单词	counterfactual
释义	counterfactual /ˌkaʊntəˈfaktʃʊəl / Philosophy adjective Relating to or expressing what has not happened or is not the case.But to generate knowledge independently of experience, a priori warrants must produce warranted true belief in counterfactual situations where experiences are different.... I also raise some questions concerning conceptual priority, and the issue of whether counterfactual analyses of causation are compatible with the view that causal relations are purely objective. Concerning ordinary physical objects, it is easy to imagine counterfactual cases where questions of identity become problematic. noun A counterfactual conditional statement (e.g. If kangaroos had no tails, they would topple over).Such a semantics states truth conditions for counterfactuals in terms of relations among possible worlds.... Recent attempts to analyze causation in terms of probabilistic counterfactuals have become quite intricate; see for example Noordhof. The moral to be drawn is that causation may imply that certain counterfactuals hold, but the holding of counterfactuals is not enough to show causation.
随便看	politburo polite politely politeness politesse politic political political action committee political agenda political animal political anthropology political arithmetic political capital political commissar political correctitude political correctness political economist political economy political football political geography political history political hostess political incorrectness politicalisation politicalise

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