| 单词 | by |
| 释义 | by —by /baɪ/ preposition (AGENT) ► A2 used to show the person or thing that does something: » The motorcycle was driven by a tiny bald man.» We were amazed by what she told us.» I'm reading some short stories (written) by Chekhov.» The book was translated by a well-known author.» I felt frightened by the anger in his voice.• • • Extra Examples:» The roof of the temple was held up by a row of thick stone columns.» The girl's mother was at home today, being comforted by relatives.» The English were conquered by the Normans in 1066.» The temperature is controlled by a thermostat.» Any painting by Van Gogh is worth a fortune.preposition (DURING) ► F0 during: » We travelled by night and rested by day.Thesaurus+: ↑Simultaneous and consecutive , ↑Order and sequencepreposition (MEASUREMENT) ► B2 used to show measurements or amounts: » Our office floor space measured twelve metres by ten (= was twelve metres in one direction and ten in the other).» Their wages were increased by 15 percent.» Freelance workers are paid by the hour (= for every hour they work).» These phones have sold by the thousand.preposition (METHOD) ► A2 used to show how something is done: » They travelled across Europe by train/car.» She did the decorating (all) by herself (= alone, without help from anyone).» We went in by (= through) the front door.» Do you wish to be paid in cash or by cheque?» He learned English by listening to the radio.» Suddenly, she grabbed him by the arm (= took hold of this part of his body).» I refuse to live by (= following) their rules.Thesaurus+: ↑Ways of achieving things• • • Extra Examples:» She cheated in the test by copying from the boy in front.» I don't have any cash on me, so could I pay by cheque?» Whenever I travel by train, I always travel first class.» He managed to stay afloat by holding on to the side of the boat.» The pilot avoided a collision by changing course.preposition (NOT LATER THAN) ► A2 not later than; at or before: » She had promised to be back by five o'clock.» The application must be in by the 31st to be accepted.» By the time I got to the station the train had already gone.Thesaurus+: ↑Before, after and already , ↑After and behind• • • Extra Examples:» We are committed to withdrawing our troops by the end of the year.» All contributions for the school magazine must be received by 1 August.» We need a firm decision by the end of the week.» I've got to be home by seven.» I aim to be a millionaire by the time I'm 35.preposition be all right/fine by sb► F0 If something is all right/fine by someone, they agree that it can happen: » "I'd prefer to go later." "That's fine by me."» If it's all right by you, I'd like to leave now.Thesaurus+: ↑Accepting and agreeing , ↑Accepting and agreeing reluctantly , ↑Approving and approvalpreposition by nature, profession, trade, etc.► F0 used when describing someone's character, job, etc.: » She is, by nature, a sunny, positive sort of a person.» He's a plumber by trade.» She was, by profession, a lawyer.Thesaurus+: ↑Jobs, careers and professions , ↑Workingpreposition adverb ► B1 near, at the side of or (in distance or time) past: » A small child stood sullenly by her side.» He wanted to keep her close by him always.» The policewoman walked by (= past) them without saying a word.» The years flew by.Thesaurus+: ↑Closeness in distance and time , ↑About to happen• • • Extra Examples:» We spent a week by the coast.» He held my arms down by my sides.» He has a house down by the harbour.» She sat reading by the fireside.» I was just passing by, so I thought I'd drop in for a chat. |
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