释义 |
break1 /breɪk /verb (past broke /brəʊk/; past participle broken /ˈbrəʊkən/)1Separate into pieces as a result of a blow, shock, or strain: [no object]: the rope broke with a loud snap [with object]: windows in the street were broken by the blast...- The cup broke under the strain.
- His brows creased as he tried to break a piece of chocolate and he smiled when he broke it off.
- The crew survived, but the aircraft exploded when its payload of munitions blew up breaking the windows of many local houses in the blast.
Synonyms shatter, smash, smash to smithereens, crack, snap, fracture, fragment, splinter; disintegrate, fall to bits, fall to pieces; split, burst, blow out; tear, rend, sever, rupture, separate, divide informal bust rare shiver 1.1Sustain an injury involving the fracture of a bone or bones in a part of the body: [with object]: she had broken her leg in two places [no object]: what if his leg had broken?...- He spent more than a month in hospital recovering from his many injuries, which included breaking both legs, his collar bone and jaw and he is still undergoing treatment.
- Unfortunately, she landed badly, breaking a leg and fracturing a bone at the bottom of her spine.
- The 18-year-old fell from the roof of Crumbs Bakery suffering extensive injuries by breaking both his legs and an arm.
Synonyms 1.2 [with object] Cause a cut or graze in (the skin): the bite had scarcely broken the skin...- In the ensuing struggle she bit the security guard, breaking the skin and causing reddening and abrasions, the court heard.
- It transpires that the snake had actually managed to bite through Ian's shinguards before breaking the skin.
- If I had done it only at a slightly different angle, it probably wouldn't have even broken the skin.
Synonyms pierce, puncture, penetrate, perforate; cut, graze, make a flesh wound in 1.3Make or become inoperative: [no object]: the machine has broken and they can’t fix it until next week [with object]: he’s broken the video...- Right now, we've broken two bubble machines and have to buy a third one.
- However, in the ensuing minutes there was an argument, during which the sewing machine got broken.
- Someone broke the machine by jamming pencils in to it.
Synonyms stop working, cease to work/function, break down, go wrong, give out, develop a fault, malfunction, be damaged, be unusable; crash informal go kaput, go/be on the blink, die, give up the ghost, conk out, go phut, go haywire, have had it British informal pack up 1.4 [no object] (Of the amniotic fluid surrounding a fetus) be discharged when the sac is ruptured in the first stages of labour: she realized her waters had broken...- The consultant agreed I could have an epidural if I agreed to have my waters broken - seemed like a fair deal to me.
- Her waters broke as soon as she got into the ambulance.
- She was twenty-six weeks pregnant when her waters broke on Friday, December 7.
1.5 [with object] informal Open (a safe) forcibly.The maid broke the safe and stole money and jewellery....- They broke the safe in the Accounts Section and made away with the day's receipts.
- If a burglar breaks the safe and steals the guns, I won't be held responsible for their criminal use because I did what I reasonably could to secure them.
1.6 [with object] Use (a banknote) to pay for something and receive change out of the transaction: she had to break a tenner...- I haven't got any change, and I don't want to break a fiver.
- Most of us are more inclined to break a note than fish around trying to find the right change.
- Like my sister said, once you break a twenty the rest just disappears.
1.7 [no object] (Of two boxers or wrestlers) come out of a clinch, especially at the referee’s command: I was acting as referee and telling them to break...- The ref was not between the fighters but he was instructing them to break.
- He possibly could have cautioned him for holding and hitting as well, or he could have simply ordered them to break.
- He said the first damaging blow came after the referee had told them to break and stop punching.
1.8 [no object] Make the first stroke at the beginning of a game of billiards, pool, or snooker.In each rack, you break, spot anything that went in, and take cueball in hand to begin the frame....- Ronnie O'Sullivan breaks to get the final underway but the opening frame proves a scrappy affair lasting half-an-hour.
- He breaks and sits down without looking where the balls have spread.
1.9 [with object] Unfurl (a flag or sail).When the chief Scout Master broke the flag a huge roar went up from the boys....- We opened with the Canadian National Anthem and our Scout and Venture Leader broke the flag to open the festivities.
- I even broke out the sail for a few minutes until I got bored and switched back to paddling.
1.10 [with object] Succeed in deciphering (a code): ciphers are easily broken by the new wonder machines...- We have a large exhibit on World War II cipher machines and the machines that broke the enemy's codes.
- When all the analyses were ready, the code was broken.
- Then you have to spend time breaking the code and making your own key, which only lets you hotwire the vehicle.
Synonyms decipher, decode, decrypt, unravel, solve, work out informal crack, figure out 1.11 [with object] Disprove (an alibi).He was arrested then released when the police couldn't break his alibi....- The former husband emerged as the most promising suspect after the detectives were able to break his alibi.
- But analysis of soil in his trouser cuffs broke his alibi and clinched the case.
2 [with object] Interrupt (a continuity, sequence, or course): the new government broke the pattern of growth his concentration was broken by a sound...- Everyone has a part to play in breaking this vicious cycle.
- We have to break this vicious cycle between drug dependency and crime.
- They must start to break their sequence of drawn games and start winning consistently if they are to retain their title.
Synonyms interrupt, disturb, interfere with 2.1Put an end to (a silence) by speaking or making contact: it was some time before he broke the silence...- ‘Melissa,’ said Matthew breaking the silence and speaking for the first time since the fight had started.
- She felt it was her job to break the silence between the two.
- A father of two has broken his silence after keeping his sighting of a ghost 15 years ago at Woodville Halls Theatre a fearful secret.
2.2chiefly British Make a pause in (a journey): we will break our journey in Venice...- The newspapers reported that some passengers were breaking their journey at Earl's Court just to ride the escalator.
- He has a house in Burgundy, about halfway between Tuscany and England, and it was agreed to break the journey there.
- I broke my journey several times.
2.3 [no object] Stop proceedings in order to have a pause or vacation: at mid-morning they broke for coffee...- Parliament didn't exactly clean off their desks before they broke for summer recess last Friday.
- By the time Council finally passed an operating budget and broke for recess in late June, more than a few players lay injured on the field.
- They last met on August 7 when the fourth round of six-way talks broke for a recess.
Synonyms stop, pause, take/have a break, have a rest; recess, suspend proceedings informal knock off, take/have a breather, take five 2.4Lessen the impact of (a fall): she put out an arm to break her fall...- The move was so unexpected that he lost his balance, and threw his arm out to break his fall.
- She fell to the dirt like a doll, her arms breaking the fall painfully.
- My right arm went out to break my fall and I ended up landing right on my shoulder.
Synonyms cushion, lessen/reduce/soften the impact of, take the edge off, diminish, moderate, mitigate 2.5Disconnect or interrupt (an electric circuit): a multimeter able to measure current without having to break the circuit under test...- By bouncing, the reed breaks an electrical circuit.
- If either voltage or current is too big you could break the circuit.
- A switch works by breaking the circuit, which stops the current.
2.6Stop oneself being subject to (a habit): try to break the habit of adding salt at the table...- Really wanting to break this bad habit is the first step to stopping.
- The Canadian Cancer Society is urging smokers trying to quit to plan out how they are going to break their habit.
- We would have to break old habits that perhaps were once useful, but don't serve their purpose anymore.
Synonyms give up, relinquish, drop, get out of informal kick, shake, pack in, quit 2.7Surpass (a record): the film broke box office records in the US...- The film broke box-office records and won seven Academy Awards.
- The films, too, have proved a hit with an older audience, breaking box-office records for a foreign film.
- Irish cinema-goers are breaking box-office records, according to new research.
Synonyms exceed, surpass, beat, better, cap, top, trump, outdo, outstrip, go beyond, eclipse, put in the shade informal leave standing 3 [with object] Fail to observe (a law, regulation, or agreement): the council says it will prosecute traders who break the law a legally binding contract which can only be broken by mutual consent...- Traders who break the law by selling to children risk a £5,000 fine and six months imprisonment.
- ‘Many doctors did not realise they were breaking the law by failing to seek the consent of relatives,’ he reported.
- I observe how society keeps breaking the rules.
Synonyms contravene, violate, fail to comply with, fail to observe, disobey, infringe, breach, commit a breach of, transgress against; defy, flout, fly in the face of, ignore, disregard; Law infract 3.1Fail to continue with (a self-imposed discipline): diets started without preparation are broken all the time...- She resists the urge to break her diet.
- I didn't realize Vikki wasn't willing to break her healthy habits and was unable to convince her to share fish 'n chips with me.
- It is no wonder that winter time is when most people break their exercise routines, start unhealthy eating habits and gain weight.
4 [with object] Crush the emotional strength, spirit, or resistance of: the idea was to better the prisoners, not to break them...- When I look at her I just think that at some point her spirit was broken and then, well, this is what became of her.
- Anne's spirit could not be broken.
- She was going to prove he hadn't broken her spirit.
4.1 [no object] (Of a person’s emotional strength or control) give way: her self-control finally broke...- Her control broke and she hit him hard across the face.
- The words died on her tongue, and all of her well-trained control broke.
- Once in his room, Tony's fragile control broke, tears quickly blinding him.
Synonyms give way, collapse, crack, be overcome, give in, cave in, yield, crumple, go to pieces 4.2Destroy the power of (a movement or organization): strategies used to break the union...- They know that this could break the movement and we are afraid that it will work.
- The bourgeoisie are agreed that the only solution is a dictatorship that crushes and breaks the workers' movement.
- Government indifference and racist violence did not break the movement - in fact it radicalised it.
Synonyms destroy, crush, smash, quash, defeat, vanquish, overcome, overpower, overwhelm, cripple, bring someone to their knees; weaken, enfeeble, sap, suppress, subdue, cow, dispirit, impair, undermine, demoralize, incapacitate, extinguish 4.3Destroy the effectiveness of (a strike), typically by moving in other people to replace the striking workers: a government threat to use the army to break the strike...- Worse still, soldiers were used to break strikes: workers and peasants were set to fight one another in the clothes of striker and soldier.
- It was also utilised to break strikes by workers agitating for better working conditions and wages.
- Workers established the picket in order to prevent the company breaking the strike with replacement drivers.
5 [no object] Undergo a change or enter a new state, in particular: 5.1(Of the weather) change suddenly, especially after a fine spell: the weather broke and thunder rumbled through a leaden sky...- The hot spell had broken and now the weather was bearable again.
- The heatwave broke and it was gorgeous running weather this morning.
- The hot weather has definitely broken and it's jumpers before sunset, but only just before.
Synonyms change, undergo a change, alter, shift, metamorphose 5.2(Of a storm) begin violently: when all were aboard, the storm broke...- A mild thunderstorm has just broken out over west London, minutes after I got home.
- On the way to the airport, a colossal thunderstorm broke.
- A huge thunderstorm broke over St. George's early this morning.
5.3(Of dawn or a day) begin as the sun rises: dawn was just breaking...- When day broke, the summer dawn could not penetrate the leaden gloom above the city.
- Dawn was breaking as Marie rose from her first restful night's sleep in two weeks.
- Dawn was a few hours away but when the day broke he knew his cover wouldn't last for long.
Synonyms dawn, begin, start, come into being, come forth, emerge, appear 5.4(Of clouds) move apart and begin to disperse: on the seventh of September the clouds broke for the first time...- These build and swell into clouds, suddenly breaking apart and dispersing unexpectedly.
- The grey, looming clouds began to break apart and the blue sky of winter slowly began to show.
- The clouds broke apart and never dropped their rain.
5.5(Of waves) curl over and dissolve into foam: the Caribbean sea was breaking gently on the shore...- Even in calm seas, the waves breaking over a reef are dangerous.
- Turning his face towards the sea, he watched the low waves breaking on the sea wall.
- His pace was brisk and he did not seem to appreciate the music of the sea waves breaking against the parapet.
Synonyms crash, dash, beat, pound, lash; batter 5.6(Of a person’s voice) falter and change tone, due to emotion: her voice broke as she relived the experience...- At that point her voice broke and her emotions took control.
- His voice broke as he fought back emotions to tell an Old Bailey jury of the boy's last words.
- She'd called me up, her voice breaking and shaking, I could tell she was hurt.
Synonyms falter, quaver, quiver, tremble, shake 5.7(Of a boy’s voice) change in tone and register at puberty: after his voice broke, he left the choir...- He turned professional at the age of 12 but had to ‘retire’ when his voice broke at 16.
- He was now 14, and his voice was breaking.
- What I didn't reckon on was that this hormonal upheaval was also going to result in my voice breaking.
5.8 Phonetics (Of a vowel) develop into a diphthong, under the influence of an adjacent sound.In many (but not all) accents of English, a similar breaking happens to tense vowels before l....- Breaking of a short vowel gives a short diphthong.
- There is a considerable variation in breaking between different dialects and different generations of speakers.
5.9(Of prices on the stock exchange) fall sharply.If price breaks above the high, a bullish bias is adopted....- What traders want to confirm is that the price is indeed falling and will break back through the upper trendline.
- The latest bear market is now in its ninth week, while the Dow has broken well below its post-11 September trough.
6 [no object] (Of news or a scandal) suddenly become public: since the news broke I’ve received thousands of wonderful letters...- He is said to have been regularly in tears since news of the scandal broke.
- Since news of the scandal broke, the company has been forced to fire two of its executives and to demand the resignation of its chairman.
- A federal investigator was on campus within 48 hours after news broke about the scandal.
Synonyms erupt, burst out, break out 6.1 [with object] ( break something to) Make bad news known to (someone): he was trying to break the terrible news gently to his father...- Referring to fatal accidents Chief Supt Carey added: ‘I have dealt with several fatal accidents and nobody can imagine what it is like having to break such terrible news to a family.’
- I was just about to break the terrible news to her when her cat strolled casually around the corner of the house.
- In an interview, she said doctors broke the news to them last week that their two-month-old tot Harvey had been born with a rare condition that means he will face a lifetime of darkness.
Synonyms reveal, disclose, divulge, let out; announce, tell, impart, make public, make known, release, proclaim 7 [no object, with adverbial] (Chiefly of an attacking player or team, or of a military force) make a rush or dash in a particular direction: Mitchell won possession and broke quickly, allowing Hughes to score...- He broke from the halfway line but held onto the ball too long with support on hand.
- Six riders broke from a lead group of 15 and worked well together to maintain a healthy advantage going into the run.
- This inspirational player broke round the blind side and was stopped just short of the try line.
7.1(Of a bowled cricket ball) change direction on bouncing, due to spin.Will there emerge a spinner who breaks the ball so sharply that he needs no fielders on one side of the wicket?...- This is done by twisting the wrist at the moment of delivery so that the ball breaks when it strikes with the pitch.
- How much the ball breaks will often depend on the kind of pitch it is.
7.2(Of a ball) rebound unpredictably: the ball broke to Craig but his shot rebounded from the post...- From a Korean free-kick on the right, the ball breaks to Lee on the edge of the box.
- The ball breaks to Owen on the left of the Argentinian box.
- The ball broke among a swarm of backs and forwards.
noun1An interruption of continuity or uniformity: the magazine has been published without a break since 1950...- Because of their short durations, the motor tests were not interrupted by breaks.
- He was educated in local schools with intermittent breaks.
- It can be a positive thing - adrenaline helps us get things done - but not if it continues without a break.
Synonyms interruption, interval, gap, hiatus, lapse of time, lacuna; discontinuation, discontinuance, discontinuity, suspension, disruption, cut-off; stop, stoppage, cessation; Prosody caesura archaic surcease 1.1An act of separating oneself from a pre-existing state of affairs: a break with the past...- This represented a break with 1900 years of complete Christian consensus.
- In a break with tradition, the Welsh Rugby Union has decided to make tickets for Six Nations matches available to the general public via their internet site.
- We may need to make a break with the past and with past evidence.
1.2A change in the weather: a week or so may pass without a break in the weather...- The weather remained gloomy, with small breaks of sunshine.
- After a week of waiting, there was a break in the weather.
- Everywhere, the streets were filled with people, enjoying at last a break in the rain.
Synonyms change, alteration, variation 1.3 [with modifier] A change of line, paragraph, or page: dotted lines on the screen show page breaks...- In particular, he had to decide how to sequence the stories and ads on any given page, and when to put in line breaks.
- How many page breaks can exist in a chapter?
- He has made a fairly close, but not exact, approximation of page breaks, and preserved the numbering system fairly well.
1.4A change of tone in a person’s voice due to emotion: there was a break in her voice now...- I picked up on the urgency in her voice, detecting emotional breaks.
- There was a break in her voice as if she were going to burst out crying.
- There was a break in his voice when he bade farewell to the reporters.
1.5An interruption in an electric circuit.A dead light-bulb is a break in the circuit, so that will also stop the current....- A switch is a break in the circuit that stops the electrons from flowing.
- The break in the electric circuit had not been closed by pressure on the trip wire.
1.6 (also break of serve or service break) Tennis The winning of a game against an opponent’s serve.He is a model of calmness on court in the third set and secures the crucial break of serve in game seven...- The 22-year-old crawled back to 3-4 with a service break in the seventh game.
- The final set was decided by a single break of serve in the ninth game, achieved with a spectacular running forehand down the line.
2A pause in work or during an activity or event: I need a break from mental activity those returning to work after a career break a coffee break...- And I really find that I put so much into it when I am painting that I have to take a break from it.
- Taking a break from signing autographs, he seemed pleased with the way things had gone.
- Students come here to eat, drink and take a break from school work.
Synonyms rest, respite, interval, breathing space, lull, recess; stop, pause; tea break, coffee break; intermission, interlude, entr'acte informal breather, let-up, time out, downtime Australian/New Zealand informal smoko 2.1British An interval during the school day: the bell went for break...- A moment later, the break bell rang.
- Infant teachers who read it aloud in class were begged to continue when the bell rang for break.
- Just as she began to mull over this new development, the bell rang for first break.
2.2A short holiday: a weekend break in the Cotswolds...- While the number of Irish holidaymakers enjoying short breaks or full-week stays in the region was up, there was a drop-off in visitors from abroad.
- I know that people travel from far and wide to enjoy short breaks and long holidays in our beautiful and historic city.
- People are taking shorter holidays so city breaks are more popular.
Synonyms holiday, time off, period of leave; North American vacation informal vac, staycation North American informal vacay 2.3A short solo or instrumental passage in jazz or popular music.She is a fine pianist, straddling jazz, pop and classical styles, and the instrumental breaks on her debut album are solid....- The song, with the addition of a long instrumental solo break, drove the lyrical quality of the song to the heart.
- Tracks on the album tend to feature brief lyric verses interspersed with longer instrumental breaks.
2.4 (breaks) Dance music featuring breakbeats. 3A gap or opening: the track bends left through a break in the hedge he stopped to wait for a break in the traffic...- Towards the western end of the ramparts there is an obvious break where a path leads through rocky portals to gain a grassy bealach.
- Eventually there came a break in the cloud below and I spotted a reservoir which I thought I recognized from a previous flight.
- On the opposite shore, I could make out a small railway bridge through a break in the trees.
Synonyms gap, opening, space, hole, breach, chink, crack, fissure, cleft, rift, chasm; tear, split, slit, rent, rupture 4An instance of breaking something, or the point where something is broken: he was stretchered off with a break to the leg...- For instance, if the break is clean and not frayed, he knows the frame has been knocked off the wall.
- The bird had a fractured leg where breaks commonly occur in leg trap injuries.
- In severe breaks, the broken bone may be poking through the skin.
5A rush or dash in a particular direction, especially by an attacking player or team: Norwich scored on a rare break with 11 minutes left...- In the first half he made several breaks to launch English attacks.
- A single striker was aided by breaks from the wide players whenever they dared.
- They combined as early as the third minute, a break by the scrum half putting Dixon through a gap to score.
5.1 informal An escape, typically from prison.He said it was possible that weapons used in the prison break could have been introduced to the property through the gaping fence....- When local residents expressed concern after the prison break, the company simply shrugged it off.
- Up to this point, two-thirds of the way in, the focus of the film was the actual prison break.
5.2 Cricket A change in the direction of a bowled ball on bouncing. 6 informal An opportunity or chance, especially one leading to professional success: he got his break as an entertainer on a TV music hall show...- For a young person like Jane, getting a break - an opportunity to prove her talent - is a huge issue.
- The story that got me my break was published in an anthology by Vintage.
- Those who pass out from her academy will be guaranteed an acting break.
Synonyms opportunity, stroke of luck, chance, opening, foot in the door 7 Snooker & Billiards A consecutive series of successful shots, scoring a specified number of points: a break of 83 put him in front for the first time...- After scoring a break of 118 in the opening frame yesterday, he lost the next on black.
- Equally, rather than widen pockets and make it easier for players to shoot consistently higher breaks, snooker's governing body have actually done the opposite.
- He managed to knock in two century breaks - and a 62 for good measure - and was still outscored by his opponent.
7.1A player’s turn to make the opening shot of a game: whose break is it?...- If you play it for a few hours, and if you develop some consistency in your break, your scores will improve greatly.
- He tied the match anew at 7-7, but failed to pocket on his break in the 15th rack.
8A bud or shoot sprouting from a stem.The dormant oil is usually defined as a heavier weight oil applied in spring prior to bud break or in the fall after leaf drop....- At the base you may also have a bud that is known as the break bud.
- The length of bare stem (from soil level to the first break on the stem) will determine the kind of plant that you have.
Phrasesbreak one's back break the back of break the bank break bread break camp break even break someone's fall break someone's heart break the ice break in two break a leg! break the mould break of day break something open break rank break (someone's) serve (or service) break ship break step break wind a clean break give someone a break make a break for that's (or them's) the breaks Phrasal verbsbreak away break down break something down break forth break free break in break someone in break something in break into break off break something off break out break out in break something out break through break up break someone up break something up break with OriginOld English brecan (verb), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch breken and German brechen, from an Indo-European root shared by Latin frangere 'to break'. Rhymesache, awake, bake, betake, Blake, brake, cake, crake, drake, fake, flake, forsake, hake, Jake, lake, make, mistake, opaque, partake, quake, rake, sake, shake, sheikh, slake, snake, splake, stake, steak, strake, take, undertake, wake, wideawake break2 /breɪk /noun1 Former term for breaking cart. 2 historical another term for brake2. OriginMid 19th century: perhaps from 16th-century brake 'cage', later 'framework', of unknown origin. |