单词 | Philip |
释义 | Philip1/ˈfɪlɪp /1The name of five kings of ancient Macedonia, notably: 1.1 Philip II (382–336 bc), father of Alexander the Great, reigned 359–336; known as Philip II of Macedon. He unified and expanded ancient Macedonia as well as carrying out a number of army reforms. His victory over Athens and Thebes at the battle of Chaeronea in 338 established his hegemony over Greece. 1.2 Philip V (238–179 bc), reigned 221–179. His expansionist policies led to a series of confrontations with Rome, culminating in his defeat and his resultant loss of control over Greece. RhymesPhilip2/ˈfɪlɪp /1The name of six kings of France: 1.1 Philip I (1052–1108), reigned 1059–1108. 1.2 Philip II (1165–1223), son of Louis VII, reigned 1180–1223; known as Philip Augustus. After mounting a series of campaigns against the English kings Henry II, Richard I, and John, Philip succeeded in regaining Normandy (1204), Anjou (1204), and most of Poitou (1204-5). 1.3 Philip III (1245–85), reigned 1270–85; known as Philip the Bold. 1.4 Philip IV (1268–1314), son of Philip III, reigned 1285–1314; known as Philip the Fair. He continued to extend French dominions, waging wars with England (1294–1303) and Flanders (1302-5). 1.5 Philip V (1293–1322), reigned 1316–22; known as Philip the Tall. 1.6 Philip VI (1293–1350), reigned 1328–50; known as Philip of Valois. The founder of the Valois dynasty, Philip came to the throne on the death of Charles IV, whose only child was a girl and barred from ruling. His claim was challenged by Edward III of England; the dispute developed into the Hundred Years War. Philip3/ˈfɪlɪp /1The name of five kings of Spain: 1.1 Philip I (1478–1506), reigned 1504-6; known as Philip the Handsome. Son of the Holy Roman emperor Maximilian I, in 1496 Philip married the infanta Joanna, daughter of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile. After Isabella’s death he ruled Castile jointly with Joanna, establishing the Habsburgs as the ruling dynasty in Spain. 1.2 Philip II (1527–98), son of Charles I, reigned 1556–98. Philip came to the throne following his father’s abdication. His reign was dominated by an anti-Protestant crusade which exhausted the Spanish economy. His Armada against England (1588) ended in defeat. 1.3 Philip III (1578–1621), reigned 1598–1621. 1.4 Philip IV (1605–65), reigned 1621–65. 1.5 Philip V (1683–1746), grandson of Louis XIV, reigned 1700–24 and 1724–46. His selection as successor to Charles II, and Louis XIV’s insistence that he remain an heir to the French throne, gave rise to the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14). In 1724 Philip abdicated in favour of his son Louis I, but returned to the throne following Louis’s death. |
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