| 单词 | taxonomic category |
| 释义 | taxonomic category (once / 3939771 pages) n WORD FAMILY taxonomic category: taxonomic categories USAGE EXAMPLESOnly recently have tardigrades been given their own phylum, a major taxonomic category. New York Times(Sep 07, 2015) The first group of marine invaders to go live on the Web site are the tunicates, a taxonomic category sometimes referred to as sea squirts. New York Times(Mar 13, 2012) Such features are often of utmost importance in distinguishing the higher taxonomic categories. Stallcup, William B., Myology and Serology of the Avian F...(2010) n animal or plant group having natural relations Syn|Hypo|Hyper taxon, taxonomic group Adapid, Adapid group extinct small mostly diurnal lower primates that fed on leaves and fruit; abundant in North America and Europe 30 to 50 million years ago; their descendents probably include the lemurs; some authorities consider them ancestral to anthropoids but others consider them only cousins Omomyid, Omomyid groupextinct tiny nocturnal lower primates that fed on fruit and insects; abundant in North America and Europe 30 to 50 million years ago; probably gave rise to the tarsiers; some authorities consider them ancestral to anthropoids but others consider them only cousins kingdomthe highest taxonomic group into which organisms are grouped; one of five biological categories: Monera or Protoctista or Plantae or Fungi or Animalia subkingdom(biology) a taxonomic group comprising a major division of a kingdom variety(biology) a taxonomic category consisting of members of a species that differ from others of the same species in minor but heritable characteristics phylum(biology) the major taxonomic group of animals and plants; contains classes subphylum(biology) a taxonomic group ranking between a phylum and a class superphylum(biology) a taxonomic group ranking between a phylum and below a class or subclass class(biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more orders subclass(biology) a taxonomic category below a class and above an order superclass(biology) a taxonomic class below a phylum and above a class order(biology) taxonomic group containing one or more families suborder(biology) taxonomic group that is a subdivision of an order superorder(biology) a taxonomic group ranking above an order and below a class or subclass family(biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera superfamily(biology) a taxonomic group ranking below an order but above a family subfamily(biology) a taxonomic category below a family tribe(biology) a taxonomic category between a genus and a subfamily genus(biology) taxonomic group containing one or more species subgenus(biology) taxonomic group between a genus and a species monotype(biology) a taxonomic group with a single member (a single species or genus) species(biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed race, subspecies(biology) a taxonomic group that is a division of a species; usually arises as a consequence of geographical isolation within a species form, strain, var., variant(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups type(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon Pteridospermae, Pteridospermaphyta, group Pteridospermae, group Pteridospermaphytaused in some classification systems: a group of extinct fossil gymnosperms coextensive with the order Cycadofilicales Centrospermae, group Centrospermaeused in former classification systems; approximately synonymous with order Caryophyllales Amentiferae, group Amentiferaeused in some classification systems for plants that bear catkins Phycomycetes, Phycomycetes groupa large and probably unnatural group of fungi and funguslike organisms comprising the Mastigomycota (including the Oomycetes) and Zygomycota subdivisions of the division Eumycota; a category not used in all systems Animalia, animal kingdom, kingdom Animaliataxonomic kingdom comprising all living or extinct animals form genusan artificial taxonomic category established on the basis of morphological resemblance for organisms of obscure true relationships especially fossil forms Filoviridaea family of threadlike RNA viruses that cause diseases in humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys and chimpanzees) Monera, Prokayotae, kingdom Monera, kingdom Prokaryotaeprokaryotic bacteria and blue-green algae and various primitive pathogens; because of lack of consensus on how to divide the organisms into phyla informal names are used for the major divisions animal orderthe order of animals protoctist orderthe order of protoctists bacteria familya family of bacteria bacteria genusa genus of bacteria bacteria speciesa species of bacteria Schizomycetes, class Schizomycetesa former classification Cyanophyceae, class Cyanobacteria, class Cyanophyceaephotosynthetic bacteria found in fresh and salt water, having chlorophyll a and phycobilins; once thought to be algae: blue-green algae Protoctista, kingdom Protoctistain most modern classifications, replacement for the Protista; includes: Protozoa; Euglenophyta; Chlorophyta; Cryptophyta; Heterokontophyta; Rhodophyta; unicellular protists and their descendant multicellular organisms: regarded as distinct from plants and animals protoctist familyany of the families of Protoctista protoctist genusany genus of Protoctista Pyrrophyta, phylum Pyrrophytaa division of lower plants comprising unicellular and biflagellate algae that form starchy compounds Protozoa, phylum Protozoain some classifications considered a superphylum or a subkingdom; comprises flagellates; ciliates; sporozoans; amoebas; foraminifers Sarcodina, class Sarcodinacharacterized by the formation of pseudopods for locomotion and taking food: Actinopoda; Rhizopoda Actinopoda, subclass Actinopodaheliozoans; radiolarians Rhizopoda, subclass Rhizopodacreeping protozoans: amoebas and foraminifers Endamoebidae, family Endamoebidaea large family of endoparasitic amebas that invade the digestive tract Ciliata, Ciliophora, class Ciliata, class Ciliophoraclass of protozoa having cilia or hairlike appendages on part or all of the surface during some part of the life cycle Infusoria, subclass Infusoriain some recent classifications, coextensive with the Ciliata: minute organisms found in decomposing infusions of organic matter Chrysophyceae, Heterokontae, class Chrysophyceae, class Heterokontaeall the yellow-green algae having flagella of unequal length Xanthophyceae, class Xanthophyceaeyellow-green algae Bacillariophyceae, Diatomophyceae, class Bacillariophyceae, class Diatomophyceaemarine and freshwater eukaryotic algae: diatoms Phaeophyceae, class Phaeophyceaebrown algae; mostly marine and littoral eukaryotic algae Cyclosporeae, class Cyclosporeaein more recent classifications superseded by the order Fucales Euglenophyceae, class Euglenophyceaecoextensive with the division Euglenophyta Chlorophyceae, class Chlorophyceaealgae distinguished chiefly by having flagella and a clear green color, their chlorophyll being masked little if at all by other pigments Ulvophyceae, class Ulvophyceaealternative name for the class Chlorophyceae in some classifications Charophyceae, class Charophyceaein some classifications: contains only the order Charales Rhodophyceae, class Rhodophyceaecoextensive with the Rhodophyta: red algae Flagellata, Mastigophora, class Flagellata, class Mastigophoraprotozoa having flagella Zoomastigina, subclass Zoomastiginain some classifications considered a phylum of the kingdom Protista; holozoic or saprozoic flagellates Phytomastigina, subclass Phytomastiginaplantlike flagellates containing chlorophyll; often considered unicellular algae Cryptophyta, phylum Cryptophytaa phylum in the kingdom Protoctista Cryptophyceae, class Cryptophyceaemotile usually brownish-green protozoa-like algae Sporozoa, class Sporozoastrictly parasitic protozoans that are usually immobile; includes plasmodia and coccidia and piroplasms and malaria parasites Telosporidia, subclass Telosporidiaparasitic sporozoans that form spores containing one or more infective sporozoites Acnidosporidia, subclass Acnidosporidiaa subclass of Sporozoa Cnidosporidia, subclass Cnidosporidiasingle-host parasites of lower vertebrates and invertebrates fish familyany of various families of fish fish genusany of various genus of fish Chordata, phylum Chordatacomprises true vertebrates and animals having a notochord chordate familyany family in the phylum Chordata chordate genusany genus in the phylum Chordata Cephalochordata, subphylum Cephalochordatalancelets Tunicata, Urochorda, Urochordata, subphylum Tunicata, subphylum Urochorda, subphylum Urochordatatunicates Ascidiaceae, class Ascidiaceaesometimes classified as an order: sea squirts Thaliacea, class Thaliaceasmall class of free-swimming tunicates; sometimes classified as an order Larvacea, class Larvaceasmall free-swimming tunicates; sometimes classified as an order Craniata, Vertebrata, subphylum Craniata, subphylum Vertebratafishes; amphibians; reptiles; birds; mammals Agnatha, superclass Agnathasuperclass of eel-shaped chordates lacking jaws and pelvic fins: lampreys; hagfishes; some extinct forms Gnathostomata, superclass Gnathostomatacomprising all vertebrates with upper and lower jaws Placodermi, class Placodermiextinct group of bony-plated fishes with primitive jaws Chondrichthyes, class Chondrichthyescartilaginous fishes Holocephali, subclass Holocephalichimaeras and extinct forms Elasmobranchii, Selachii, subclass Elasmobranchii, subclass Selachiisharks; rays; dogfishes; skates Aves, class Aves(ornithology) the class of birds bird familya family of warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings bird genusa genus of birds Archaeornithes, subclass Archaeornithesprimitive reptile-like fossil birds of the Jurassic or early Cretaceous amphibia, class Amphibiathe class of vertebrates that live on land but breed in water; frogs; toads; newts; salamanders; caecilians amphibian familyany family of amphibians amphibian genusany genus of amphibians reptile familya family of reptiles reptile genusa genus of reptiles Reptilia, class Reptiliaclass of cold-blooded air-breathing vertebrates with completely ossified skeleton and a body usually covered with scales or horny plates; once the dominant land animals Anapsida, subclass Anapsidaoldest known reptiles; turtles and extinct Permian forms Lepidosauria, subclass Lepidosauriadiapsid reptiles: lizards; snakes; tuataras Archosauria, subclass Archosauriaa large subclass of diapsid reptiles including: crocodiles; alligators; dinosaurs; pterosaurs; plesiosaurs; ichthyosaurs; thecodonts Synapsida, subclass Synapsidaextinct reptiles of the Permian to Jurassic considered ancestral to mammals arthropod familyany of the arthropods arthropod genusa genus of arthropods Arthropoda, phylum Arthropodajointed-foot invertebrates: arachnids; crustaceans; insects; millipedes; centipedes Chelicerata, superclass Chelicerataspiders; scorpions; horseshoe crabs Arachnida, class Arachnidaa large class of arthropods including spiders and ticks and scorpions and daddy longlegs; have four pairs of walking legs and no wings superclass Myriapodaused in some classifications to encompass the millipedes (Diplopoda) and centipedes (Chilopoda); formerly a large taxon including also the Pauropoda and Symphyla; the term Myriapoda now usually used synonymously with Diplopoda and limited to the millipedes Pauropoda, class Pauropodaan obscure class of minute arthropods with branched antennae and 8 to 10 pairs of legs Symphyla, class Symphylasmall class of minute arthropods; unimportant except for the garden centipede Tardigrada, class Tardigradain some classifications considered a separate phylum: microscopic arachnid-like invertebrates living in water or damp moss having 4 pairs of legs and instead of a mouth a pair of stylets or needlelike piercing organs connected with the pharynx Chilopoda, class Chilopodaarthropods having the trunk composed of numerous somites each bearing one pair of legs: centipedes Diplopoda, Myriapoda, class Diplopoda, class Myriapodaarthropods having the body composed of numerous double somites each with two pairs of legs: millipedes Pentastomida, subphylum Pentastomidatongue worms Mammalia, class Mammaliawarm-blooded vertebrates characterized by mammary glands in the female mammal familya family of mammals mammal genusa genus of mammals Prototheria, subclass Prototheriaechidnas; platypus Pantotheria, subclass Pantotheriageneralized extinct mammals widespread during the Jurassic; commonly conceded to be ancestral to marsupial and placental mammals Metatheria, subclass Metatheriapouched animals Eutheria, subclass Eutheriaall mammals except monotremes and marsupials Parazoa, subkingdom Parazoamulticellular organisms having less-specialized cells than in the Metazoa; comprises the single phylum Porifera Porifera, phylum Poriferacoextensive with the subkingdom Parazoa: sponges sponge genusa genus of Porifera Hyalospongiae, class Hyalospongiaesponges with siliceous spicules that have six rays; choanocytes are restricted to finger-shaped chambers coelenterate familya family of coelenterates coelenterate genusa genus of coelenterates Metazoa, subkingdom Metazoamulticellular animals having cells differentiated into tissues and organs and usually a digestive cavity and nervous system Cnidaria, Coelenterata, phylum Cnidaria, phylum Coelenteratahydras; polyps; jellyfishes; sea anemones; corals Scyphozoa, class Scyphozoacoelenterates in which the polyp stage is absent or at least inconspicuous: jellyfishes Hydrozoa, class Hydrozoacoelenterates typically having alternation of generations; hydroid phase is usually colonial giving rise to the medusoid phase by budding: hydras and jellyfishes Actinozoa, Anthozoa, class Actinozoa, class Anthozoaa large class of sedentary marine coelenterates that includes sea anemones and corals; the medusoid phase is entirely suppressed ctenophore familya family of ctenophores ctenophore genusa genus of ctenophores Ctenophora, phylum Ctenophoracomb jellies; sea acorns; a small phylum formerly considered a class of Coelenterata Nuda, class Nudactenophores lacking tentacles; comprises one genus: beroe Tentaculata, class Tentaculatactenophores have retractile tentacles worm familya family of worms worm genusa genus of worms Acanthocephala, phylum Acanthocephalaphylum or class of elongated wormlike parasites that live in the intestines of vertebrates: spiny-headed worms Chaetognatha, phylum Chaetognathaarrowworms: a group of small active transparent marine worms Platyhelminthes, phylum Platyhelminthesflatworms Turbellaria, class Turbellariafree-living flatworms Trematoda, class Trematodaparasitic flatworms (including flukes) Cestoda, class Cestodatapeworms Nemertea, Nemertina, phylum Nemertea, phylum Nemertinaproboscis worms Pogonophora, phylum Pogonophorabeard worms Rotifera, phylum Rotiferaa phylum including: rotifers Aschelminthes, Nematoda, phylum Aschelminthes, phylum Nematodaunsegmented worms: roundworms; threadworms; eelworms Aphasmidia, class Aphasmidiaone of two subgroups of Nematoda used in some classification systems Phasmidia, class Phasmidiaone of two subgroups of Nematoda used in some classification systems Annelida, phylum Annelidasegmented worms: earthworms; lugworms; leeches Archiannelida, class Archiannelidaa class of Annelida Oligochaeta, class Oligochaetaearthworms Polychaeta, class Polychaetamarine annelid worms Hirudinea, class Hirudineahermaphroditic aquatic or terrestrial or parasitic annelids mollusk familya family of mollusks mollusk genusa genus of mollusks Mollusca, phylum Molluscagastropods; bivalves; cephalopods; chitons Scaphopoda, class Scaphopodasmall class of bilaterally symmetrical marine forms comprising the tooth shells Gasteropoda, Gastropoda, class Gasteropoda, class Gastropodasnails and slugs and their relatives Opisthobranchia, subclass Opisthobranchiagastropods having the gills when present posterior to the heart and having no operculum: includes sea slugs; sea butterflies; sea hares Amphineura, subclass Amphineuraa class of Gastropoda Polyplacophora, class Polyplacophorasmall class of marine mollusks comprising the chitons; sometimes considered an order of the subclass Amphineura Bivalvia, Lamellibranchia, class Bivalvia, class Lamellibranchia, class Pelecypodaoysters; clams; scallops; mussels Cephalopoda, class Cephalopodaoctopuses; squids; cuttlefish; pearly nautilus Dibranchia, Dibranchiata, subclass Dibranchia, subclass Dibranchiatacomprising all living cephalopods except the family Nautilidae: the orders Octopoda (octopuses) and Decapoda (squids and cuttlefish) Crustacea, class Crustaceaclass of mandibulate arthropods including: lobsters; crabs; shrimps; woodlice; barnacles; decapods; water fleas Malacostraca, subclass Malacostracalargest subclass of Crustacea including most of the well-known marine, freshwater, and terrestrial crustaceans: crabs; lobsters; shrimps; sow bugs; beach flies Entomostraca, subclass Entomostracain some older classifications includes the Branchiopoda and Copepoda and Ostracoda and Cirripedia; no longer in technical use Branchiopoda, subclass Branchiopodaprimitive aquatic mainly freshwater crustaceans: fairy shrimps; brine shrimps; tadpole shrimps; can shrimps; water fleas Copepoda, subclass Copepodaminute planktonic or parasitic crustaceans Ostracoda, subclass Ostracodaseed shrimps Cirripedia, subclass Cirripediabarnacles Onychophora, class Onychophoraenigmatic small elongated wormlike terrestrial invertebrates of damp dark habitats in warm regions; distinct from the phylum Annelida; resemble slugs with legs and are sometimes described as the missing link between arthropods and annelids Hexapoda, Insecta, class Hexapoda, class Insectainsects; about five-sixths of all known animal species Panorpidae, family Panorpidaea family of insects of the order Mecoptera Bittacidae, family Bittacidaea family of predacious tropical insects of the order Mecoptera Exopterygota, Hemimetabola, subclass Exopterygotasubclass of insects characterized by gradual and usually incomplete metamorphosis Phoronida, Phoronidea, phylum Phoronidasmall phylum of wormlike marine animals Bryozoa, phylum Bryozoa, polyzoamarine or freshwater animals that form colonies of zooids Ectoprocta, phylum Ectoproctacoextensive with or a subphylum of Bryozoa Endoprocta, Entoprocta, phylum Entoproctasometimes considered a subphylum of Bryozoa Cycliophora, phylum Cycliophoratiny marine organisms each the size of a period found in great numbers on lobsters' lips; identified tentatively in 1995 as a new phylum or as possible link between Entoprocta and Ectoprocta Brachiopoda, phylum Brachiopodamarine invertebrates that resemble mollusks Sipuncula, phylum Sipunculapeanut worms echinoderm familya family of echinoderms echinoderm genusa genus of echinoderms Echinodermata, phylum Echinodermataradially symmetrical marine invertebrates including e.g. starfish and sea urchins and sea cucumbers Asteroidea, class Asteroideasea stars Ophiuroidea, class Ophiuroideabrittle stars and basket stars Ophiurida, subclass Ophiuridabrittle stars Euryalida, subclass Euryalidabasket stars Echinoidea, class Echinoideasea urchins and sand dollars Crinoidea, class Crinoideasea lilies Holothuroidea, class Holothuroideaclass of echinoderms including the sea cucumbers Bovini, tribe Boviniterm not used technically; essentially coextensive with genus Bos Hominoidea, superfamily Hominoideaanthropoid apes and human beings Channidae, class Channidaesnakeheads Osteichthyes, class Osteichthyesa class of fish having a skeleton composed of bone in addition to cartilage Crossopterygii, subclass Crossopterygiifishes having paired fins resembling limbs and regarded as ancestral to amphibians Dipnoi, subclass Dipnoibony fishes of the southern hemisphere that breathe by a modified air bladder as well as gills; sometimes classified as an order of Crossopterygii Teleostei, subclass Teleosteilarge diverse group of bony fishes; includes most living species Latinaea subfamily of the family Centropomidae breed, stock, straina special variety of domesticated animals within a species form family(biology) an artificial taxonomic category for organisms of which the true relationships are obscure type genus(biology) genus from which the name of a family or subfamily is formed; it is not necessarily the most representative genus but often the largest or best known or earliest described form genus(biology) an artificial taxonomic category for organisms of which the true relationships are obscure endangered speciesa species whose numbers are so small that the species is at risk of extinction fish speciesa species of fish type species(biology) the species that best exemplifies the essential characteristics of the genus to which it belongs division(botany) taxonomic unit of plants corresponding to a phylum Plantae, kingdom Plantae, plant kingdom(botany) the taxonomic kingdom comprising all living or extinct plants plant orderthe order of plants moss familya family of mosses moss genusa genus of mosses Anthoceropsida, class Anthoceropsidahornworts: in some classification systems included in the class Hepaticopsida Bryopsida, Musci, class Bryopsida, class Muscitrue mosses: bryophytes having leafy rather than thalloid gametophytes: comprises orders Andreaeales; Bryales; Dicranales; Eubryales; Sphagnales Hepaticae, Hepaticopsida, class Hepaticae, class Hepaticopsidaliverworts: comprises orders Anthocerotales; Jungermanniales; Marchantiales; Sphaerocarpales gymnosperm genusa genus of gymnosperms liliopsid family, monocot familyfamily of flowering plants having a single cotyledon (embryonic leaf) in the seed liliopsid genus, monocot genusgenus of flowering plants having a single cotyledon (embryonic leaf) in the seed dicot family, magnoliopsid familyfamily of flowering plants having two cotyledons (embryonic leaves) in the seed which usually appear at germination dicot genus, magnoliopsid genusgenus of flowering plants having two cotyledons (embryonic leaves) in the seed which usually appear at germination fungus familyincludes lichen families fungus genusincludes lichen genera fungus orderthe order of fungi Gymnospermae, Gymnospermophyta, class Gymnospermae, division Gymnospermophytaplants having naked seeds not enclosed in an ovary; in some systems considered a class (Gymnospermae) and in others a division (Gymnospermophyta); comprises three subdivisions (or classes): Cycadophytina (class Cycadopsida) and Gnetophytina (class Gnetopsida) and Coniferophytina (class Coniferopsida); in some classifications the Coniferophytina are divided into three groups: Pinophytina (class Pinopsida) and Ginkgophytina (class Ginkgopsida) and Taxophytina (class Taxopsida) Gnetophyta, Gnetophytina, Gnetopsida, class Gnetopsida, subdivision Gnetophytinagymnospermous flowering plants; supposed link between conifers and angiosperms; in some systems classified as a class (Gnetopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Gnetophytina or Gnetophyta) Cycadophyta, Cycadophytina, Cycadopsida, class Cycadopsida, subdivision Cycadophyta, subdivision Cycadophytinapalmlike gymnosperms: includes the surviving order Cycadales and several extinct orders; possibly not a natural group; in some systems considered a class (Cycadopsida) and in others a subdivision (Cycadophytina or Cycadophyta) Pteridospermopsida, class Pteridospermopsidaextinct gymnosperms most of Carboniferous to Jurassic: seed ferns and allies Coniferophyta, Coniferophytina, Coniferopsida, class Coniferopsida, subdivision Coniferophytinacone-bearing gymnosperms dating from the Carboniferous period; most are substantial trees; includes the classes Pinopsida (subdivision Pinophytina) and Ginkgopsida (subdivision Ginkgophytina) and Taxopsida (subdivision Taxophytina) which in turn include the surviving orders Coniferales and Taxales (yews) and sometimes Ginkgoales as well as extinct orders such as Cordaitales (of the Carboniferous and Permian) Pinophytina, Pinopsida, class Pinopsida, subdivision Pinophytinamost conifers: in some systems classified as a class (Pinopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Pinophytina); used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta Taxophytina, Taxopsida, class Taxopsida, subdivision Taxophytinayews: in some systems classified as a class (Taxopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Taxophytina) used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta Ginkgophytina, Ginkgopsida, class Ginkgophytina, class Ginkgopsida, subdivision Ginkgophyta, subdivision Ginkgophytinaginkgos: in some systems classified as a class and in others as a subdivision; used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta Angiospermae, Anthophyta, Magnoliophyta, class Angiospermae, division Anthophyta, division Magnoliophytacomprising flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in an ovary; in some systems considered a class (Angiospermae) and in others a division (Magnoliophyta or Anthophyta) Dicotyledonae, Dicotyledones, Magnoliopsida, class Dicotyledonae, class Dicotyledones, class Magnoliopsidacomprising seed plants that produce an embryo with paired cotyledons and net-veined leaves; divided into six (not always well distinguished) subclasses (or superorders): Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae (considered primitive); Caryophyllidae (an early and distinctive offshoot); and three more or less advanced groups: Dilleniidae; Rosidae; Asteridae Magnoliidae, ranalian complex, subclass Magnoliidaea group of families of trees and shrubs and herbs having well-developed perianths and apocarpous ovaries and generally regarded as the most primitive extant flowering plants; contains 36 families including Magnoliaceae and Ranunculaceae; sometimes classified as a superorder Liliopsida, Monocotyledonae, Monocotyledones, class Liliopsida, class Monocotyledonae, class Monocotyledonescomprising seed plants that produce an embryo with a single cotyledon and parallel-veined leaves: includes grasses and lilies and palms and orchids; divided into four subclasses or superorders: Alismatidae; Arecidae; Commelinidae; and Liliidae Alismatidae, subclass Alismatidaeone of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises about 500 species in 14 families of aquatic and semiaquatic herbs Arecidae, subclass Arecidaeone of four subclasses or superorder of Monocotyledones; comprises about 6400 species in 5 families of trees and shrubs and terrestrial herbs and a few free-floating aquatics including: Palmae; Araceae; Pandanaceae and Lemnaceae Commelinidae, subclass Commelinidaeone of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises about 19,000 species in 25 families of mostly terrestrial herbs especially of moist places including: Cyperaceae; Gramineae; Bromeliaceae; and Zingiberaceae plant familya family of plants plant genusa genus of plants Caryophyllidae, subclass Caryophyllidaea group of families of mostly flowers having basal or central placentation and trinucleate pollen (binucleate pollen is commoner in flowering plants); contains 14 families including: Caryophyllaceae (carnations and pinks); Aizoaceae; Amaranthaceae; Batidaceae; Chenopodiaceae; Cactaceae (order Opuntiales); Nyctaginaceae; Phytolaccaceae; corresponds approximately to order Caryophyllales; sometimes classified as a superorder Asteridae, subclass Asteridaea group of mostly sympetalous herbs and some trees and shrubs mostly with 2 fused carpels; contains 43 families including Campanulales; Solanaceae; Scrophulariaceae; Labiatae; Verbenaceae; Rubiaceae; Compositae; sometimes classified as a superorder Bambuseae, tribe Bambuseaebamboos Rosidae, subclass Rosidaea group of trees and shrubs and herbs mostly with polypetalous flowers; contains 108 families including Rosaceae; Crassulaceae; Myrtaceae; Melastomaceae; Euphorbiaceae; Umbelliferae Hamamelidae, subclass Hamamelidaea group of chiefly woody plants considered among the most primitive of angiosperms; perianth poorly developed or lacking; flowers often unisexual and often in catkins and often wind pollinated; contains 23 families including the Betulaceae and Fagaceae (includes the Amentiferae); sometimes classified as a superorder Dilleniidae, subclass Dilleniidaea group of families of more or less advanced trees and shrubs and herbs having either polypetalous or gamopetalous corollas and often with ovules attached to the walls of the ovary; contains 69 families including Ericaceae and Cruciferae and Malvaceae; sometimes classified as a superorder Liliidae, subclass Liliidaeone of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises 17 families including: Liliaceae; Alliaceae; Amaryllidaceae; Iridaceae; Orchidaceae; Trilliaceae Zygomycetes, class Zygomycetesclass of fungi coextensive with subdivision Zygomycota Myxomycetes, class Myxomycetesthe class of true slime molds; essentially equivalent to the division Myxomycota Acrasiomycetes, class Acrasiomycetescellular slime molds; in some classifications placed in kingdom Protoctista Oomycetes, class Oomycetesnonphotosynthetic fungi that resemble algae and that reproduce by forming oospores; sometimes classified as protoctists Chytridiomycetes, class Chytridiomycetesa class of mostly aquatic fungi; saprophytic or parasitic on algae or fungi or plants Fungi, fungus kingdom, kingdom Fungithe taxonomic kingdom including yeast, molds, smuts, mushrooms, and toadstools; distinct from the green plants Eumycetes, class Eumycetescategory used in some classifications: coextensive with division Eumycota Deuteromycetes, class Deuteromycetesform class; coextensive with subdivision Deuteromycota Basidiomycetes, class Basidiomyceteslarge class of higher fungi coextensive with subdivision Basidiomycota Homobasidiomycetes, subclass Homobasidiomycetescategory used in some classification systems for various basidiomycetous fungi including e.g. mushrooms and puffballs which are usually placed in the classes Gasteromycetes and Hymenomycetes Heterobasidiomycetes, subclass Heterobasidiomycetescategory used in some classification systems for various basidiomycetous fungi including rusts and smuts Hymenomycetes, class Hymenomycetesused in some classifications; usually coextensive with order Agaricales: mushrooms; toadstools; agarics; bracket fungi Ascomycetes, class Ascomyceteslarge class of higher fungi coextensive with division Ascomycota: sac fungi Euascomycetes, subclass Euascomycetescategory not used in many classification systems Hemiascomycetes, class Hemiascomycetesclass of fungi in which no ascocarps are formed: yeasts and some plant parasites Plectomycetes, class Plectomycetesclass of fungi in which the fruiting body is a cleistothecium (it releases spores only on decay or disintegration) Pyrenomycetes, class Pyrenomycetesclass of fungi in which the fruiting body is a perithecium; includes powdery mildews and ergot and Neurospora Discomycetes, subclass Discomycetesa large and taxonomically difficult group of Ascomycetes in which the fleshy fruiting body is disklike or cup-shaped Gasteromycetes, Gastromycetes, class Gasteromycetes, class Gastromycetesfungi in which the hymenium is enclosed until after spores have matured: puffballs; earth stars; stinkhorn fungi Tiliomycetes, class Tiliomycetescategory used in some systems to comprise the two orders Ustilaginales (smuts) and Uredinales (rusts) cultivara variety of a plant developed from a natural species and maintained under cultivation fern familyfamilies of ferns and fern allies fern genusgenera of ferns and fern allies Filicinae, Filicopsida, class Filicinae, class Filicopsidaferns Psilopsida, Psilotatae, class Psilopsida, class Psilotataewhisk ferns; comprising the family Psilotaceae or Psilotatae: vascular plants with no roots, partial if any leaf differentiation, and rudimentary spore sacs Equisetatae, Sphenopsida, class Equisetatae, class Sphenopsidahorsetails and related forms Lycopodiate, Lycopsida, class Lycopodiate, class Lycopsidaclub mosses and related forms: includes Lycopodiales; Isoetales; Selaginellales; and extinct Lepidodendrales; sometimes considered a subdivision of Tracheophyta Lycopodineae, class Lycopodineaealternative designation for the class Lycopsida biological group a group of plants or animals |
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