释义 |
decay /dɪˈkeɪ /verb [no object]1(Of organic matter) rot or decompose through the action of bacteria and fungi: the body had begun to decay (as adjective decayed) decayed animal and plant matter (as adjective decaying) the odour of decaying fish...- This is a fungus also caused by excess fish waste and food decaying in the bottom of the tank.
- Organic material decays rapidly, especially in hot climes like that of Egypt, Evershed said.
- Litter in years gone by was really non existent and not the problem it is today, as packaging was simple and brown paper bags being organic quickly decayed.
Synonyms decompose, rot, putrefy, go bad, go off, spoil, fester, perish, deteriorate; degrade, break down, break up, moulder, shrivel, shrivel up, wither technical mortify, necrotize, sphacelate archaic corrupt decomposed, decomposing, rotten, rotting, putrescent, putrid, bad, off, spoiled, spoilt, perished; mouldy, mouldering, mildewy, festering, fetid, stinking, smelly, rancid, rank; maggoty, worm-eaten, wormy, flyblown decomposing, decomposed, rotting, rotten, putrescent, putrid, bad, off, spoiled, spoilt, perished; mouldy, mouldering, festering, fetid, stinking, smelly, rancid, rank; maggoty, worm-eaten, wormy, flyblown 1.1 [with object] Cause to rot or decompose: the fungus will decay soft timber...- The council said the fungi had decayed the roots.
- I stand to inherit a water penetration problem, caused not by my countless tea drinking, but by water decaying the roof beams in the lounge.
- It is easy for tiny amounts of food to get trapped in the tiny dents or fissures, and if you do not brush them thoroughly, bacteria can build up and start to decay the tooth.
1.2Fall into disrepair; deteriorate: facilities decay when money is not spent on refurbishment...- On the downside he's noticed that the urban infrastructure has decayed immeasurably in recent years.
- For years Blackburn's Church Street Pavilions have been allowed to crumble and decay so that the Grade ll listed buildings have become nothing more than an eyesore.
- A few suburbs have flourished, while the inner city has decayed and once relatively stable working class communities have deteriorated.
Synonyms deteriorate, degenerate, decline, go downhill, slump, slip, slide, go to rack and ruin, go to seed, run to seed, worsen, crumble, disintegrate, fall to pieces, come apart at the seams, fall into disrepair, become dilapidated; fail, wane, ebb, dwindle, collapse informal go to pot, go to the dogs, hit the skids, go down the tubes, go down the toilet Australian/New Zealand informal go to the pack declining, degenerating, dying, waning, crumbling, collapsing; run down, broken-down, tumbledown, ramshackle, shabby, battered, decrepit; in decline, on the decline, in ruins, in (a state of) disrepair, falling apart, falling to pieces informal on its last legs, on the way out 1.3Decline in quality, power, or vigour: the moral authority of the party was decaying...- But inevitably, a society acknowledging no transgenerational commitment to the future will decay and decline from within.
- Without the instability of the declining 18th century, as the old European order decayed, we would not have gained the French assistance decisive to our struggle for independence.
- Institutional inertia, social customs, and psychological habit ensure that systems can maintain their outer shapes long after they have begun to decay internally.
1.4 Physics (Of a radioactive substance, particle, etc.) undergo change to a different form by emitting radiation: the trapped radiocarbon begins to decay at a known rate the W-particle then decays into an electron and a neutrino...- Some atoms can undergo radioactive beta decay, in which a neutron decays into a proton, an electron and an electron-antineutrino via the weak nuclear force.
- Once solidified, the lead is ‘locked ‘in place and since the uranium decays to lead, the lead-to-uranium ratio increases with time.’
- The uranium eventually decays to radium and, eventually to polonium - 210, a substance that, when inhaled, can endanger tissue health and damage the immune system.
1.5 technical (Of a physical quantity) undergo a gradual decrease: the time taken for the current to decay to zero...- Since antibody affinity is expected to stay the same even in AIDS, unlike antibody quantity which decays in advanced disease, this approach is less likely to give false recent classification.
- We found that fluorescence decayed with an averaged time constant of 142.8 s due to photobleaching.
- LD decayed relatively slowly but steadily within genes.
noun [mass noun]1The state or process of rotting or decomposition: hardwood is more resistant to decay than softwood bacterial decay...- The most common type of tooth damage is decay, caused by a combination of poor toothbrushing and a sugary diet.
- The study did not find an association between secondhand smoke exposure and decay in permanent teeth.
- Bald cypress is exotic, and both woods are exceptionally decay resistant and are excellent building materials.
Synonyms decomposition, rotting, going bad, putrefaction, putrescence, putridity, festering, spoilage, perishing, withering, shrivelling; rot, mould, mildew, fungus archaic corruption rot, rotting, corrosion, corroding, decomposition; caries, cavities, holes rare cariosity 1.1Rotten matter or tissue: fluoride heals small spots of decay...- However, too much growth produces a strain on tissues and early decay.
- When the decay reaches the pulp tissue, the blood vessels, and the nerves that serve the tooth, the pain starts - an insistent throbbing.
- Layers of moss and decay give a funereal quality to this weighty hall.
1.2Structural or physical deterioration: the old barn rapidly fell into decay...- The home fell into decay by the start of the 1970s.
- Gradually the abandoned buildings fell into decay or were adopted for other uses.
- The home is still empty today, and has suffered considerable interior damage, including structural decay resulting from water leaks in the building.
Synonyms deterioration, degeneration, debasement, degradation, decline, slipping, waning, ebb, shrinking, withering, weakening, atrophy, crumbling, disintegration, collapse, lapse, fall, failure formal devolution dated decadence 1.3The process of declining in quality, power, or vigour: the problems of urban decay...- ‘Together let us find solutions to moral decay by jointly developing a strategy and a programme of action,’ Masondo says.
- People talk a lot about cultural decay and declining values and the blame is usually placed on evil liberals.
- For Webster's audience, Italy was perceived as a site of political intrigue, economic power, decadence, and moral decay.
1.4 Physics The change of a radioactive substance, particle, etc. into another by the emission of radiation: the gas radon is produced by the decay of uranium in rocks and soil [count noun]: he developed a detector for decays of carbon-14...- The radioactive decay releases energy in the form of ionising radiation.
- The principles of alpha decay are used in radioactive dating, in which half-lives play an important part.
- Radon is present in the atmosphere because it is constantly being formed during the radioactive decay of uranium and radium.
1.5 technical Gradual decrease in the magnitude of a physical quantity: the required time constant for current decay is 1 ms...- After linear baseline subtraction, to account for the gradual decay of the synchrotron beam intensity, two kinds of treatments were performed.
- Measurements of the decay of the electrical field across the thylakoid membrane following a light - dark transition might give some clues to this.
- This is one order of magnitude slower than the decay of K in the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle.
OriginLate Middle English: from Old French decair, based on Latin decidere 'fall down or off', from de- 'from' + cadere 'fall'. accident from Late Middle English: An accident was originally ‘an event, something that happens’, not necessarily a mishap. It came into English via Old French, ultimately from Latin cadere, meaning ‘to fall’, which also gave us words such as cadaver (Late Middle English) ‘someone fallen’, chance, decay (Late Middle English) ‘fall away’, incident (Late Middle English) ‘fall upon’ so ‘happen’; and occasion (Late Middle English). The idea of an event ‘falling’ remains in the English word befall (Old English). Later the meaning of accident evolved into ‘something that happens by chance’, as in the phrase a happy accident. By the 17th century the modern meaning had become established in the language. The full form of the proverb accidents will happen, which dates from the early 19th century, is accidents will happen in the best-regulated families. According to Mr Micawber in Charles Dickens's David Copperfield (1850): ‘Accidents will occur in the best-regulated families; and in families not regulated by…the influence of Woman, in the lofty character of Wife, they must be expected with confidence, and must be borne with philosophy.’ See also adventure
Rhymesaffray, agley, aka, allay, Angers, A-OK, appellation contrôlée, array, assay, astray, au fait, auto-da-fé, away, aweigh, aye, bay, belay, betray, bey, Bombay, Bordet, boulevardier, bouquet, brae, bray, café au lait, Carné, cassoulet, Cathay, chassé, chevet, chez, chiné, clay, convey, Cray, crème brûlée, crudités, cuvée, cy-pres, day, deejay, dégagé, distinguée, downplay, dray, Dufay, Dushanbe, eh, embay, engagé, essay, everyday, faraway, fay, fey, flay, fray, Frey, fromage frais, gainsay, Gaye, Genet, giclee, gilet, glissé, gray, grey, halfway, hay, heigh, hey, hooray, Hubei, Hué, hurray, inveigh, jay, jeunesse dorée, José, Kay, Kaye, Klee, Kray, Lae, lay, lei, Littré, Lough Neagh, lwei, Mae, maguey, Malay, Mallarmé, Mandalay, Marseilles, may, midday, midway, mislay, misplay, Monterrey, Na-Dene, nay, né, née, neigh, Ney, noway, obey, O'Dea, okay, olé, outlay, outplay, outstay, outweigh, oyez, part-way, pay, Pei, per se, pince-nez, play, portray, pray, prey, purvey, qua, Quai d'Orsay, Rae, rangé, ray, re, reflet, relevé, roman-à-clef, Santa Fé, say, sei, Shar Pei, shay, slay, sleigh, sley, spae, spay, Spey, splay, spray, stay, straightaway, straightway, strathspey, stray, Sui, survey, sway, Taipei, Tay, they, today, tokay, Torbay, Tournai, trait, tray, trey, two-way, ukiyo-e, underlay, way, waylay, Wei, weigh, wey, Whangarei, whey, yea |