| 释义 |
noun | verb studystudy1 /ˈstʌdi/ ●●● S1 W1 noun (plural studies) ETYMOLOGYstudy1Origin: 1100-1200 Old French estudie, from Latin studium mental effort, eagerness, study verbs► do a study (also carry out a study) Many studies have been done on the effects of TV on young children. ► conduct a study formal (=do a study) The scientists are conducting a study into the effects of global warming. ► release a study (=make it be known) A study released this month finds that air pollution increases asthma symptoms. ► publish a study The study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. ► participate in a study Researchers are looking for women over 60 to participate in a study of how caffeine affects sleep. ► fund a study (=pay for it) The study was funded by a major U.S. pharmaceutical company. ► commission a study (=ask someone to do a study) The government has commissioned a study into the health of residents living near the power station. ► a study finds something The study found that men were more likely to take risks. ► a study shows/suggests/indicates something A new study suggests that older people are more reliable workers. ► a study reveals something (=shows something, especially something surprising) A recent study revealed that 74% of doughnuts are bought on impulse. ► a study concludes something The study concluded that early diagnosis results in more effective treatment. ► a study highlights (=shows that something is particularly important) A recent study highlights the need for more qualified teachers. ► a study aims to do something The study aimed to identify the housing needs of local people. ► a study examines/explores something (also a study looks at something, a study focuses on something) They did an in-depth study looking at women’s health during pregnancy. ► a study analyzes something The study analyzed data from Medicaid programs. ► a study confirms something (=shows that something is true) The study confirms what we all know – smoking is also bad for the people around you. adjectives/nouns + study► a research study Research studies have found that the use of cell phones while driving increases the risk of crashes. ► a scientific study Many scientific studies have shown that ear infections can lead to speech problems in children. ► a detailed/comprehensive/in-depth study They carried out a detailed study into the effects of the disease on mice. ► a two-year/three-month etc. study They are conducting a five-year study into the effects of calcium on bone health. ► a longitudinal study (=a study that lasts many years) In a longitudinal study, the researchers found that there were fewer top students from low-income backgrounds in 1992 than in 1972. ► a huge/massive study The journal published the results of a massive study of 87,000 women. ► a recent study Recent studies show that women still get paid a lot less than men. ► the present study (=the one being done or discussed now) The present study confirms that second-hand smoke affects the health of children. ► a previous/earlier study The report is a summary of the work done in earlier studies. ► a landmark study (=a very important study) The landmark study compared how well American students did in math compared with the students of other countries. ► numerous/many studies (also a number of studies) Numerous studies from around the world show that both genes and the environment influence behavior. ► a pilot study (=one done to find out if something will be successful) The government has just completed a pilot study, with some encouraging results. ► a preliminary study (=the first one, after which there will be others) Preliminary studies indicated that there was water on Jupiter, but this was later found to be untrue. ► a feasibility study (=one done to find out if something is possible or practical) They commissioned a feasibility study into re-opening the old railroad line. THESAURUSserious study of a subject, that is intended to discover new facts or test new ideas► researchserious study of a subject, that is intended to discover new facts or test new ideas: Huge amounts of money are spent on scientific research. The research project is being run by Dr. Donald Abrams at the University of California. ► study a piece of research on a particular subject: The study showed that children who ate a good breakfast did better at school. ► experiment a scientific test done to find out how something reacts under particular conditions, or to find out if a particular idea is true: Skinner carried out a series of experiments to test his theory. ► work the things that you do when you are studying something: Edison is known for his work on lightbulbs, but he also invented a lot of other things. ► analysis a careful examination of something in order to understand it or to find out what it contains: She conducts in-depth analysis of business trends for her job. ► results/findings the information that someone has discovered as a result of research: The results of the study will be published in the "New England Journal of Medicine." ► conclusion something you decide is true after examining a subject carefully, especially when this is written at the end of an official report: Their conclusion was that the drug was effective in most cases. 1RESEARCH [countable] a piece of work that is done to find out more about a particular subject or problem, and usually includes a written report: Many studies have shown that vitamin C can help treat and prevent colds. The study was done in a laboratory. The results of this study suggest that the drug is effective in over 80% of cases.study of/into A study of new mothers found that many suffer from depression.according to a study According to a recent study, one in three Americans are overweight or obese.► see thesaurus at research12SUBJECT a)[uncountable] a particular type of subject that people learn about and study, especially a science: Linguistics is the study of language. b)studies [plural] used in the names of subjects that people study: I am taking an Environmental Studies class this semester.3EFFORTS TO LEARN somebody’s studies [plural] the work that someone does in order to learn about a particular subject, especially the classes he or she takes at a college or university: Karen gave up her studies when she had a baby.4SCHOOL WORK [uncountable] the activity of studying for school, college, etc.: His full-time job leaves little time for study. You would get better grades if you improved your study skills (=skills that help you study efficiently and be successful in school).5CAREFUL THOUGHT [uncountable] the act of examining something very carefully and in a lot of detail: The report merits careful study.6ROOM [countable] a room in a house that is used for work or studying7ART [countable] a small detailed drawing, especially one that is done to prepare for a large painting: The museum has a collection of the artist’s studies of flowers.8MUSIC [countable] eng. lang. arts a piece of music, usually for piano, that is often intended for practice9be a study in something to be a perfect example of something: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt were a study in contrasts.[Origin: 1100–1200 Old French estudie, from Latin studium mental effort, eagerness, study] → see also case studyCOLLOCATIONSverbsdo a study (also carry out a study) Many studies have been done on the effects of TV on young children.conduct a study formal (=do a study) The scientists are conducting a study into the effects of global warming.release a study (=make it be known) A study released this month finds that air pollution increases asthma symptoms.publish a study The study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.participate in a study Researchers are looking for women over 60 to participate in a study of how caffeine affects sleep.fund a study (=pay for it) The study was funded by a major U.S. pharmaceutical company.commission a study (=ask someone to do a study) The government has commissioned a study into the health of residents living near the power station.a study finds something The study found that men were more likely to take risks.a study shows/suggests/indicates something A new study suggests that older people are more reliable workers.a study reveals something (=shows something, especially something surprising) A recent study revealed that 74% of doughnuts are bought on impulse.a study concludes something The study concluded that early diagnosis results in more effective treatment.a study highlights (=shows that something is particularly important) A recent study highlights the need for more qualified teachers.a study aims to do something The study aimed to identify the housing needs of local people.a study examines/explores something (also a study looks at something, a study focuses on something) They did an in-depth study looking at women’s health during pregnancy.a study analyzes something The study analyzed data from Medicaid programs.a study confirms something (=shows that something is true) The study confirms what we all know – smoking is also bad for the people around you.adjectives/nouns + studya research study Research studies have found that the use of cell phones while driving increases the risk of crashes.a scientific study Many scientific studies have shown that ear infections can lead to speech problems in children.a detailed/comprehensive/in-depth study They carried out a detailed study into the effects of the disease on mice.a two-year/three-month etc. study They are conducting a five-year study into the effects of calcium on bone health.a longitudinal study (=a study that lasts many years) In a longitudinal study, the researchers found that there were fewer top students from low-income backgrounds in 1992 than in 1972.a huge/massive study The journal published the results of a massive study of 87,000 women.a recent study Recent studies show that women still get paid a lot less than men.the present study (=the one being done or discussed now) The present study confirms that second-hand smoke affects the health of children.a previous/earlier study The report is a summary of the work done in earlier studies.a landmark study (=a very important study) The landmark study compared how well American students did in math compared with the students of other countries.numerous/many studies (also a number of studies) Numerous studies from around the world show that both genes and the environment influence behavior.a pilot study (=one done to find out if something will be successful) The government has just completed a pilot study, with some encouraging results.a preliminary study (=the first one, after which there will be others) Preliminary studies indicated that there was water on Jupiter, but this was later found to be untrue.a feasibility study (=one done to find out if something is possible or practical) They commissioned a feasibility study into re-opening the old railroad line. noun | verb studystudy2 ●●● S1 W1 verb (, studied, studying) VERB TABLEstudy |
| Present | I, you, we, they | study | | he, she, it | studies | | Past | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | studied | | Present perfect | I, you, we, they | have studied | | he, she, it | has studied | | Past perfect | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | had studied | | Future | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | will study | | Future perfect | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | will have studied |
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| Present | I | am studying | | he, she, it | is studying | | you, we, they | are studying | | Past | I, he, she, it | was studying | | you, we, they | were studying | | Present perfect | I, you, we, they | have been studying | | he, she, it | has been studying | | Past perfect | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | had been studying | | Future | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | will be studying | | Future perfect | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | will have been studying |
► study to be a doctor/lawyer etc. Alex is studying to be an engineer. ► studied ... under He studied violin under (=was trained by) Andor Toth. THESAURUSsubject/skill► learn to gain knowledge of a subject or skill in an activity, by experience, by studying it, or by being taught: When did you start learning Spanish? She is the kind of student who is eager to learn. ► study to learn about a subject by reading books, going to classes, etc., especially at a school or university: He wants to study law in college. Anna is studying to be a veterinarian. ► train to learn the skills and get the experience that you need in order to do a particular job: The pilot trained at the U.S. Naval Academy. ► master to learn something so well that you have no difficulty with it, especially a skill or a language: I lived in Korea for several years but never really mastered the language. ► become familiar with something (also familiarize yourself with something) to learn about a subject by finding information and reading about it, because you know you are going to need this knowledge: She prepared for the interview by familiarizing herself with all aspects of the company. ► pick something up informal to learn something easily, without making much effort or having lessons: I picked up a few words of Spanish when I was on vacation in Mexico. to look at, consider, or study something in order to find out about it► examine to look at, consider, or study something in order to find out about it: The study examines the emotional effects of unemployment. ► analyze to examine something carefully and in detail in order to understand it or find out what it contains: When they analyzed the data, they found some surprising results. ► inspect to examine something to make sure that it is correct, safe, or working properly, especially when it is your job to do this: The building is regularly inspected by a fire safety officer. ► go through/go over to examine something thoroughly from beginning to end, especially in order to check that it is correct: You should ask your lawyer to go through the contract before you sign it. ► study to spend time examining something very carefully, in order to learn about it: Scientists have been studying the effects of climate change on the Earth for years. ► review to examine something carefully in order to see if any changes are necessary: The bank reviewed its security procedures after the robbery. ► scrutinize to examine something very closely and carefully in order to find out whether there is anything wrong: Each part of the piano is carefully scrutinized, adjusted, and then tested again. ► evaluate to examine someone or something so that you can judge how good, useful, or successful it is: The program will be evaluated in three months to see if students have made progress. words/books► reada)to look at written words and understand what they mean: I like to read in bed. Always read the directions before you begin.b)to have the ability to look at words and understand them: My parents taught me to read. I can read Spanish, but I can’t speak it very well. ► browse to look at pages of a magazine or book and just read the interesting parts: He browsed through one of the old books. ► skim to read something very quickly to get the main ideas: I only had time to skim the article, so I didn’t get all the details. ► look through to turn the pages of something and look at them without reading everything: He looked through the report to make sure all the pages were there. ► flip/thumb through something to quickly turn the pages of a magazine or book without reading much: She flipped nervously through a magazine as she waited to see the doctor. ► scan to read something quickly to find the specific information you want: She scanned the list for her name. ► study to read something very carefully to find out information: Lisa studied the menu in the restaurant, hoping to find something that was not too fattening. ► pore over something to read something very carefully for a long time: She pored over the journals looking for clues. ► devour something formal to read something quickly and eagerly: As a child, Gayle devoured detective stories. ► plow/wade through something to read something long and boring: It would take hours to wade through the contract. ► peruse formal to read something carefully: She sat at her desk perusing the manual. 1FOR A CLASS/TEST [intransitive] to do work such as reading to prepare for a class, test, etc.: She’s always studying.study for I have to stay home and study for a quiz.2LEARN ABOUT A SUBJECT [intransitive, transitive] to learn about a subject by spending time reading, going to classes, etc.: He’s studying biology at college.study to be a doctor/lawyer etc. Alex is studying to be an engineer.study for Several of the young men were studying for the priesthood. He studied violin under (=was trained by) Andor Toth.► see thesaurus at learn3EXAMINE A PROCESS [transitive] to watch and examine something carefully over a period of time in order to find out more about it: He studied the behavior of gorillas.study how/why/when etc. They’re studying how stress affects health.► see thesaurus at examine4CONSIDER something [transitive] to spend a lot of time carefully examining a plan, document, problem, etc.: We are studying the possibility of moving our offices.study how/why/when etc. University officials are studying how to increase enrollment.5READ/LOOK AT something [transitive] to read or look at something very carefully to find information: They studied the map for a few moments.► see thesaurus at read1 |