| 释义 |
verb | noun | adjective scratchscratch1 /skrætʃ/ ●●● S2 verb ETYMOLOGYscratch1Origin: 1300-1400 Probably from scrat to scratch (13-19 centuries) + cratch to scratch (13-16 centuries) VERB TABLEscratch |
| Present | I, you, we, they | scratch | | he, she, it | scratches | | Past | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | scratched | | Present perfect | I, you, we, they | have scratched | | he, she, it | has scratched | | Past perfect | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | had scratched | | Future | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | will scratch | | Future perfect | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | will have scratched |
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| Present | I | am scratching | | he, she, it | is scratching | | you, we, they | are scratching | | Past | I, he, she, it | was scratching | | you, we, they | were scratching | | Present perfect | I, you, we, they | have been scratching | | he, she, it | has been scratching | | Past perfect | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | had been scratching | | Future | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | will be scratching | | Future perfect | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | will have been scratching |
THESAURUSfeel► touch to put your finger, hand, etc. on something or someone: Don’t touch that – the paint is still wet. He gently touched her hand and smiled. ► feel to touch something with your fingers to find out about it: Feel this teddy bear – it’s so soft! ► handle to touch something, pick it up, or hold or move it around in your hands: Please do not handle the merchandise. ► stroke to move your hand gently over something: She stroked the baby’s face. ► rub to move your hand or fingers over a surface while pressing it: Bill yawned and rubbed his eyes. ► scratch to rub your nails on part of your skin: Try not to scratch those mosquito bites. ► pat to touch someone or something lightly again and again, with your hand flat: He knelt down to pat the dog. ► pet to touch and move your hand gently over an animal: Do you want to pet the cat? ► brush to touch someone or something lightly as you pass by: Her hand brushed mine. ► caress to gently move your hand over a part of someone’s body in a loving way: Miguel gently caressed her hair. ► tickle to move your fingers lightly over someone’s body in order to make him/her laugh: Minna tickled the baby’s feet, and he gurgled. 1RUB YOUR SKIN [intransitive, transitive] to rub your skin with your nails, especially because it itches: Try not to scratch. Tom scratched his nose.scratch at She scratched at the bites on her arm.► see thesaurus at touch12MAKE A MARK [transitive] to make a small cut or mark on something by pulling something sharp or rough across it: Don’t use that cleaner – it’ll scratch the sink.3CUT somebody'S SKIN [intransitive, transitive] to cut someone’s skin slightly with your nails or with something sharp: I scratched my hand on a rusty nail. Careful – that cat scratches.4animals [intransitive always + adv./prep.] if an animal scratches, it rubs its feet against something, often making a noise: A few chickens were scratching around in the yard.scratch at The dog kept scratching at the door to be let in.5scratch the surface to deal with only a very small part of a subject: So far, we have only scratched the surface of the information available on this topic.6scratch your head informal to not know the answer or solution to something, and to have to think hard about it: The last question really left us scratching our heads. Budget directors are scratching their heads about how to deal with the shortfall.7you scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours spoken used to say that you will help someone if he or she agrees to help you8noise [intransitive always + adv./prep.] to make a noise by rubbing something with a sharp or pointed object: His pen scratched along the paper.9REMOVE something [transitive always + adv./prep.] to remove something from a surface by rubbing it with something sharp: scratch something off/away etc. I scratched off some of the paint.10not do something [transitive] if you scratch an idea, a plan, etc., you decide that you will not do it: Well, I guess we can scratch that idea.11not include somebody/something [transitive] if you scratch someone off a list, you take his or her name off the list: scratch somebody/something from/off something Jones was scratched from the lineup due to an injury.12REMOVE FROM RACE [transitive usually passive] to remove someone from a race or competition before it beginsscratch something ↔ out phrasal verb to draw a line through a word, in order to remove it: Phil’s name had been scratched out with a black pen. verb | noun | adjective scratchscratch2 ●●○ noun ► cuts and scratches Several people were treated for minor cuts and scratches. ► without a scratch Miraculously, Liz survived the fall without a scratch (=not injured at all). ► started from scratch The company was started from scratch in 1995, but has grown quickly. THESAURUS a wound or damage to part of your body caused by an accident or attack► injury a wound or damage to part of your body caused by an accident or attack: Smith has missed several games because of injury. She was treated in the hospital for minor injuries (=ones that are not serious). ► wound an injury, especially a deep cut made in your skin by a knife or bullet: He needed emergency treatment for a gunshot wound. ► cut a small wound you get if a sharp object cuts your skin: She has a cut on her finger from when she was chopping carrots. ► scratch a small cut on someone’s skin that is not deep: His legs were covered in scratches and bruises. ► scrape/abrasion a lot of small cuts on one area of someone’s skin, caused for example by falling down. Abrasion is mostly used in medical language: The girl had scrapes on both knees. ► laceration formal a bad cut or tear on the skin. Used especially in medical language: She suffered facial lacerations in the attack. ► bruise/contusion a black or blue mark on your skin that you get when you fall or get hit. Contusion is mostly used in medical language: There was a dark bruise on her cheek. ► sore/lesion a wound or cut on your skin that is painful and infected. Lesion is mostly used in medical language: The sore on his hand was slow to heal. ► sprain an injury to a joint in your body, caused by suddenly twisting it: He hurt himself during the game, but it’s just a slight sprain. ► bump/swelling an area of skin that is swollen because you have hit it on something. Swelling is more formal than bump: She has a bump on her forehead from when she banged it on the cupboard door. ► fracture a crack or broken part in a bone: X-rays showed a small fracture. ► break a place where a bone has broken: The doctor used a model of the arm bone to show me where the break is. 1[countable] a thin mark or cut on the surface of something or on someone’s skin: scratch on a scratch on the car door Several people were treated for minor cuts and scratches. Miraculously, Liz survived the fall without a scratch (=not injured at all).► see thesaurus at injury2from scratch if you do or start something from scratch, you begin it without using anything that existed or was prepared before: The company was started from scratch in 1995, but has grown quickly. Doug baked the cake from scratch (=not using a cake mix from a box).3[countable] a sound made by something sharp or rough being rubbed on a hard surface: the scratch of a match being lit verb | noun | adjective scratchscratch3 adjective [no comparative] a scratch player in a sport, especially golf, does not have a handicap |