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单词 scratch
释义

scratch

verb
 
/skrætʃ/
/skrætʃ/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they scratch
/skrætʃ/
/skrætʃ/
he / she / it scratches
/ˈskrætʃɪz/
/ˈskrætʃɪz/
past simple scratched
/skrætʃt/
/skrætʃt/
past participle scratched
/skrætʃt/
/skrætʃt/
-ing form scratching
/ˈskrætʃɪŋ/
/ˈskrætʃɪŋ/
Idioms Phrasal Verbs
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    rub with your nails

  1.  
    [transitive, intransitive] to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching
    • scratch something John yawned and scratched his chin.
    • scratch (yourself) The dog scratched itself behind the ear.
    • Try not to scratch.
    • scratch at something She scratched at the insect bites on her arm.
    Extra Examples
    • He absently scratched his head.
    • He kept scratching at his nose.
    • He scratched at his beard for a few seconds.
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadverb
    • badly
    • absently
    • lightly
    preposition
    • at
    • on
    • with
    See full entry
  2. cut skin

  3.  
    [transitive, intransitive] to cut or damage your skin slightly with something sharp
    • scratch (somebody/something/yourself) I'd scratched my leg and it was bleeding.
    • Does the cat scratch?
    • scratch somebody/something/yourself on something She scratched herself on a nail.
    Extra Examples
    • I scratched my arm on a rose bush.
    • She scratched his face with her nails.
    • She had obviously tried to scratch her attacker.
    Topics Illnessb2
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadverb
    • badly
    • absently
    • lightly
    preposition
    • at
    • on
    • with
    See full entry
  4. damage surface

  5.  
    [transitive] scratch something to damage the surface of something, especially by accident, by making thin shallow marks on it
    • Be careful not to scratch the furniture.
    • The car's paintwork is badly scratched.
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadverb
    • badly
    • absently
    • lightly
    preposition
    • at
    • on
    • with
    See full entry
  6. make/remove mark

  7.  
    [transitive] scratch something + adv./prep. to make or remove a mark, etc. on something deliberately, by rubbing it with something hard or sharp
    • They scratched lines in the dirt to mark out a pitch.
    • Some graffiti had been scratched on the back of the door.
    • We scratched some of the dirt away.
    • (figurative) You can scratch my name off the list.
  8. make sound

  9.  
    [intransitive] (+ adv./prep.) to make an annoying noise by rubbing something with something sharp
    • His pen scratched away on the paper.
    • We could hear mice scratching behind the wall.
    • The dog kept scratching at the door to go out.
  10. a living

  11. [transitive] scratch a living to make enough money to live on, but with difficulty
    • 75% of the population scratch a living from the soil.
  12. cancel

  13. [transitive, intransitive] to decide that something cannot happen or somebody/something cannot take part in something, before it starts
    • scratch somebody/something to scratch a rocket launch
    • scratch somebody/something from something The horse was scratched from the race because of injury.
    • scratch (from something) She had scratched because of a knee injury.
  14. Word Originlate Middle English: probably a blend of the synonymous dialect words scrat and cratch, both of uncertain origin; compare with Middle Low German kratsen and Old High German krazzōn.
Idioms
scratch your head (over something)
  1. to think hard in order to find an answer to something
    • Experts have been scratching their heads over the increase in teenage crime.
scratch the surface (of something)
  1. to deal with, understand, or find out about only a small part of a subject or problem
    • We left feeling that we had just scratched the surface of this fascinating country.
    • The investigation barely scratched the surface of the city's drug problem.
you scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours
  1. (saying) used to say that if somebody helps you, you will help them, even if this is unfair to others

scratch

noun
 
/skrætʃ/
/skrætʃ/
Idioms
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    mark/cut

  1.  
    [countable] a mark, a cut or an injury made by scratching somebody’s skin or the surface of something
    • Her hands were covered in scratches from the brambles.
    • a scratch on the paintwork
    • It's only a scratch (= a very slight injury).
    • without a scratch He escaped without a scratch (= was not hurt at all).
    Extra Examples
    • I've got some nasty scratches on my legs.
    • Powdered cleansers will leave scratches on the glass.
    Topics Illnessb2
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • deep
    • long
    • nasty
    verb + scratch
    • have
    • get
    • leave
    scratch + noun
    • mark
    preposition
    • without a scratch
    See full entry
  2. sound

  3. [singular] the unpleasant sound of something sharp or rough being rubbed against a surface
  4. with your nails

  5. [singular] the act of scratching a part of your body when it itches
    • Go on, have a good scratch!
  6. Word Originlate Middle English: probably a blend of the synonymous dialect words scrat and cratch, both of uncertain origin; compare with Middle Low German kratsen and Old High German krazzōn.
Idioms
from scratch
  1. without any previous preparation or knowledge
    • I learned German from scratch in six months.
    • He built the orchestra up from scratch.
  2. from the very beginning, not using any of the work done earlier
    • They decided to dismantle the machine and start again from scratch.
up to scratch
  1. as good as something/somebody should be synonym satisfactory
    • His work simply isn't up to scratch.
    • It'll take months to bring the band up to scratch.

scratch

adjective
/skrætʃ/
/skrætʃ/
(British English)
jump to other results
  1. put together in a hurry using whatever people or materials are available
    • a scratch team
  2. (especially in golf) with no handicap
    • a scratch player
    Topics Sports: ball and racket sportsc2
  3. Word Originlate Middle English: probably a blend of the synonymous dialect words scrat and cratch, both of uncertain origin; compare with Middle Low German kratsen and Old High German krazzōn.
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更新时间:2024/12/23 16:09:54