So easy to read; why, then, does Harris feel the need to buffer each story with a short introduction?
- While print may provide context, a photo leaves relatively little to our imagination and elicits emotions otherwise buffered by words.
- I love how the snow buffered the sound of the cars on the nearby streets.
- You see, it had bought the riskiest bonds everywhere, believing that such diversification would buffer it against any given one going bad.
- In any case, the industry is buffered from a sudden drop in demand.
- Does a sweep of lawn buffer the house from the road?
- This raises the question of whether the exogenous enzyme is a poor target for the C 3 leaf PEPCk, or alternatively, whether a compensation mechanism is induced to buffer the impact of the genetic modification.
- Furthermore, the seclusion of women within marriage and family life allows them to buffer the psychological shocks and reverses associated with industrial life.
- Mangroves buffer mainland areas from the strong storms that routinely hit tropical coasts and are natural protection areas for sea life and birds.
- The main finding to date is that breast-feeding appears to buffer women's stress response.
- Among family members, social support can help buffer the negative impacts of poverty and economic hardship.
- It was buffered by a rock wall erected by the Archaeological Survey of India in 1978 to secure the monument against erosion, but a lawn and some outlying structures were buried in silt.
- Neat salicylic acid is too tough on stomachs, so scientists had to find a way to buffer it.
- Right through the 1997-98 meltdown, Taiwan was Asia's Treasure Island - its high foreign reserves and low foreign debt buffered it from the pain suffered elsewhere.
- In the 1990s, the company sought to diversify its assets to buffer sagging rail business, which included buying Vancouver Wharves and Canadian Stevedoring.
- Network support can influence fathers' involvement by buffering men's stress during the transition to parenthood.
- Substantial research efforts have been directed to factors believed to buffer occupational stress, such as individual coping skills and social support.
- It will also lose a $900,000 provincial grant that buffered the effect of dropping enrolment on a new provincial funding formula.
- Onwards from the classic study of Freud and Burlingham in 1943, the literature shows the positive effects of family attachment and other supports in buffering the impact of war on children.
- He has always emphasised the need to protect those on fixed incomes and has instructed successive governments to do their utmost to buffer them against the strains of economic reform.
Synonyms cushion, absorb, soften, lessen, diminish, moderate, mitigate, allay, deaden, muffle, stifle, shield 2Treat with a chemical buffer. add organic matter to buffer the resulting alkalinity Example sentencesExamples - A total of 30 flies were homogenized in 1 ml of 0.32 M sucrose buffered with 10 mM Tris HCl pH 7.6.
- The pH of the medium was not buffered and the volume in each container was maintained by regularly adding fresh nutrient solution to compensate for plant consumption and evaporation.
- Weaver and associates compared pain on instillation of plain tetracaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution with pain caused by a solution buffered with sodium bicarbonate to a pH level of 7.4.
- Ten beetles were prepared for SEM by cooling on ice and immersion into cold 2% glutaraldehyde buffered in .2M sodium cacodylate for 36 hours.
- Each media type, including SIM, was buffered with 25 mM MES and cultured for 35 d.
3Computing
Store (data) in a buffer while it is being processed or transferred. try buffering as much of the video stream as you can before you hit the 'play' button Example sentencesExamples - The video is buffered on the hard drive before recording.
- The radio plays in real time - it doesn't buffer or save the audio before you hear.
- Dedicated servers have large amounts of Ram memory so they can store and buffer large amounts of data.
- The random access memory stores and buffers the millions of instructions per second that the processor has to churn through.
- The proxy then buffers the image in its own memory and terminates the connection on the server side, freeing that server resource for a new user.
- With the advent of 3D accelerators, the video memory was burdened with the additional task of buffering the 3D data.
- But how, you might ask, were they able to buffer bits of data ahead of the current streaming rate?
- The device buffers songs in memory, including sufficient for 30 minutes' anti-skip playback.
- The processing is done by buffering the output and saving it in the cache file before it is sent to the client.
- Cunningly, the machine buffers everything, allowing you to capture a complete song or show, even if you don't press 'record' as soon as it starts.
Origin Mid 19th century: probably from obsolete buff (verb), imitative of the sound of a blow to a soft body. nounˈbəfərˈbəfər British informal An elderly man who is considered to be foolishly old-fashioned, unworldly, or incompetent. a distinguished old buffer Example sentencesExamples - There's an old buffer there who is anybody's for a pint of Guinness and a kind word.
- Mind you, some of the old buffers at the New Club have got wind of this and say they have slipped Fraser a few new titbits about Jack's role in the Holyrood business.
- There is one, however, which shows none of these characteristics and indeed suggests that, sharp tongue or no, he might have been a lovable old buffer.
- As you might expect of an old buffer, I much prefer the early days of the music biz.
- Even though he can be an old buffer type of commentator at times, no one who has listened to him can say that he doesn't inform and doesn't contribute.
- It all sounds jolly odd to me, but as you're always saying, I'm just an old buffer, half plastered most of the time, but that's neither here nor there.
- One of the mysteries of the age is how this boy from Brixton managed to transform himself into a genial old buffer who speaks in a language that, if it was ever used outside the pages of fiction, can be carbon-dated to around 1928.
- Nobody could pretend that he hadn't become just an old buffer.
- After all, who needed these scarred old buffers in the new dot.com era that would run forever?
- SIR - Although in a variety of British comedies ranging from the St Trinian's series to the Carry On gems such people as judges are caricatured as silly old buffers, there was some joy from the bench last week.
- I admire Bill, and I wish the Labour Party had a few old buffers of his calibre around to glance over some of the more radical proposals, but he's out of touch here.
- So we are getting to be a lot of bad-tempered old buffers.
- And then the old buffer adds: ‘Of course, they're not really English either.’
- Political pundits, as they turn in 2004 to the North's European Parliament election, must sympathise with the old buffer.
- The old buffers suddenly woke up to the carpet-baggers' plans to sell off the assets and called a meeting.
- Back then the old buffers declared that they wanted to make Scotland the leading rugby nation in the world.
- But once he's on the road, this amiable old buffer turns into ‘Keef’, the black-clad guitar-ace.
- I have pictured the culprit as a rather benign old buffer spending his days in an alcoholic haze waiting for his pension.
- So unless the lass had an unhealthy taste for doddering old buffers like you and me, my theory's up the spout.
- Every time I see the old buffers talking about how it would change the game to use TV footage to determine decisions, as if that is somehow something to be avoided, I think ‘yes, precisely’.
Origin Mid 18th century: probably from obsolete buff (see buffer), or from dialect buff ‘stutter, splutter’ (possibly the same word). In late Middle English buffer had the sense ‘stammerer’. |