| 单词 | standard |
| 释义 | noun | adjective standardstandard1 /ˈstændɚd/ ●●● S2 W2 noun 1LEVEL OF QUALITY [countable, uncountable] a level of quality, skill, ability, or achievement that is considered to be necessary or acceptable in a particular situation, and by which someone or something is judged: Air quality standards vary from state to state.standard of The standards of behavior at the school have gone down. Asher launched a campaign to raise standards of health care. There has been a general decline in standards of literacy among undergraduates. The airline has rigorous safety standards. Students have to reach a certain standard or they won’t pass. Do not use your scuba diving equipment unless it is up to standard (=good enough). Her work was not up to standard (=not good enough). His performance yesterday was below standard (=not good enough).2FOR JUDGING/COMPARING [countable usually plural] the ideas of what is good or normal that people use to compare one thing with another: Shakespeare is the standard against which other playwrights are measured.by ... standards It was a luxurious house by local standards. The technology was crude by modern standards. Ella was 41 years old, hardly a girl by any standard (=according to anyone’s opinion or values).3MORAL PRINCIPLES standards [plural] moral principles about what kind of behavior or attitudes are acceptable: There is a concern about the moral standards of today’s youth. Our leaders need high ethical standards.4MEASUREMENT [countable] math, science an agreed system, method, or unit for measuring weight, purity, value, etc.: It meets the official government standard for the purity of silver.5a standard a car that uses a stick shift system to control its gears6SONG [countable] eng. lang. arts a popular song that has been sung by many different singers, or a piece of music that has been played by many different musicians, especially over many years: She sang all the old standards. They played popular jazz standards.7FLAG [countable] a flag used in ceremonies: A soldier carried the royal standard.8MILITARY POLE [countable] a pole with a picture or shape at the top carried in past times at the front of an army[Origin: 1100–1200 Old French estandard battle-flag] → see also double standard, living standardCOLLOCATIONSverbsmeet/reach a standard Many restaurants fail to meet basic standards of hygiene.set/establish a standard The state sets standards that all hospitals must reach.raise/improve standards We are determined to raise standards in our schools.lower standards We will not lower standards just to allow more students to attend college.maintain standards (=keep them at a good level) The hotel must maintain a high standard of service.exceed a standard (=do better than a standard) The college has consistently exceeded state standards of excellence.hold somebody/something to a standard (=make someone or something reach a standard) Newspapers must hold their journalists to a high standard.apply a standard (=use it to measure something) You cannot apply legal standards from other states to this case.a standard improves The standard of the festival improves every year.a standard falls/slips/declines/goes down The standard of housing quality has fallen because of the poor economy.adjectives/nouns + standarda high/good standard The standard of their work was generally very high.a low/poor standard The report says the standard of children’s diet in the U.S. is poor.an acceptable standard All too often their behavior has fallen below acceptable standards.a stringent/strict/rigorous/tough standard (=high standards that are difficult to reach) The marines’ rigorous standards mean that only a small number of applicants are successful.an international standard Clearly there is a need for international standards that govern food safety.a national/federal standard We must bring the local school curriculum up to national standards.an industry standard (=one that is used in a particular industry) The group sets the industry standards for the recycling industry.safety/hygiene/quality/performance etc. standards All our products meet the current safety standards.academic/educational standards The school set a goal of significantly raising its academic standards over five years.living standards (also the standard of living) (=the level of comfort and the amount of money people have) Living standards at all income levels improved over the last two years.an environmental standard Environmental standards were not strict enough to prevent the disaster. noun | adjective standardstandard2 ●●● S2 W2 adjective 1accepted as normal or usual: A work week of 40 hours is standard in the U.S. What’s the standard rate of pay for a babysitter? Modems are standard equipment on PCs sold for home use.standard practice/procedure (=the usual way of doing things) Searching luggage at airports is now standard practice.► see thesaurus at normal1, usual12regular and usual in shape, size, quality, etc. OPP nonstandard: standard size paper3the form of a language that most people use and consider correct: the word’s standard spelling → see also nonstandard, substandard |
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