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单词 contentious
释义

Definition of contentious in English:

contentious

adjective kənˈtɛnʃəskənˈtɛn(t)ʃəs
  • 1Causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial.

    a contentious issue
    Example sentencesExamples
    • Analogous battles over school finance issues will likely become just as contentious and prolonged.
    • He said car use in the city centre was likely to be contentious, but that cars should not be banned - just used in moderation.
    • This last piece of evidence is particularly contentious and likely to feature prominently in the appeal.
    • Climate change legislation remained contentious and it seems likely that it will studied to death until it's too late to do anything.
    • It would impose an impossible burden on a jobbing printer to have to employ an in-house lawyer to vet contentious or controversial material.
    • Sex and reproductive control have to become less contentious issues.
    • E-mail is a notoriously bad way to resolve serious disputes over contentious issues, since it easily leads to harsh tones and misunderstandings.
    • I shall therefore summarise the parties' respective arguments on these contentious issues.
    • The most contentious issue is likely to be a provision encouraging commissioners to facilitate voluntary co-operation by witness to be heard in private.
    • First aid was also a contentious issue in the dispute.
    • In the long run the most contentious issue is likely to be wages.
    • Of course controversies and contentious issues have emerged.
    • Thus the issue remains contentious and unresolved at this time.
    • That is a very real concern, as is the fact that the Minister has the power to resolve any contentious or unresolved issues to do with scopes of practice.
    • Although Tanzania is one of the least densely populated countries in eastern Africa, control and access to productive lands has become an increasingly contentious issue.
    • Lin suggested that the legislature could initially review only funds to control the epidemic and leave more contentious issues for further discussion.
    • Some of the most contentious and disputed issues of our day are matters of bioethics.
    • But the moves for exemption are likely to prove highly contentious, coming as they do in the run-up to elections to the Scottish parliament.
    • Other questions of organizational control are also contentious.
    • As I stated in the opening paragraph of my article, the issue is contentious and controversial.
    Synonyms
    controversial, disputable, debatable, disputed, contended, open to question/debate, moot, vexed
    ambivalent, equivocal, unsure, uncertain, unresolved, undecided, unsettled, borderline
    rare controvertible
    1. 1.1 Involving heated argument.
      the socio-economic plan had been the subject of contentious debate
      Example sentencesExamples
      • There was no winner in Thursday night's debate, which was the most contentious of the four debates held so far.
      • Did such groups welcome or avoid contentious debates?
      • The transgene contamination is certain to fuel the contentious debate over the use of genetically modified crops.
      • Thus, the structural trigger for detailed public debate on contentious matters would be gone.
      • Such strategies can help cut through contentious debates by providing plans of action that all can agree will play out no matter whose view of the future proves correct.
      • Citizenship is centred on the notion of autonomous individuals - by definition, adults - making choices about who runs the government and engaging in contentious debate.
      • Although many agreed that this system was not compatible with separation, the introduction of a new system was highly contentious and hotly debated.
      • It will spark months of contentious debate in Congress, where lawmakers will fight to protect their favored programs.
      • Frank, how do Americans view the very contentious debates over teaching evolution and intelligent design?
      • One of the most contentious areas of debate concerns the ‘stability’ of contracts.
      • Her request was made during a contentious debate about raising admissions standards at Nevada's public institutions, which she opposes.
      • A contentious and nuanced debate within our polity that is therefore sure to continue is the one about the value and meaning of neo-conservatism.
      • As well, the contentious debate over the full disclosure of vulnerabilities will continue to rage amongst security stakeholders.
      • The coercive powers of the State should not be employed in either side of a debate over contentious morality, but they should be employed to uphold the free choices of adults.
      • I feel somewhat guilty for dismissing what is certainly a very contentious debate in a few lines yesterday.
      • We're covering all sides of this very contentious debate.
      • In 1996, after much contentious debate, Congress passed historic welfare reform legislation.
      • The film refuses to judge - both sides of this contentious debate are vividly and powerfully drawn.
      • The development of regulations and guidelines for the emerging technologies has led to a contentious public debate about genetic engineering.
      • Nowhere is the debate more lively and contentious than in psychiatric genetics, but in truth there is a dearth of substantiated, empirical data.
      Synonyms
      heated, vehement, fierce, violent, intense, impassioned, committed
    2. 1.2 (of a person) given to provoking argument.
      Example sentencesExamples
      • He is known as a bold, often contentious director.
      • These were complex, troubled, frequently contentious people.
      • What these beneficiaries of social mobility urged on contentious workers was pious resignation, and in no city did they sermonize more harshly than in Rouen.
      • In the commentaries that precede the extracts, the editor is at pains to present potentially contentious figures as unanimously acclaimed.
      • Cadorna would become one of the most contentious figures in the history of the war.
      • Strange was it to see two so vastly different men as these: Lin was a simple, small town boy, while Jamie was a brilliant, yet from time to time arrogant and contentious man with a youthful side to him.
      • By all accounts, her husband was contentious and physically abusive.
      • He was, and remains, a contentious figure, accused by some of scheming and power-mongering.
      • We have always been a contentious people without any hesitation to tear down our leaders.
      • She'd been expecting a sweet, unfortunate boy that she might perhaps feel some compassion for, but at the moment all she should feel for this contentious lad was anger.
      • There is nothing contentious or political about them.
      • At about the same time, the Pentagon's exultation of a contentious personality reflected an increasingly codified belief in speed.
      • A small, dark, contentious people known as the Picts held sway over the islands until the eighth and ninth centuries, when Viking invaders arrived.
      • Now the tables are turned on the university's contentious president.
      • A strongly contentious figure, he garnered many enemies as well as advocates.
      • A contentious or belligerent personality toward others is indicative of hyper-sensitivity and a feeling of never being fully understood.
      • The book fails to portray the bawdy and contentious woman who wanted always to be on center stage.
      • I don't like breaches and I am not a particularly contentious person at all, but if my back is against the wall I can certainly muster all my inner forces.
      • The Greeks did not have the capacity to write philosophy, because they were a contentious people.
      • A blow to the nose, sharply given by an experienced pastor during a congregational debate, can put a contentious layperson into a stupor.
      Synonyms
      argumentative, quarrelsome, disputatious, disputative, confrontational, captious, factious, cavilling, pugnacious, combative, ready for a fight, defiant, hostile, antagonistic, bellicose, belligerent, militant, warring, fighting, battling
    3. 1.3Law Relating to or involving differences between contending parties.
      Example sentencesExamples
      • It looks as if the only contentious affidavit is this one you are about to tell me about, Mr Douglas.
      • I therefore agree that the client care letter or any contentious business agreement should be attached to the bill of costs.
      • As between solicitor and client in both contentious and non-contentious costs the taxing officer starts with the retainer.
      • A still more contentious area surrounds the question whether the defendants, or either of them, should be permitted to make purchases.
      • My Lord, you will be aware of the contentious nature of this litigation between the parties.
      • Are there other examples of the Supreme Court resolving contentious moral questions based on ambiguous constitutional text?
      • It was also a reform which concentrated on a single, highly contentious aspect of transplantation law and ignored long-standing proposals for reform and European initiatives.
      • It is not easy for third parties to intervene in bilateral contentious litigation.
      • Very competent counsel represented the parties and settled many of the contentious matters.
      • Of course, there would be limits to this freedom, such as where a party is giving contentious evidence in an arbitration.
      • The century-old organization used to be at the mercy of the often contentious parties in Italy's coalition governments.
      • He refrained from reaching any firm conclusion, but said that it was plain that the entirety of the claimants' cases was contentious to a degree.
      • When counsel appears as a witness on a contentious matter, it causes two problems.
      • They are inapplicable to orders made by a court of unlimited jurisdiction in the course of contentious litigation.
      • And what inspiration will a new CEO bring to that very contentious party?
      • The Convention has thus not resolved some of the contentious extraterritorial claims by some states.
      • We must find an accord, even if it involves the imposition of peace keeping force between the contentious parties.
      • The Continuing Record extends to eleven volumes and includes serious, contentious allegations back and forth between the parties and other deponents.
      • Solicitors acting for their clients in contentious business of any kind frequently have to write letters which are or may be defamatory of their clients' adversaries.
      • On the other hand, reopening contentious matters or permitting one or more of the parties to add to their case or make a new case should rarely be allowed.

Derivatives

  • contentiously

  • adverbkənˈtɛnʃəslikənˈtɛn(t)ʃəsli
    • Where is innovative American poetry headed, in your opinion, as someone who's been involved, if contentiously, at times, in the - if you'll excuse the word - scene?
      Example sentencesExamples
      • Most contentiously, the treaty provided for the partition of Ireland, as six Ulster provinces remained part of the United Kingdom as Northern Ireland.
      • Or was he, more contentiously, acting as an agent for someone else?
      • This, she thinks, supports her theory, because contentiously perhaps today women's evolutionary role is to protect both themselves and their offspring from disease.
      • And, contentiously, isn't this not that dissimilar to the intellectual tactics of Anti-Semites?
      • More contentiously, I think that this point generalises to many left wing positions.
      • It proves they can grow old just as contentiously as they grew up, that theirs is not a muse whom custom can wither.
      • Its fifth volume, on Washington's presidency, was so contentiously Federalist that Jefferson considered writing a rebuttal.
      • She hadn't heard him speaking so contentiously since their first few meetings on the ship and, to be quite honest, it disgusted her.
      • Methadone dose continues to be contentiously debated in the literature.
      • It will hear oral evidence from witnesses in sessions which contentiously are being held behind closed doors beginning in York next month.
      • Importantly, when spouses divorce, figuring out what they own and how it all should be divided is often one of the most contentiously debated topics.
      • Most contentiously, the applicant must be a Canadian citizen or a permanent resident.
      • It portrays the West falsely and contentiously.
      • But as I sat there and contentiously played the role of the loyal opposition, it occurred to me that, as I wrote above, Roger didn't really care much about all that.
      • Of all the fraternal film-making teams working today, they are the most contentiously received.
      • Canada is a federal system whose powers are formally and sometimes contentiously divided between the national and provincial governments.
      • They might throw out a statement that disrupts the conversation, or respond contentiously to a question.
      • Its existence and size have been contentiously argued for several years.
      • The favoured date for the foundation of St Peter's is AD 627, even though one commentator contentiously describes this as ‘the stuff of legend’.
  • contentiousness

  • noun kənˈtɛnʃəsnəskənˈtɛn(t)ʃəsnəs
    • My parents divorced when I was two, and the only thing I regret is that I didn't even meet my father until I was 8 because of the contentiousness of the divorce, which was apparently as ugly as it gets.
      Example sentencesExamples
      • The contentiousness came to a head just before the primary, when the two candidates met in the street and engaged in a half-hour verbal slugfest.
      • Given the fiery contentiousness that defines our current academic milieu, we would do well to emulate the tough-minded but collegial exchange between Howe and Ellison.
      • Bravery and contentiousness are a big part of Georges's story.
      • Since then, interest in the question has continued with an undiminished level of unsettled contentiousness.
      • Tired of the contentiousness of extremes in conflict?
      • Despite the contentiousness of a mandatory fee for a universal transit pass, it did pass by a small majority.
      • With so much potential contentiousness, how does cooperation start?
      • The tone suggests the contentiousness of those uncertain times.
      • Both generally disagree with conservatism and the President causing the council to be troubled by internal contentiousness.
      • Despite the contentiousness of her vacation behavior, it is still my opinion that she should have been allowed to continue as a newscaster in Youngstown.
      • The concern is not with the way scientists and geographers parcel out land in manageable pieces, although this is where the contentiousness surrounding bioregionalism resides.
      • Rather, his competence would be questioned for allowing so much contentiousness to exist on his patch.
      • When asked to comment on the often-reported contentiousness between doctors and sales reps, Crocker takes a psychodynamic approach.
      • The contentiousness also reached Washington, where the Justice Department approved the plan although staff lawyers concluded that it diluted minority voting rights.
      • Panel shows the contentiousness of immigration issues.
      • By contrast, veto messages by their very nature involve disagreement and may, in some instances at least, slip over into contentiousness.
      • But while there is contentiousness, there is hardly a debate.
      • The ideal seemed to be media that better reflect America, with its diversity, its ideological contentiousness, its multitude of values and standards.
      • The contentiousness they can arouse is so intense, the struggle to control riverine bounties is echoed in the synonym for ‘opponent’ - rival.

Origin

Late Middle English: from Old French contentieux, from Latin contentiosus, from content- 'striven', from the verb contendere.

Rhymes

conscientious, licentious, pretentious, sententious, tendentious
 
 

Definition of contentious in US English:

contentious

adjectivekənˈten(t)SHəskənˈtɛn(t)ʃəs
  • 1Causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial.

    a contentious issue
    Example sentencesExamples
    • Although Tanzania is one of the least densely populated countries in eastern Africa, control and access to productive lands has become an increasingly contentious issue.
    • Of course controversies and contentious issues have emerged.
    • Analogous battles over school finance issues will likely become just as contentious and prolonged.
    • Lin suggested that the legislature could initially review only funds to control the epidemic and leave more contentious issues for further discussion.
    • He said car use in the city centre was likely to be contentious, but that cars should not be banned - just used in moderation.
    • Sex and reproductive control have to become less contentious issues.
    • That is a very real concern, as is the fact that the Minister has the power to resolve any contentious or unresolved issues to do with scopes of practice.
    • Climate change legislation remained contentious and it seems likely that it will studied to death until it's too late to do anything.
    • E-mail is a notoriously bad way to resolve serious disputes over contentious issues, since it easily leads to harsh tones and misunderstandings.
    • But the moves for exemption are likely to prove highly contentious, coming as they do in the run-up to elections to the Scottish parliament.
    • First aid was also a contentious issue in the dispute.
    • This last piece of evidence is particularly contentious and likely to feature prominently in the appeal.
    • Thus the issue remains contentious and unresolved at this time.
    • The most contentious issue is likely to be a provision encouraging commissioners to facilitate voluntary co-operation by witness to be heard in private.
    • Other questions of organizational control are also contentious.
    • As I stated in the opening paragraph of my article, the issue is contentious and controversial.
    • Some of the most contentious and disputed issues of our day are matters of bioethics.
    • In the long run the most contentious issue is likely to be wages.
    • I shall therefore summarise the parties' respective arguments on these contentious issues.
    • It would impose an impossible burden on a jobbing printer to have to employ an in-house lawyer to vet contentious or controversial material.
    Synonyms
    controversial, disputable, debatable, disputed, contended, open to debate, open to question, moot, vexed
    1. 1.1 Involving heated argument.
      the socioeconomic plan had been the subject of contentious debate
      Example sentencesExamples
      • The coercive powers of the State should not be employed in either side of a debate over contentious morality, but they should be employed to uphold the free choices of adults.
      • Nowhere is the debate more lively and contentious than in psychiatric genetics, but in truth there is a dearth of substantiated, empirical data.
      • Such strategies can help cut through contentious debates by providing plans of action that all can agree will play out no matter whose view of the future proves correct.
      • Did such groups welcome or avoid contentious debates?
      • One of the most contentious areas of debate concerns the ‘stability’ of contracts.
      • Frank, how do Americans view the very contentious debates over teaching evolution and intelligent design?
      • The transgene contamination is certain to fuel the contentious debate over the use of genetically modified crops.
      • There was no winner in Thursday night's debate, which was the most contentious of the four debates held so far.
      • It will spark months of contentious debate in Congress, where lawmakers will fight to protect their favored programs.
      • A contentious and nuanced debate within our polity that is therefore sure to continue is the one about the value and meaning of neo-conservatism.
      • Citizenship is centred on the notion of autonomous individuals - by definition, adults - making choices about who runs the government and engaging in contentious debate.
      • Thus, the structural trigger for detailed public debate on contentious matters would be gone.
      • We're covering all sides of this very contentious debate.
      • In 1996, after much contentious debate, Congress passed historic welfare reform legislation.
      • The film refuses to judge - both sides of this contentious debate are vividly and powerfully drawn.
      • The development of regulations and guidelines for the emerging technologies has led to a contentious public debate about genetic engineering.
      • I feel somewhat guilty for dismissing what is certainly a very contentious debate in a few lines yesterday.
      • Although many agreed that this system was not compatible with separation, the introduction of a new system was highly contentious and hotly debated.
      • As well, the contentious debate over the full disclosure of vulnerabilities will continue to rage amongst security stakeholders.
      • Her request was made during a contentious debate about raising admissions standards at Nevada's public institutions, which she opposes.
      Synonyms
      heated, vehement, fierce, violent, intense, impassioned, committed
    2. 1.2 (of a person) given to arguing or provoking argument.
      a contentious politician haranguing a crowd
      Example sentencesExamples
      • What these beneficiaries of social mobility urged on contentious workers was pious resignation, and in no city did they sermonize more harshly than in Rouen.
      • The Greeks did not have the capacity to write philosophy, because they were a contentious people.
      • I don't like breaches and I am not a particularly contentious person at all, but if my back is against the wall I can certainly muster all my inner forces.
      • There is nothing contentious or political about them.
      • These were complex, troubled, frequently contentious people.
      • The book fails to portray the bawdy and contentious woman who wanted always to be on center stage.
      • A small, dark, contentious people known as the Picts held sway over the islands until the eighth and ninth centuries, when Viking invaders arrived.
      • Cadorna would become one of the most contentious figures in the history of the war.
      • A strongly contentious figure, he garnered many enemies as well as advocates.
      • He was, and remains, a contentious figure, accused by some of scheming and power-mongering.
      • A blow to the nose, sharply given by an experienced pastor during a congregational debate, can put a contentious layperson into a stupor.
      • A contentious or belligerent personality toward others is indicative of hyper-sensitivity and a feeling of never being fully understood.
      • In the commentaries that precede the extracts, the editor is at pains to present potentially contentious figures as unanimously acclaimed.
      • By all accounts, her husband was contentious and physically abusive.
      • He is known as a bold, often contentious director.
      • We have always been a contentious people without any hesitation to tear down our leaders.
      • She'd been expecting a sweet, unfortunate boy that she might perhaps feel some compassion for, but at the moment all she should feel for this contentious lad was anger.
      • At about the same time, the Pentagon's exultation of a contentious personality reflected an increasingly codified belief in speed.
      • Now the tables are turned on the university's contentious president.
      • Strange was it to see two so vastly different men as these: Lin was a simple, small town boy, while Jamie was a brilliant, yet from time to time arrogant and contentious man with a youthful side to him.
      Synonyms
      argumentative, quarrelsome, disputatious, disputative, confrontational, captious, factious, cavilling, pugnacious, combative, ready for a fight, defiant, hostile, antagonistic, bellicose, belligerent, militant, warring, fighting, battling
    3. 1.3Law Relating to or involving differences between contending parties.
      Example sentencesExamples
      • And what inspiration will a new CEO bring to that very contentious party?
      • Of course, there would be limits to this freedom, such as where a party is giving contentious evidence in an arbitration.
      • The century-old organization used to be at the mercy of the often contentious parties in Italy's coalition governments.
      • The Continuing Record extends to eleven volumes and includes serious, contentious allegations back and forth between the parties and other deponents.
      • It looks as if the only contentious affidavit is this one you are about to tell me about, Mr Douglas.
      • It is not easy for third parties to intervene in bilateral contentious litigation.
      • I therefore agree that the client care letter or any contentious business agreement should be attached to the bill of costs.
      • When counsel appears as a witness on a contentious matter, it causes two problems.
      • As between solicitor and client in both contentious and non-contentious costs the taxing officer starts with the retainer.
      • They are inapplicable to orders made by a court of unlimited jurisdiction in the course of contentious litigation.
      • Solicitors acting for their clients in contentious business of any kind frequently have to write letters which are or may be defamatory of their clients' adversaries.
      • Very competent counsel represented the parties and settled many of the contentious matters.
      • It was also a reform which concentrated on a single, highly contentious aspect of transplantation law and ignored long-standing proposals for reform and European initiatives.
      • We must find an accord, even if it involves the imposition of peace keeping force between the contentious parties.
      • A still more contentious area surrounds the question whether the defendants, or either of them, should be permitted to make purchases.
      • My Lord, you will be aware of the contentious nature of this litigation between the parties.
      • On the other hand, reopening contentious matters or permitting one or more of the parties to add to their case or make a new case should rarely be allowed.
      • The Convention has thus not resolved some of the contentious extraterritorial claims by some states.
      • He refrained from reaching any firm conclusion, but said that it was plain that the entirety of the claimants' cases was contentious to a degree.
      • Are there other examples of the Supreme Court resolving contentious moral questions based on ambiguous constitutional text?

Origin

Late Middle English: from Old French contentieux, from Latin contentiosus, from content- ‘striven’, from the verb contendere.

 
 
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