| 单词 | element |
| 释义 | element (once / 78 pages) 1n 2n 3n 4n An element is something basic and important––in chemistry, an element is one of the essential molecules that everything else is made of. If a book's ending carries and "element of surprise," it means surprise is an important part of the story's end. One of the earliest meanings of this noun was in reference to any of four substances, earth, air, fire, or water, that were formerly regarded as a basic constituent of the universe. When you're "in your element," it means you're enjoying yourself because what you're doing is basic and important to you––stand up comics are in their element when they're performing to a crowd who loves them. WORD FAMILYelement: elemental, elementary, elements+/elemental: elementally/elementary: elementarily USAGE EXAMPLESThere is an element of randomness to this game — and there is still an aura about the Seahawks. Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017) As with all stories, it contained elements of truth, and, as with all stories, it was incomplete. Salon(Jan 02, 2017) Israel’s current government is “driven by its most extreme elements.” Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017) 1 1n any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter Syn|Hypo|Hyper chemical element allotrope a structurally different form of an element transuranic elementany element having an atomic number greater than 92 (which is the atomic number of uranium); all are radioactive argonon, inert gas, noble gasany of the chemically inert gaseous elements of the helium group in the periodic table metal, metallic elementany of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc. nonmetala chemical element lacking typical metallic properties transactinideany of the artificially produced elements with atomic numbers greater than 103 Ac, actinium, atomic number 89a radioactive element of the actinide series; found in uranium ores Ar, argon, atomic number 18a colorless and odorless inert gas; one of the six inert gases; comprises approximately 1% of the earth's atmosphere As, arsenic, atomic number 33a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms; arsenic and arsenic compounds are used as herbicides and insecticides and various alloys; found in arsenopyrite and orpiment and realgar At, astatine, atomic number 85a highly unstable radioactive element (the heaviest of the halogen series); a decay product of uranium and thorium Bh, atomic number 107, bohrium, element 107a transuranic element B, atomic number 5, borona trivalent metalloid element; occurs both in a hard black crystal and in the form of a yellow or brown powder Br, atomic number 35, brominea nonmetallic heavy volatile corrosive dark brown liquid element belonging to the halogens; found in sea water C, atomic number 6, carbonan abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond; occurs in all organic compounds Cl, atomic number 17, chlorinea common nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; best known as a heavy yellow irritating toxic gas; used to purify water and as a bleaching agent and disinfectant; occurs naturally only as a salt (as in sea water) Ds, atomic number 110, darmstadtium, element 110a radioactive transuranic element Db, atomic number 105, dubnium, element 105, hahniuma transuranic element F, atomic number 9, fluorinea nonmetallic univalent element belonging to the halogens; usually a yellow irritating toxic flammable gas; a powerful oxidizing agent; recovered from fluorite or cryolite or fluorapatite Ge, atomic number 32, germaniuma brittle grey crystalline element that is a semiconducting metalloid (resembling silicon) used in transistors; occurs in germanite and argyrodite Hs, atomic number 108, element 108, hassiuma radioactive transuranic element He, atomic number 2, heliuma very light colorless element that is one of the six inert gasses; the most difficult gas to liquefy; occurs in economically extractable amounts in certain natural gases (as those found in Texas and Kansas) H, atomic number 1, hydrogena nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe I, atomic number 53, iodin, iodinea nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; used especially in medicine and photography and in dyes; occurs naturally only in combination in small quantities (as in sea water or rocks) Kr, atomic number 36, kryptona colorless element that is one of the six inert gasses; occurs in trace amounts in air Lr, atomic number 103, lawrenciuma radioactive transuranic element synthesized from californium Mt, atomic number 109, element 109, meitneriuma radioactive transuranic element Md, Mv, atomic number 101, mendeleviuma radioactive transuranic element synthesized by bombarding einsteinium with alpha particles (Md is the current symbol for mendelevium but Mv was formerly the symbol) Ne, atomic number 10, neona colorless odorless gaseous element that give a red glow in a vacuum tube; one of the six inert gasses; occurs in the air in small amounts N, atomic number 7, nitrogena common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues No, atomic number 102, nobeliuma radioactive transuranic element synthesized by bombarding curium with carbon ions; 7 isotopes are known O, atomic number 8, oxygena nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust P, atomic number 15, phosphorusa multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms Pu, atomic number 94, plutoniuma solid silvery grey radioactive transuranic element whose atoms can be split when bombarded with neutrons; found in minute quantities in uranium ores but is usually synthesized in nuclear reactors; 13 isotopes are known with the most important being plutonium 239 Rn, atomic number 86, radona radioactive gaseous element formed by the disintegration of radium; the heaviest of the inert gasses; occurs naturally (especially in areas over granite) and is considered a hazard to health Rg, atomic number 111, element 111, roentgeniuma radioactive transuranic element Rf, Unq, atomic number 104, element 104, rutherfordium, unnilquadiuma radioactive transuranic element which has been synthesized Sg, atomic number 106, element 106, seaborgiuma transuranic element Se, atomic number 34, seleniuma toxic nonmetallic element related to sulfur and tellurium; occurs in several allotropic forms; a stable grey metallike allotrope conducts electricity better in the light than in the dark and is used in photocells; occurs in sulfide ores (as pyrite) Si, atomic number 14, silicona tetravalent nonmetallic element; next to oxygen it is the most abundant element in the earth's crust; occurs in clay and feldspar and granite and quartz and sand; used as a semiconductor in transistors S, atomic number 16, sulfur, sulphuran abundant tasteless odorless multivalent nonmetallic element; best known in yellow crystals; occurs in many sulphide and sulphate minerals and even in native form (especially in volcanic regions) Te, atomic number 52, telluriuma brittle silver-white metalloid element that is related to selenium and sulfur; it is used in alloys and as a semiconductor; occurs mainly as tellurides in ores of copper and nickel and silver and gold Uub, atomic number 112, element 112, ununbiuma radioactive transuranic element Uuh, atomic number 116, element 116, ununhexiuma radioactive transuranic element Uup, atomic number 115, element 115, ununpentiuma radioactive transuranic element Uuq, atomic number 114, element 114, ununquadiuma radioactive transuranic element Uut, atomic number 113, element 113, ununtriuma radioactive transuranic element Xe, atomic number 54, xenona colorless odorless inert gaseous element occurring in the earth's atmosphere in trace amounts trace elementan element that occurs at very small quantities in the body but is nonetheless important for many biological processes tritiuma radioactive isotope of hydrogen; atoms of tritium have three times the mass of ordinary hydrogen atoms heavy metala metal of relatively high density (specific gravity greater than about 5) or of high relative atomic weight (especially one that is poisonous like mercury or lead) base metala metal that is common and not considered precious fullerenea form of carbon having a large molecule consisting of an empty cage of sixty or more carbon atoms noble metalany metal that is resistant to corrosion or oxidation Al, aluminium, aluminum, atomic number 13a silvery ductile metallic element found primarily in bauxite Am, americium, atomic number 95a radioactive transuranic metallic element; discovered by bombarding uranium with helium atoms Sb, antimony, atomic number 51a metallic element having four allotropic forms; used in a wide variety of alloys; found in stibnite Ba, atomic number 56, bariuma soft silvery metallic element of the alkali earth group; found in barite Bk, atomic number 97, berkeliuma radioactive transuranic element; discovered by bombarding americium with helium Be, atomic number 4, beryllium, gluciniuma light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element Bi, atomic number 83, bismutha heavy brittle diamagnetic trivalent metallic element (resembles arsenic and antimony chemically); usually recovered as a by-product from ores of other metals Cd, atomic number 48, cadmiuma soft bluish-white ductile malleable toxic bivalent metallic element; occurs in association with zinc ores Ca, atomic number 20, calciuma white metallic element that burns with a brilliant light; the fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust; an important component of most plants and animals Cf, atomic number 98, californiuma radioactive transuranic element; discovered by bombarding curium with alpha particles carbon 14, radiocarbona radioactive isotope of carbon Ce, atomic number 58, ceriuma ductile grey metallic element of the lanthanide series; used in lighter flints; the most abundant of the rare-earth group Cs, atomic number 55, caesium, cesiuma soft silver-white ductile metallic element (liquid at normal temperatures); the most electropositive and alkaline metal radiochlorinea radioactive isotope of chlorine Cr, atomic number 24, chromiuma hard brittle multivalent metallic element; resistant to corrosion and tarnishing Co, atomic number 27, cobalta hard ferromagnetic silver-white bivalent or trivalent metallic element; a trace element in plant and animal nutrition Cu, atomic number 29, coppera ductile malleable reddish-brown corrosion-resistant diamagnetic metallic element; occurs in various minerals but is the only metal that occurs abundantly in large masses; used as an electrical and thermal conductor Cm, atomic number 96, curiuma radioactive transuranic metallic element; produced by bombarding plutonium with helium nuclei Dy, atomic number 66, dysprosiuma trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; forms compounds that are highly magnetic E, Es, atomic number 99, einsteiniuma radioactive transuranic element produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons Er, atomic number 68, erbiuma trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs with yttrium Eu, atomic number 63, europiuma bivalent and trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group Fm, atomic number 100, fermiuma radioactive transuranic metallic element produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons Fr, atomic number 87, franciuma radioactive element of the alkali-metal group discovered as a disintegration product of actinium Gd, atomic number 64, gadoliniuma ductile silvery-white ductile ferromagnetic trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group Ga, atomic number 31, galliuma rare silvery (usually trivalent) metallic element; brittle at low temperatures but liquid above room temperature; occurs in trace amounts in bauxite and zinc ores Hf, atomic number 72, hafniuma grey tetravalent metallic element that resembles zirconium chemically and is found in zirconium minerals; used in filaments for its ready emission of electrons Ho, atomic number 67, holmiuma trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs together with yttrium; forms highly magnetic compounds In, atomic number 49, indiuma rare soft silvery metallic element; occurs in small quantities in sphalerite iodine-131heavy radioactive isotope of iodine with a half-life of 8 days; used in a sodium salt to diagnose thyroid disease and to treat goiter iodine-125light radioactive isotope of iodine with a half-life of 60 days; used as a tracer in thyroid studies and as a treatment for hyperthyroidism Ir, atomic number 77, iridiuma heavy brittle metallic element of the platinum group; used in alloys; occurs in natural alloys with platinum or osmium Fe, atomic number 26, irona heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood La, atomic number 57, lanthanuma white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth Pb, atomic number 82, leada soft heavy toxic malleable metallic element; bluish white when freshly cut but tarnishes readily to dull grey Li, atomic number 3, lithiuma soft silver-white univalent element of the alkali metal group; the lightest metal known; occurs in several minerals Lu, atomic number 71, lutecium, lutetiuma trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; usually occurs in association with yttrium Mg, atomic number 12, magnesiuma light silver-white ductile bivalent metallic element; in pure form it burns with brilliant white flame; occurs naturally only in combination (as in magnesite and dolomite and carnallite and spinel and olivine) Mn, atomic number 25, manganesea hard brittle grey polyvalent metallic element that resembles iron but is not magnetic; used in making steel; occurs in many minerals Hg, atomic number 80, hydrargyrum, mercury, quicksilvera heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures Mo, atomic number 42, molybdenuma polyvalent metallic element that resembles chromium and tungsten in its properties; used to strengthen and harden steel Nd, atomic number 60, neodymiuma yellow trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs in monazite and bastnasite in association with cerium and lanthanum and praseodymium Np, atomic number 93, neptuniuma radioactive transuranic metallic element; found in trace amounts in uranium ores; a by-product of the production of plutonium Ni, atomic number 28, nickela hard malleable ductile silvery metallic element that is resistant to corrosion; used in alloys; occurs in pentlandite and smaltite and garnierite and millerite Nb, atomic number 41, niobiuma soft grey ductile metallic element used in alloys; occurs in niobite; formerly called columbium azotean obsolete name for nitrogen Os, atomic number 76, osmiuma hard brittle blue-grey or blue-black metallic element that is one of the platinum metals; the heaviest metal known LOX, liquid oxygena bluish translucent magnetic liquid obtained by compressing gaseous oxygen and then cooling it below its boiling point; used as an oxidizer in rocket propellants Pd, atomic number 46, palladiuma silver-white metallic element of the platinum group that resembles platinum; occurs in some copper and nickel ores; does not tarnish at ordinary temperatures and is used (alloyed with gold) in jewelry plutonium 239a highly fissionable isotope of plutonium that is used in atomic weapons and as a reactor fuel; produced by irradiating uranium 238 with slow electrons Po, atomic number 84, poloniuma radioactive metallic element that is similar to tellurium and bismuth; occurs in uranium ores but can be produced by bombarding bismuth with neutrons in a nuclear reactor K, atomic number 19, potassiuma light soft silver-white metallic element of the alkali metal group; oxidizes rapidly in air and reacts violently with water; is abundant in nature in combined forms occurring in sea water and in carnallite and kainite and sylvite Pr, atomic number 59, praseodymiuma soft yellowish-white trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; can be recovered from bastnasite or monazite by an ion-exchange process Pm, atomic number 61, promethiuma soft silvery metallic element of the rare earth group having no stable isotope; was discovered in radioactive form as a fission product of uranium Pa, atomic number 91, protactinium, protoactiniuma short-lived radioactive metallic element formed from uranium and disintegrating into actinium and then into lead Ra, atomic number 88, radiuman intensely radioactive metallic element that occurs in minute amounts in uranium ores Re, atomic number 75, rheniuma rare heavy polyvalent metallic element that resembles manganese chemically and is used in some alloys; is obtained as a by-product in refining molybdenum Rh, atomic number 45, rhodiuma white hard metallic element that is one of the platinum group and is found in platinum ores; used in alloys with platinum Rb, atomic number 37, rubidiuma soft silvery metallic element of the alkali metal group; burns in air and reacts violently in water; occurs in carnallite and lepidolite and pollucite Ru, atomic number 44, rutheniuma rare polyvalent metallic element of the platinum group; it is found associated with platinum Sm, atomic number 62, samariuma grey lustrous metallic element of the rare earth group; is used in special alloys; occurs in monazite and bastnasite Sc, atomic number 21, scandiuma white trivalent metallic element; sometimes classified in the rare earth group; occurs in the Scandinavian mineral thortveitite Na, atomic number 11, sodiuma silvery soft waxy metallic element of the alkali metal group; occurs abundantly in natural compounds (especially in salt water); burns with a yellow flame and reacts violently in water; occurs in sea water and in the mineral halite (rock salt) Sr, atomic number 38, strontiuma soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element of the alkali metal group; turns yellow in air; occurs in celestite and strontianite Ta, atomic number 73, tantaluma hard grey lustrous metallic element that is highly resistant to corrosion; occurs in niobite and fergusonite and tantalite Tc, atomic number 43, technetiuma crystalline metallic element not found in nature; occurs as one of the fission products of uranium Tb, atomic number 65, terbiuma metallic element of the rare earth group; used in lasers; occurs in apatite and monazite and xenotime and ytterbite Tl, atomic number 81, thalliuma soft grey malleable metallic element that resembles tin but discolors on exposure to air; it is highly toxic and is used in rodent and insect poisons; occurs in zinc blende and some iron ores Th, atomic number 90, thoriuma soft silvery-white tetravalent radioactive metallic element; isotope 232 is used as a power source in nuclear reactors; occurs in thorite and in monazite sands Tm, atomic number 69, thuliuma soft silvery metallic element of the rare earth group; isotope 170 emits X-rays and is used in small portable X-ray machines; it occurs in monazite and apatite and xenotime Sn, atomic number 50, tina silvery malleable metallic element that resists corrosion; used in many alloys and to coat other metals to prevent corrosion; obtained chiefly from cassiterite where it occurs as tin oxide Ti, atomic number 22, titaniuma light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite W, atomic number 74, tungsten, wolframa heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite U, atomic number 92, uraniuma heavy toxic silvery-white radioactive metallic element; occurs in many isotopes; used for nuclear fuels and nuclear weapons V, atomic number 23, vanadiuma soft silvery white toxic metallic element used in steel alloys; it occurs in several complex minerals including carnotite and vanadinite Yb, atomic number 70, ytterbiuma soft silvery metallic element; a rare earth of the lanthanide series; it occurs in gadolinite and monazite and xenotime Y, atomic number 39, yttriuma silvery metallic element that is common in rare-earth minerals; used in magnesium and aluminum alloys Zn, atomic number 30, zinca bluish-white lustrous metallic element; brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable when heated; used in a wide variety of alloys and in galvanizing iron; it occurs naturally as zinc sulphide in zinc blende Zr, atomic number 40, zirconiuma lustrous grey strong metallic element resembling titanium; it is used in nuclear reactors as a neutron absorber; it occurs in baddeleyite but is obtained chiefly from zircon chara charred substance charcoal, wood coala carbonaceous material obtained by heating wood or other organic matter in the absence of air alkali metal, alkaline metalany of the monovalent metals of group I of the periodic table (lithium or sodium or potassium or rubidium or cesium or francium) alkaline earth, alkaline-earth metalany of the bivalent metals of group II of the periodic table (calcium or strontium or barium or magnesium or beryllium) brimstone, native sulfur, native sulphuran old name for sulfur carbon black, crock, lampblack, smut, soota black colloidal substance consisting wholly or principally of amorphous carbon and used to make pigments and ink activated carbon, activated charcoalpowdered or granular carbon used for purifying by adsorption; given orally (as a slurry) it is an antidote for some kinds of poisons black lead, graphite, plumbagoused as a lubricant and as a moderator in nuclear reactors adamant, diamondvery hard native crystalline carbon valued as a gem liquid nitrogennitrogen in a liquid state substance the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists 2n one of four substances thought in ancient and medieval cosmology to constitute the physical universe 2the alchemists believed that there were four elements Hypo|Hyper air once thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles) fireonce thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles) earthonce thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles) ether, quintessencethe fifth and highest element after air and earth and fire and water; was believed to be the substance composing all heavenly bodies wateronce thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles) substance the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists 1n an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up; especially a part that can be separated from or attached to a system Syn|Hypo|Hyper component, constituent accessory, add-on, appurtenance, supplement a supplementary component that improves capability add-on, addition, improvera component that is added to something to improve it audiothe sound elements of television auto part, car parta component of an automobile crystala crystalline element used as a component in various electronic devices computer hardware, hardware(computer science) the mechanical, magnetic, electronic, and electrical components making up a computer system heating elementthe component of a heater or range that transforms fuel or electricity into heat ingredienta component of a mixture or compound inputa component of production; something that goes into the production of output landsidecomponent consisting of a side piece opposite the moldboard making(usually plural) the components needed for making or doing something modulea self-contained component (unit or item) that is used in combination with other components pel, picture element, pixel(computer science) the smallest discrete component of an image or picture on a CRT screen (usually a colored dot) retrofita component or accessory added to something after it has been manufactured spare, spare partan extra component of a machine or other apparatus spark gapa component of an ignition system; consists of two shaped electrodes and the space between them additivesomething added to enhance food or gasoline or paint or medicine admixture, intermixturean additional ingredient that is added by mixing with the base afterthoughtan addition that was not included in the original plan annex, annexe, extension, wingan addition that extends a main building attachmenta supplementary part or accessory auto accessoryan accessory for an automobile bara heating element in an electric fire basethe principal ingredient of a mixture burnerthe heating elements of a stove or range on which pots and pans are placed for cooking cartridgea module designed to be inserted into a larger piece of equipment C.P.U., CPU, central processing unit, central processor, mainframe, processor(computer science) the part of a computer (a microprocessor chip) that does most of the data processing computer accessoryan accessory for a computer elongation, extensionan addition to the length of something fittinga small and often standardized accessory to a larger system fixings, trimmingsthe accessories that normally accompany (something or some activity) immersion heatera heating element that is immersed in the liquid that is to be heated (as in a hot-water tank) computer memory, computer storage, memory, memory board, storage, storean electronic memory device piezoelectric crystala crystal that can be used as a transducer power modulemodule that provides power to operate other modules schedulercomputer hardware that arranges jobs to be done by the computer in an appropriate order sequencercomputer hardware that sorts data or programs into a predetermined sequence upgradehardware that provides better performance than an earlier version did part, portion something less than the whole of a human artifact 2n an abstract part of something 3the grammatical elements of a sentence Syn|Hypo|Hyper component, constituent, factor, ingredient be all and end all, be-all and end-all the essential factor; the all-important element; the supreme aim plot elementa component or element of the plot of a story pointa geometric element that has position but no extension MacGuffin, McGuffin(film) a plot element that catches the viewers' attention or drives the plot attracter, attractor(physics) a point in the ideal multidimensional phase space that is used to describe a system toward which the system tends to evolve regardless of the starting conditions of the system intersection, intersection point, point of intersectiona point where lines intersect interceptthe point at which a line intersects a coordinate axis division, part, section one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole 1n the most favorable environment for a plant or animal water is the element of fishes Hyper environment, environs, surround, surroundings the area in which something exists or lives 2n the situation in which you are happiest and most effective 4in your element Hyper situation, state of affairs the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time n a straight line that generates a cylinder or cone Hypo|Hyper element of a cone a straight line joining the apex and a point on the base element of a cylindera straight line running the length of the cylinder straight line a line traced by a point traveling in a constant direction; a line of zero curvature |
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