| 单词 | sanction |
| 释义 | sanction (once / 301 pages) 1nv 2nv Sanction has two nearly opposite meanings: to sanction can be to approve of something, but it can also mean to punish, or speak harshly to. Likewise, a sanction can be a punishment or approval. Very confusing––the person who invented this word should be publicly sanctioned! See if you can guess the meaning of sanction in the following contexts. Before invading Iraq, the US and its allies first imposed sanctions on the country, refusing to supply the country with much-needed trade items. Did you guess sanction=punishment? You were right! But by trading with China at the same time, the US quietly sanctioned that nation's known instances of human rights abuses. Did you guess sanction=approval? You're right again! WORD FAMILYsanction: sanctioned, sanctioning, sanctions+/sanctioned: unsanctioned USAGE EXAMPLESTen years later, Capucci led a delegation of clerics and intellectuals to Iraq in a show of solidarity against UN sanctions. BBC(Jan 02, 2017) Security Council imposed sanctions for its nuclear tests and long-range rocket launches dating back to 2006. Reuters(Jan 02, 2017) On Thursday, Mr. Obama announced a series of sanctions against Russia for its attempts to disrupt the November election. New York Times(Jan 02, 2017) 1 1n official permission or approval Syn|Hyper authorisation, authority, authorization permission approval to do something 2n formal and explicit approval Syn|Hypo|Hyper countenance, endorsement, imprimatur, indorsement, warrant O.K., OK, okay, okeh, okey an endorsement visaan endorsement made in a passport that allows the bearer to enter the country issuing it nihil obstatthe phrase used by the official censor of the Roman Catholic Church to say that a publication has been examined and contains nothing offensive to the church approval, commendation a message expressing a favorable opinion 3n the act of final authorization it had the sanction of the church Hypo|Hyper benefit of clergy sanction by a religious rite nameby the sanction or authority of nihil obstatauthoritative approval authorisation, authorization, empowerment the act of conferring legality or sanction or formal warrant 4v give authority or permission to Hyper authorise, authorize, empower give or delegate power or authority to 5v give sanction to Syn|Ant|Hypo|Hyper O.K., approve, okay disapprove, reject deem wrong or inappropriate visa approve officially back, endorse, indorse, plump for, plunk for, supportbe behind; approve of confirmsupport a person for a position guarantee, warrantstand behind and guarantee the quality, accuracy, or condition of champion, defendprotect or fight for as a champion authorise, authorize, clear, pass grant authorization or clearance for 6v give religious sanction to, such as through on oath 2Hyper O.K., approve, okay give sanction to 1n a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards Hyper social control control exerted (actively or passively) by group action 2n the act of punishing Syn|Hypo|Hyper penalisation, penalization, penalty, punishment castigation, chastisement verbal punishment corporal punishmentthe infliction of physical injury on someone convicted of committing a crime cruel and unusual punishmentpunishment prohibited by the 8th amendment to the U.S. Constitution; includes torture or degradation or punishment too severe for the crime committed detentiona punishment in which a student must stay at school after others have gone home correction, disciplinethe act of punishing economic strangulationpunishment of a group by cutting off commercial dealings with them imprisonmentputting someone in prison or in jail as lawful punishment medicine, musicpunishment for one's actions self-punishmentpunishment inflicted on yourself stickthreat of a penalty penance, self-abasement, self-mortificationvoluntary self-punishment in order to atone for some wrongdoing beating, drubbing, lacing, licking, thrashing, trouncing, whackingthe act of inflicting corporal punishment with repeated blows self-flagellationself-punishment inflicted by whipping spankingthe act of slapping on the buttocks electric shockthe use of electricity to administer punishment or torture capital punishment, death penalty, executing, executionputting a condemned person to death gantlet, gauntleta form of punishment in which a person is forced to run between two lines of men facing each other and armed with clubs or whips to beat the victim kick in the buttpunishment inflicted by kicking the victim in the behind lapidation, stoningthe act of pelting with stones; punishment inflicted by throwing stones at the victim (even unto death) social control control exerted (actively or passively) by group action 3v impose a penalty on; inflict punishment on Syn|Hypo penalise, penalize, punish avenge, retaliate, revenge take revenge for a perceived wrong tar-and-feathersmear the body of (someone) with tar and feathers; done in some societies as punishment execute, put to deathkill as a means of socially sanctioned punishment pillorypunish by putting in a pillory castigateinflict severe punishment on amercepunish with an arbitrary penalty victimise, victimizepunish unjustly scourgepunish severely; excoriate correct, discipline, sort outpunish in order to gain control or enforce obedience get back, get eventake revenge or even out a score crucifykill by nailing onto a cross burnburn at the stake hang, string upkill by hanging |
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