| 单词 | immunity |
| 释义 | immunity (once / 1243 pages) n Immunity means exemption or resistance. If you're protected against something, you have immunity to it. Your new silver clothes just might grant you immunity from getting thrown in jail by the fashion police. In the late 14th century, the noun immunity, which means “exempt from service or obligation,” developed from the Latin immunitatem, which has nearly identical meaning. Break that word down even further, and you get immunis, meaning “exempt, free,” from in "not" and munis, meaning “performing services.” In a medical sense, immunity is “protection from disease.” Your annual flu shot tries to give you immunity from, or make you insusceptible to, the illness. WORD FAMILYimmunity: immunities+/immune: immunes, immunise, immunity, immunize, nonimmune/immunise: immunisation, immunised/immunization: immunizations/immunize: immunization, immunized, immunizes, immunizing USAGE EXAMPLESThe immunity IV drip involves one litre of hydration and is designed to "combat superbugs and common viruses", according to the Drip Doctors website. BBC(Dec 29, 2016) It’s an understated satire on gentrification, in which multiracial affluence doesn’t provide immunity from the ancient clashes of urban life. New York Times(Dec 28, 2016) But she said the officers in this case were entitled to immunity because there was no evidence they acted maliciously, recklessly or in bad faith. Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016) 1n (medicine) the condition in which an organism can resist disease Syn|Hypo|Hyper resistance immunogenicity the property of eliciting an immune response acquired immunityimmunity to a particular disease that is not innate but has been acquired during life; immunity can be acquired by the development of antibodies after an attack of an infectious disease or by a pregnant mother passing antibodies through the placenta to a fetus or by vaccination innate immunity, natural immunityimmunity to disease that occurs as part of an individual's natural biologic makeup active immunitya form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies against disease-causing antigens passive immunityan impermanent form of acquired immunity in which antibodies against a disease are acquired naturally (as through the placenta to an unborn child) or artificially (as by injection of antiserum) racial immunitynatural immunity shared by all members of a particular race condition, status a state at a particular time 2n the state of not being susceptible Syn|Ant|Hypo|Hyper unsusceptibility susceptibility, susceptibleness the state of being susceptible; easily affected exemption, freedom immunity from an obligation or duty amnestya period during which offenders are exempt from punishment diplomatic immunityexemption from taxation or normal processes of law that is offered to diplomatic personnel in a foreign country indemnitylegal exemption from liability for damages impunityexemption from punishment or loss grandfather clausean exemption based on circumstances existing prior to the adoption of some policy; used to enfranchise illiterate whites in south after the American Civil War condition, status a state at a particular time 3n the quality of being unaffected by something immunity to criticism Hyper invulnerability the property of being invulnerable; the property of being incapable of being hurt (physically or emotionally) 4n an act exempting someone he was granted immunity from prosecution Syn|Hypo|Hyper exemption, granting immunity fix an exemption granted after influence (e.g., money) is brought to bear official immunitypersonal immunity accorded to a public official from liability to anyone injured by actions that are the consequence of exerting official authority sovereign immunityan exemption that precludes bringing a suit against the sovereign government without the government's consent testimonial immunity, use immunityan exemption that displaces the privilege against self-incrimination; neither compelled testimony or any fruits of it can be used against the witness who therefore can no longer fear self-incrimination transactional immunitya broader form of use immunity that also protects the witness from any prosecution brought about relating to transactions to which they gave testimony discharge, release, waiver a formal written statement of relinquishment |
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