1950s; earliest use found in Ecology. From over- + harvest.
overharvest2
/ˌəʊvəˈhɑːvɪst/
verb
[with object]To harvest (a population of animals, an ecosystem, etc.) to an excessive degree; to exploit unsustainably. Also (occasionally) without object.
Origin
1970s; earliest use found in The New York Times. From over- + harvest, after overharvesting.