characterology
/ˌkarɪktəˈrɒlədʒi/noun
1A systematic description of distinguishing or essential features; the aggregate of these.
2The study of personal character, especially its development, types, and individual differences; a branch of knowledge concerned with this. Also: the study of the distinguishing or essential features of individual languages.
Origin
Mid 19th century; earliest use found in Analyst. From character + -ology.