tsar
/zɑː
/ /tsɑː /(also czar or tzar)
noun
1An emperor of Russia before 1917: [as title]: Tsar Nicholas II...
- The crowned heads of Europe - kings, emperors, tsars, and kaisers - still entertained each other at regattas, manœuvres, weddings, and funerals.
- When Washington was elected President of the United States in 1789, the Holy Roman Empire still existed, France had a king, Russia had a tsar, China had an emperor and Japan had a shogun - none of which exist today.
- The last czar of Russia, Nicholas II, and his czarina, Alexandra, led a contented family life with four daughters and a son.
1.1A South Slav ruler in former times, especially one reigning over Serbia in the 14th century: [as title]: the great martyr and prince of Serbia, Tsar Lazar...
- In the reign of the Bulgarian tsar Boris I, those territories were incorporated into several komitati (units of local authority).
- After the sixteenth century, the tsar's court, the gentry, and wealthy merchants supported metalworking, jewelry, textile, and porcelain workshops.
- In the 16th century the Bulgarian tsar Ivan Alexander who won a battle against the Byzantine army and made Perperikon a regional centre by appointing a governor.
2 (often czar) [usually with adjective or noun modifier] A person appointed by government to advise on and coordinate policy in a particular area: the former British drugs czar...
- We've heard about a lot of different czars climate czar, drug czar, now a border czar.
- I think what Jack just said about our schools failing, we need an education czar.
- Indeed, the government now desires a new regulatory agency under a sort of "czar for access."
Derivatives
tsardom
- They were similar to the revolutionaries of tsarist Russia, who also had diverse views of what would happen to their country after the end of tsardom.
- The distinctive feature of the Russian tsardom was that, after the fall of Constantinople, it was the only remaining independent Orthodox Christian principality.
- The notion of despotism masquerading as liberation was part of the Victorian liberal stereotype of tsardom.
tsarism
/ /ˈtsɑːrɪz(ə)m/ noun ...- But he should have considered the possibility - if only to reject it - that tsarism could have given way not to Bolshevism but to ‘liberal democracy,’ ‘social democracy’ or ‘peasant democracy.’
- Or would the overthrow of tsarism, the establishment of a democratic republic and the beginning of the transition to socialism proceed on the basis of the growth of Russian capitalism and the emergence of a modern industrial proletariat?
- Only the united Balkan peoples can give a real rebuff to the shameless pretensions of tsarism and European imperialism.
tsarist
/ /ˈtsɑːrɪst/ noun & adjective ...- The Stalinist leadership rehabilitated prerevolutionary military and cultural figures, while championing the Soviet state as the natural heir of the tsarist empire.
- When, in 1809, Finland became a grand duchy of the tsarist empire, the first seeds of national self-consciousness were sown.
- The third period began with the fall of tsarist Russia in 1918.
Origin
From Russian tsarʹ, representing Latin Caesar.