英语词汇“hard”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

hard

/hɑːd

adjective

1Solid, firm, and rigid; not easily broken, bent, or pierced: the slate broke on the hard floor rub the varnish down when it’s hard...

Some may insist you sleep on mats on hard floors to straighten out the spine, but they are in a minority.
The volunteers used to sleep a dozen to a room on thin pallets laid out on the hard floor of their offices.
My youngest daughter fell out of her high chair on to a hard floor.

Synonyms

firm, solid, dense, rigid, stiff, resistant, unbreakable, inflexible, unpliable, impenetrable, unyielding, solidified, hardened, compact, compacted, steely, tough, strong, stony, rock-like, flinty, close-packed, compressed, as hard as iron, as hard as stone;

frozen

rare adamantine, unmalleable, renitent

1.1(Of a person) not showing any signs of weakness; tough: only a handful are hard enough to join the SAS...

Just a sniff of weakness and these hard men will grab the opportunity with both hands.
If you look at the nature of people involved in gangs in Scotland, a lot of them would be regarded as being very hard people.
Many a coach must have asked their resident hard man to successfully confront Johnson, but none have managed it.

1.2(Of prices of shares, commodities, etc.) high and stable; firm.In uncertain times, investors usually prefer the certainty of hard money....

It is a company built on hard assets.
Since nearly 70% of hard stock is tightly held and not available for sale at the moment, that leaves a very small number of hard shares available.

2Done with a great deal of force or strength: a hard whack...

Danny had forced a hard kiss onto her roughly and now, he was standing there shocked.
It then made several very long hard runs forcing me to give line and then play it back.
The attack involved several hard blows to the side of the head and being punched in the face, according to Mr Dixon.

Synonyms

forceful, heavy, strong, sharp, smart, violent, powerful, vigorous, mighty, hefty, tremendous

3Requiring a great deal of endurance or effort: airship-flying was pretty hard work it’s hard for drummers these days [with infinitive]: she found it hard to believe that he could be involved...

It is not only hard physical work that makes people exhausted, stress has a similar effect.
In order to be successful with your career or your hobby, you have to put a lot of effort and hard work into it.
Searching for new wrecks requires patience and sometimes hard choices.

Synonyms

arduous, strenuous, tiring, fatiguing, exhausting, wearying, back-breaking, gruelling, heavy, laborious;

difficult, taxing, exacting, testing, challenging, demanding, punishing, tough, formidable, onerous, rigorous, uphill, Herculean

informal murderous, killing, hellish

British informal knackering

rare toilsome, exigent

difficult, puzzling, perplexing, baffling, bewildering, mystifying, knotty, thorny, ticklish, problematic, enigmatic, complicated, complex, intricate, involved, tangled, insoluble, unfathomable, impenetrable, incomprehensible, unanswerable

informal spiny, mind-bending

North American informal gnarly

rare insolvable, wildering

3.1Putting a lot of energy into an activity: he’d been a hard worker all his life everyone has been hard at work...

A woodpecker had himself a nice fat acorn, and he was hard at work to crack it open.
Hermance was a strong willed person and a hard worker with good organizational skills.
By the time they got back round the harbour, three men were already hard at work.

Synonyms

diligent, hard-working, industrious, sedulous, assiduous, conscientious, energetic, keen, enthusiastic, zealous, earnest, persevering, persistent, unflagging, untiring, indefatigable;

studious

3.2Difficult to bear; causing suffering: times were hard at the end of the war he’d had a hard life...

Talya was the most vulnerable and she had a very hard time. She bore the brunt of her mum's anger.
It is a very hard and difficult life when a child in the family is autistic.
It's great for Roger because he's had a hard time since he suffered a horrendous injury last season.

Synonyms

harsh, grim, difficult, bad, bleak, dire, tough, austere, unpleasant, disagreeable, uncomfortable, intolerable, unendurable, unbearable, insupportable;

straitened, spartan, dark, severe, distressing, painful, awful

3.3Difficult to understand or solve: this is a really hard question

3.4Not showing sympathy or affection; strict: he can be such a hard taskmaster...

Taylor considers himself to be something of a hard taskmaster but he has been delighted with the response of his players.
Not only is it a hard taskmaster, insatiable in the demands it makes on its followers, it often saves the best till last.
Gilbert is a hard taskmaster, but Murray certainly knew that before they got together.

Synonyms

strict, harsh, firm, severe, stern, tough, rigorous, demanding, exacting, unkind, unfriendly, unsympathetic, cold, heartless, hard-hearted, cold-hearted, unfeeling, intransigent, unbending, uncompromising, inflexible, intolerant, implacable, stubborn, obdurate, unyielding, unrelenting, unsparing, lacking compassion, grim, ruthless, merciless, oppressive, tyrannical, pitiless, callous, cruel, vicious, unjust, unfair;

standing no nonsense, ruling with a rod of iron

informal hard-boiled

North American informal badass

Australian/New Zealand informal solid

3.5Denoting an extreme or dogmatic faction within a political party: the hard left...

Independents can be of the anti-war left, but others come from the populist hard right.
Thankfully, the moderate wing of the party split from the hard left and the Falklands War took care of the rest.
There are local Liberals who say her own hard right faction was to blame.

3.6(Of a season or the weather) severe: it’s been a long, hard winter...

They say the crows nested twice this year as there will be no food to feed the young next spring due to the hard weather.
Those words may have to console the goalkeeper through a long, hard winter.
That's far too organised and impractical for us, though, as we have a long hard winter to get through.

Synonyms

bitterly cold, cold, bitter, harsh, severe, extreme, bleak, freezing, icy, icy-cold, arctic, polar, Siberian, glacial

3.7Harsh or unpleasant to the senses: the hard light of morning...

The church basement is cold and hard morning light breaks through high windows.
Looking out over this parched, shimmering landscape in the cold hard light of morning it's a miracle that anything survives here at all.
We drive for a while and suddenly there is a loud, hard noise, and people run in all directions.

3.8(Of wine) harsh or sharp to the taste, especially because of tannin.A hard wine has not aged enough to achieve a proper balance....

Too much tannin and the wine is hard and earthy.
If your wine is too hard, too tannic, too acidic, snap the pouring unit onto your bottle, pour the wine through it, and it will be altered into a better state by the magnets inside.

4(Of information) reliable, especially because based on something true or substantiated: hard facts about the underclass are maddeningly elusive...

He urged investors to make their decisions based on hard information and not rumors.
I, for one, would need a lot more hard information before I could make my mind up about it.
There were constant rumours of further waves but there was no hard information as we had no radio or TV.

Synonyms

reliable, definite, true, actual, confirmed, undeniable, indisputable, unquestionable, verifiable;

plain, cold, bare, bold, harsh, unvarnished, unembellished

4.1(Of a subject of study) dealing with precise and verifiable facts: efforts to turn psychology into hard science...

But how far should we go to smuggle hard subjects into the minds of disaffected youth?
With so little good hard science on the BBC it's a pity to see a good chunk of the budget go on something so lightweight.
The hard sciences, for example, are at the cutting edge of economic development.

4.2(Of science fiction) scientifically accurate rather than purely fantastic or whimsical: a hard SF novel...

I do read a lot of sci-fi novels. There are two types: hard sci-fi and soft sci-fi.
He has crafted more realistic versions of the cast that are much more appropriate for the series' hard sci-fi background.
My scientific background consists of a few relevant Carl Sagan books and hard sci-fi novels.

5Very potent, powerful, or intense, in particular:

5.1Strongly alcoholic; denoting a spirit rather than beer or wine.There are eight others, passing around a bottle of hard liquor....

I don't drink hard liquor anymore, it drives me insane with rage and I've ended up in jail too many times.
My daughter is not used to hard drink.

Synonyms

alcoholic, strong, intoxicating, inebriating, stiff, potent, spirituous, vinous, intoxicant

5.2(Of a drug) potent and addictive.There is fear its use will spread among the thousands of hard drug addicts in Dublin....

We know that many of those addicted to hard drugs commit a large proportion of property crime.
We need a quantum leap in treatment and rehabilitation of young hard drug addicts.

Synonyms

addictive, habit-forming, causing dependency;

strong, harmful, narcotic

5.3(Of radiation) highly penetrating.There's no air, there's hard radiation, there's poison in the ground below you and of course, it's between 100 and 150 degrees below in centigrade....

I would think you'd need hard radiation to initiate the cascade, but that the decay product would be softer.
While travelling through a medium, hard radiation produces charged particles.

5.4(Of pornography) highly obscene and explicit.There is a hard porn channel on the TV in the communal area of the hotel....

Like other addictions, addiction to pornography reaches a point when even ‘hard’ pornography is not enough to produce the excitement the addict wants.
The film was never shown in Britain, where hard pornography was banned in cinemas, though plenty of people saw it on pirate videos at home.

6(Of water) containing mineral salts that make lathering difficult.The dissolved salts in hard water have a similar effect, so soft water is advised....

However, the water was so hard that it could be used only for washing and cleaning purposes.
I live in a hard water area and am concerned about the build-up of scale in the central heating system.

7(Of a consonant) pronounced as a velar plosive (as c in cat, g in go).The shorter word with a hard consonant at it's face seemed most fitting....

Even their name has no hard consonant sounds.
Have you ever noticed how all the truly bigoted expressions are blessed with hard consonants?

adverb

1With a great deal of effort: they work hard at school...

The match was hard fought with chances being missed by both sides.
He's been training so hard and we're all really proud of the effort he's making.
They worked hard all week and it was a great all-round team effort to win it.

Synonyms

diligently, industriously, assiduously, conscientiously, sedulously, busily, intensely, enthusiastically, energetically, earnestly, persistently, doggedly, steadily, indefatigably, untiringly, all out, with application, with perseverance

informal like mad, like crazy, like billy-o

with difficulty, with effort, after a struggle, painfully, arduously, laboriously

1.1With a great deal of force; violently: it was raining hard...

When the wind and rain blew hard they were forced to use all their strength just to keep from going overboard.
The girl nodded at Simon and punched him so hard he was forced into one of the dirt walls.
The car hit the kerb so hard the wheels were ripped off and split in two.

Synonyms

forcefully, forcibly, fiercely, roughly, powerfully, strongly, strenuously, heavily, sharply, vigorously, intensely, energetically, with all one's might, with might and main, with vigour, with force, with great effort

severely, badly, intensely, harshly, acutely, deeply, keenly, seriously, profoundly, violently, forcefully, grievously, gravely

heavily, strongly, intensely, in torrents, in sheets, cats and dogs;

steadily

British informal buckets, bucketloads, stair rods

North American informal pitchforks

2So as to be solid or firm: the mortar has set hard...

There have been nights where there was sweat on my towel which has frozen rock hard while I've been training.
This was a material that once it set hard would not soften under heat.
He was lying on his back with the rope around his waist stretched tightly to where it disappeared into snow that was now set hard as concrete.

3To the fullest extent possible: put the wheel hard over to starboard...

He heeled the car hard over to the right.
It hit with a deafening roar, punching the ship sideways so violently that it rolled hard over to port.
Most drivers were taught to pump the brakes and turn hard to the right or left in order to compensate for skidding.

noun British

A road leading down across a foreshore.Where hards form part of a name they often do so in combination with an adjective or a person's name....

At the Common Hard he was joined by Mr. Godwin, the friend and associate of his youth.
Although The Hard is not a designated town centre it is recognised as a specialist retail and leisure area.

Phrases

be hard on

be hard put (to it)

give someone a hard time

go hard with

hard and fast

hard as nails

hard at it

hard by

hard done by

hard feelings

hard going

hard hit

hard luck (or lines)

a hard nut to crack

hard of hearing

hard on (or upon)

hard up

the hard way

play hard to get

put the hard word on

Derivatives

hardish

adjective ...

These candles are messy, and hardish to use… at least hardish to use without getting it all over everything else around.
I polish my pots with a tumbled agate or back of a spoon when the pots are on the hardish side of leather hard and get a nice shine which carries through even after firing.
Sometimes I like to pan two mics one hardish left, and one hardish right for a nice stereo spread of the guitar, but this is not such a good idea if you have other guitars or instruments in the same sonic range in the mix, as it can tend to muddy things up too much, and make for less clarity.

Origin

Old English hard, heard, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch hard and German hart.

单词	hard
释义	hard /hɑːd / adjective 1Solid, firm, and rigid; not easily broken, bent, or pierced: the slate broke on the hard floor rub the varnish down when it’s hard... Some may insist you sleep on mats on hard floors to straighten out the spine, but they are in a minority. The volunteers used to sleep a dozen to a room on thin pallets laid out on the hard floor of their offices. My youngest daughter fell out of her high chair on to a hard floor. Synonyms firm, solid, dense, rigid, stiff, resistant, unbreakable, inflexible, unpliable, impenetrable, unyielding, solidified, hardened, compact, compacted, steely, tough, strong, stony, rock-like, flinty, close-packed, compressed, as hard as iron, as hard as stone; frozen rare adamantine, unmalleable, renitent 1.1(Of a person) not showing any signs of weakness; tough: only a handful are hard enough to join the SAS... Just a sniff of weakness and these hard men will grab the opportunity with both hands. If you look at the nature of people involved in gangs in Scotland, a lot of them would be regarded as being very hard people. Many a coach must have asked their resident hard man to successfully confront Johnson, but none have managed it. 1.2(Of prices of shares, commodities, etc.) high and stable; firm.In uncertain times, investors usually prefer the certainty of hard money.... It is a company built on hard assets. Since nearly 70% of hard stock is tightly held and not available for sale at the moment, that leaves a very small number of hard shares available. 2Done with a great deal of force or strength: a hard whack... Danny had forced a hard kiss onto her roughly and now, he was standing there shocked. It then made several very long hard runs forcing me to give line and then play it back. The attack involved several hard blows to the side of the head and being punched in the face, according to Mr Dixon. Synonyms forceful, heavy, strong, sharp, smart, violent, powerful, vigorous, mighty, hefty, tremendous 3Requiring a great deal of endurance or effort: airship-flying was pretty hard work it’s hard for drummers these days [with infinitive]: she found it hard to believe that he could be involved... It is not only hard physical work that makes people exhausted, stress has a similar effect. In order to be successful with your career or your hobby, you have to put a lot of effort and hard work into it. Searching for new wrecks requires patience and sometimes hard choices. Synonyms arduous, strenuous, tiring, fatiguing, exhausting, wearying, back-breaking, gruelling, heavy, laborious; difficult, taxing, exacting, testing, challenging, demanding, punishing, tough, formidable, onerous, rigorous, uphill, Herculean informal murderous, killing, hellish British informal knackering rare toilsome, exigent difficult, puzzling, perplexing, baffling, bewildering, mystifying, knotty, thorny, ticklish, problematic, enigmatic, complicated, complex, intricate, involved, tangled, insoluble, unfathomable, impenetrable, incomprehensible, unanswerable informal spiny, mind-bending North American informal gnarly rare insolvable, wildering 3.1Putting a lot of energy into an activity: he’d been a hard worker all his life everyone has been hard at work... A woodpecker had himself a nice fat acorn, and he was hard at work to crack it open. Hermance was a strong willed person and a hard worker with good organizational skills. By the time they got back round the harbour, three men were already hard at work. Synonyms diligent, hard-working, industrious, sedulous, assiduous, conscientious, energetic, keen, enthusiastic, zealous, earnest, persevering, persistent, unflagging, untiring, indefatigable; studious 3.2Difficult to bear; causing suffering: times were hard at the end of the war he’d had a hard life... Talya was the most vulnerable and she had a very hard time. She bore the brunt of her mum's anger. It is a very hard and difficult life when a child in the family is autistic. It's great for Roger because he's had a hard time since he suffered a horrendous injury last season. Synonyms harsh, grim, difficult, bad, bleak, dire, tough, austere, unpleasant, disagreeable, uncomfortable, intolerable, unendurable, unbearable, insupportable; straitened, spartan, dark, severe, distressing, painful, awful 3.3Difficult to understand or solve: this is a really hard question 3.4Not showing sympathy or affection; strict: he can be such a hard taskmaster... Taylor considers himself to be something of a hard taskmaster but he has been delighted with the response of his players. Not only is it a hard taskmaster, insatiable in the demands it makes on its followers, it often saves the best till last. Gilbert is a hard taskmaster, but Murray certainly knew that before they got together. Synonyms strict, harsh, firm, severe, stern, tough, rigorous, demanding, exacting, unkind, unfriendly, unsympathetic, cold, heartless, hard-hearted, cold-hearted, unfeeling, intransigent, unbending, uncompromising, inflexible, intolerant, implacable, stubborn, obdurate, unyielding, unrelenting, unsparing, lacking compassion, grim, ruthless, merciless, oppressive, tyrannical, pitiless, callous, cruel, vicious, unjust, unfair; standing no nonsense, ruling with a rod of iron informal hard-boiled North American informal badass Australian/New Zealand informal solid 3.5Denoting an extreme or dogmatic faction within a political party: the hard left... Independents can be of the anti-war left, but others come from the populist hard right. Thankfully, the moderate wing of the party split from the hard left and the Falklands War took care of the rest. There are local Liberals who say her own hard right faction was to blame. 3.6(Of a season or the weather) severe: it’s been a long, hard winter... They say the crows nested twice this year as there will be no food to feed the young next spring due to the hard weather. Those words may have to console the goalkeeper through a long, hard winter. That's far too organised and impractical for us, though, as we have a long hard winter to get through. Synonyms bitterly cold, cold, bitter, harsh, severe, extreme, bleak, freezing, icy, icy-cold, arctic, polar, Siberian, glacial 3.7Harsh or unpleasant to the senses: the hard light of morning... The church basement is cold and hard morning light breaks through high windows. Looking out over this parched, shimmering landscape in the cold hard light of morning it's a miracle that anything survives here at all. We drive for a while and suddenly there is a loud, hard noise, and people run in all directions. 3.8(Of wine) harsh or sharp to the taste, especially because of tannin.A hard wine has not aged enough to achieve a proper balance.... Too much tannin and the wine is hard and earthy. If your wine is too hard, too tannic, too acidic, snap the pouring unit onto your bottle, pour the wine through it, and it will be altered into a better state by the magnets inside. 4(Of information) reliable, especially because based on something true or substantiated: hard facts about the underclass are maddeningly elusive... He urged investors to make their decisions based on hard information and not rumors. I, for one, would need a lot more hard information before I could make my mind up about it. There were constant rumours of further waves but there was no hard information as we had no radio or TV. Synonyms reliable, definite, true, actual, confirmed, undeniable, indisputable, unquestionable, verifiable; plain, cold, bare, bold, harsh, unvarnished, unembellished 4.1(Of a subject of study) dealing with precise and verifiable facts: efforts to turn psychology into hard science... But how far should we go to smuggle hard subjects into the minds of disaffected youth? With so little good hard science on the BBC it's a pity to see a good chunk of the budget go on something so lightweight. The hard sciences, for example, are at the cutting edge of economic development. 4.2(Of science fiction) scientifically accurate rather than purely fantastic or whimsical: a hard SF novel... I do read a lot of sci-fi novels. There are two types: hard sci-fi and soft sci-fi. He has crafted more realistic versions of the cast that are much more appropriate for the series' hard sci-fi background. My scientific background consists of a few relevant Carl Sagan books and hard sci-fi novels. 5Very potent, powerful, or intense, in particular: 5.1Strongly alcoholic; denoting a spirit rather than beer or wine.There are eight others, passing around a bottle of hard liquor.... I don't drink hard liquor anymore, it drives me insane with rage and I've ended up in jail too many times. My daughter is not used to hard drink. Synonyms alcoholic, strong, intoxicating, inebriating, stiff, potent, spirituous, vinous, intoxicant 5.2(Of a drug) potent and addictive.There is fear its use will spread among the thousands of hard drug addicts in Dublin.... We know that many of those addicted to hard drugs commit a large proportion of property crime. We need a quantum leap in treatment and rehabilitation of young hard drug addicts. Synonyms addictive, habit-forming, causing dependency; strong, harmful, narcotic 5.3(Of radiation) highly penetrating.There's no air, there's hard radiation, there's poison in the ground below you and of course, it's between 100 and 150 degrees below in centigrade.... I would think you'd need hard radiation to initiate the cascade, but that the decay product would be softer. While travelling through a medium, hard radiation produces charged particles. 5.4(Of pornography) highly obscene and explicit.There is a hard porn channel on the TV in the communal area of the hotel.... Like other addictions, addiction to pornography reaches a point when even ‘hard’ pornography is not enough to produce the excitement the addict wants. The film was never shown in Britain, where hard pornography was banned in cinemas, though plenty of people saw it on pirate videos at home. 6(Of water) containing mineral salts that make lathering difficult.The dissolved salts in hard water have a similar effect, so soft water is advised.... However, the water was so hard that it could be used only for washing and cleaning purposes. I live in a hard water area and am concerned about the build-up of scale in the central heating system. 7(Of a consonant) pronounced as a velar plosive (as c in cat, g in go).The shorter word with a hard consonant at it's face seemed most fitting.... Even their name has no hard consonant sounds. Have you ever noticed how all the truly bigoted expressions are blessed with hard consonants? adverb 1With a great deal of effort: they work hard at school... The match was hard fought with chances being missed by both sides. He's been training so hard and we're all really proud of the effort he's making. They worked hard all week and it was a great all-round team effort to win it. Synonyms diligently, industriously, assiduously, conscientiously, sedulously, busily, intensely, enthusiastically, energetically, earnestly, persistently, doggedly, steadily, indefatigably, untiringly, all out, with application, with perseverance informal like mad, like crazy, like billy-o with difficulty, with effort, after a struggle, painfully, arduously, laboriously 1.1With a great deal of force; violently: it was raining hard... When the wind and rain blew hard they were forced to use all their strength just to keep from going overboard. The girl nodded at Simon and punched him so hard he was forced into one of the dirt walls. The car hit the kerb so hard the wheels were ripped off and split in two. Synonyms forcefully, forcibly, fiercely, roughly, powerfully, strongly, strenuously, heavily, sharply, vigorously, intensely, energetically, with all one's might, with might and main, with vigour, with force, with great effort severely, badly, intensely, harshly, acutely, deeply, keenly, seriously, profoundly, violently, forcefully, grievously, gravely heavily, strongly, intensely, in torrents, in sheets, cats and dogs; steadily British informal buckets, bucketloads, stair rods North American informal pitchforks 2So as to be solid or firm: the mortar has set hard... There have been nights where there was sweat on my towel which has frozen rock hard while I've been training. This was a material that once it set hard would not soften under heat. He was lying on his back with the rope around his waist stretched tightly to where it disappeared into snow that was now set hard as concrete. 3To the fullest extent possible: put the wheel hard over* to starboard... He heeled the car hard over to the right. It hit with a deafening roar, punching the ship sideways so violently that it rolled hard over to port. Most drivers were taught to pump the brakes and turn hard to the right or left in order to compensate for skidding. noun British* A road leading down across a foreshore.Where hards form part of a name they often do so in combination with an adjective or a person's name.... At the Common Hard he was joined by Mr. Godwin, the friend and associate of his youth. Although The Hard is not a designated town centre it is recognised as a specialist retail and leisure area. Phrases be hard on be hard put (to it) give someone a hard time go hard with hard and fast hard as nails hard at it hard by hard done by hard feelings hard going hard hit hard luck (or lines) a hard nut to crack hard of hearing hard on (or upon) hard up the hard way play hard to get put the hard word on Derivatives hardish adjective ... These candles are messy, and hardish to use… at least hardish to use without getting it all over everything else around. I polish my pots with a tumbled agate or back of a spoon when the pots are on the hardish side of leather hard and get a nice shine which carries through even after firing. Sometimes I like to pan two mics one hardish left, and one hardish right for a nice stereo spread of the guitar, but this is not such a good idea if you have other guitars or instruments in the same sonic range in the mix, as it can tend to muddy things up too much, and make for less clarity. Origin Old English hard, heard, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch hard and German hart. Rhymes Assad, aubade, avant-garde, backyard, ballade, bard, Bernard, bombard, canard, card, charade, chard, couvade, croustade, Cunard, facade, glissade, guard, ill-starred, interlard, lard, Montagnard, nard, pard, petard, pomade, promenade, regard, rodomontade, roulade, saccade, Sade, salade, sard, shard, unmarred, unscarred, yard
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hard

Phrases

Derivatives

hardish

Origin

Rhymes