| 单词 | philosophical system |
| 释义 | philosophical system (once / 29697 pages) n WORD FAMILY philosophical system: philosophical systems USAGE EXAMPLES“Art is my craft, but a footnote to this great philosophical system,” said the artist, who meditates daily. New York Times(Jan 12, 2015) Feng shui, the ancient Chinese philosophical system that deals with harmonising people with their surroundings, is experiencing something of a resurgence. The Guardian(May 27, 2014) Am I trying to impose my own peculiarities as a philosophical system? Scientific American(Oct 05, 2012) n a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school Syn|Exp|Hypo|Hyper doctrine, ism, philosophy, school of thought Augsburg Confession the document drawn up in 1555 to defend the catholicity of Lutheran doctrine and to justify innovations in Lutheran practice; is still in effect today nuclear deterrence the military doctrine that an enemy will be deterred from using nuclear weapons as long as he can be destroyed as a consequence Cabalism, Kabbalismthe doctrines of the Kabbalah abolitionismthe doctrine that calls for the abolition of slavery absolutismthe doctrine of an absolute being amoralismthe doctrine that moral distinctions are invalid animalismthe doctrine that human beings are purely animal in nature and lacking a spiritual nature animismthe doctrine that all natural objects and the universe itself have souls antiestablishmentarianism, antiestablishmentismthe doctrine of opposition to the social and political establishment asceticismthe doctrine that through renunciation of worldly pleasures it is possible to achieve a high spiritual or intellectual state contextualismany doctrine emphasizing the importance of the context in solving problems or establishing the meaning of terms creationismthe literal belief in the account of Creation given in the Book of Genesis credo, creedany system of principles or beliefs divine right, divine right of kingsthe doctrine that kings derive their right to rule directly from God and are not accountable to their subjects; rebellion is the worst of political crimes dogmaa doctrine or code of beliefs accepted as authoritative dualismthe doctrine that reality consists of two basic opposing elements, often taken to be mind and matter (or mind and body), or good and evil dynamismany of the various theories or doctrines or philosophical systems that attempt to explain the phenomena of the universe in terms of some immanent force or energy epicureanisma doctrine of hedonism that was defended by several ancient Greek philosophers establishmentarianism, establishmentismthe doctrine of supporting the social or political establishment ethicisma doctrine that ethics and ethical ideas are valid and important expansionismthe doctrine of expanding the territory or the economic influence of a country formalismthe doctrine that formal structure rather than content is what should be represented functionalismany doctrine that stresses utility or purpose Girondismthe doctrine of the Girondists gospela doctrine that is believed to be of great importance gymnosophythe doctrine of a sect of Hindu philosophers who practiced nudity and asceticism and meditation imitationthe doctrine that representations of nature or human behavior should be accurate imitations individualism, laissez fairethe doctrine that government should not interfere in commercial affairs internationalismthe doctrine that nations should cooperate because their common interests are more important than their differences unilateralismthe doctrine that nations should conduct their foreign affairs individualistically without the advice or involvement of other nations irredentism, irridentismthe doctrine that irredenta should be controlled by the country to which they are ethnically or historically related literalismthe doctrine of realistic (literal) portrayal in art or literature democracy, majority rulethe doctrine that the numerical majority of an organized group can make decisions binding on the whole group monismthe doctrine that reality consists of a single basic substance or element multiculturalismthe doctrine that several different cultures (rather than one national culture) can coexist peacefully and equitably in a single country nationalismthe doctrine that your national culture and interests are superior to any other nationalismthe doctrine that nations should act independently (rather than collectively) to attain their goals nihilisma revolutionary doctrine that advocates destruction of the social system for its own sake pacificism, pacifism, passivismthe doctrine that all violence is unjustifiable pluralismthe doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements populismthe political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite presentismthe doctrine that the Scripture prophecies of the Apocalypse (as in the Book of Revelations) are presently in the course of being fulfilled freethinking, rationalismthe doctrine that reason is the right basis for regulating conduct reformisma doctrine of reform humanism, secular humanismthe doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason; rejects religion and the supernatural humanism, humanitarianismthe doctrine that people's duty is to promote human welfare egalitarianism, equalitarianismthe doctrine of the equality of mankind and the desirability of political and economic and social equality feminisma doctrine that advocates equal rights for women reincarnationisma doctrine that on the death of the body the soul migrates to or is born again in another body secessionisma doctrine that maintains the right of secession secularisma doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations phenomenologya philosophical doctrine proposed by Edmund Husserl based on the study of human experience in which considerations of objective reality are not taken into account philosophical doctrine, philosophical theorya doctrine accepted by adherents to a philosophy states' rightsa doctrine that federal powers should be curtailed and returned to the individual states commandment, precept, teachinga doctrine that is taught theological doctrinethe doctrine of a religious group utilitarianismdoctrine that the useful is the good; especially as elaborated by Jeremy Bentham and James Mill; the aim was said to be the greatest happiness for the greatest number descriptivism(linguistics) a doctrine supporting or promoting descriptive linguistics descriptivism(ethics) a doctrine holding that moral statements have a truth value prescriptivism(linguistics) a doctrine supporting or promoting prescriptive linguistics prescriptivism(ethics) a doctrine holding that moral statements prescribe appropriate attitudes and behavior church doctrine, creed, gospel, religious doctrinethe written body of teachings of a religious group that are generally accepted by that group millennium(New Testament) in Revelations it is foretold that those faithful to Jesus will reign with Jesus over the earth for a thousand years; the meaning of these words have been much debated; some denominations (e.g. Jehovah's Witnesses) expect it to be a thousand years of justice and peace and happiness original sina sin said to be inherited by all descendants of Adam theanthropism(theology) the doctrine that Jesus was a union of the human and the divine testamenta profession of belief Golden Rulea command based on Jesus' words in the Sermon on the Mount Athanasian Creeda Christian profession of faith creation sciencean effort to give scientific support for the truth of the account of Creation given in the Book of Genesis mimesisthe imitative representation of nature and human behavior in art and literature one-way streetunilateral interaction foreordination, predestination, predetermination, preordination(theology) being determined in advance; especially the doctrine (usually associated with Calvin) that God has foreordained every event throughout eternity (including the final salvation of mankind) aesthetic, esthetic(philosophy) a philosophical theory as to what is beautiful Aristotelianism, peripateticism(philosophy) the philosophy of Aristotle that deals with logic and metaphysics and ethics and poetics and politics and natural science conceptualismthe doctrine that the application of a general term to various objects indicates the existence of a mental entity that mediates the application Confucianismthe teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for humanity; high value given to learning and to devotion to family (including ancestors); peace; justice; influenced the traditional culture of China deconstruction, deconstructionisma philosophical theory of criticism (usually of literature or film) that seeks to expose deep-seated contradictions in a work by delving below its surface meaning empiricism, empiricist philosophy, sensationalism(philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge derives from experience environmentalismthe philosophical doctrine that environment is more important than heredity in determining intellectual growth existential philosophy, existentialism, existentialist philosophy(philosophy) a 20th-century philosophical movement chiefly in Europe; assumes that people are entirely free and thus responsible for what they make of themselves determinism(philosophy) a philosophical theory holding that all events are inevitable consequences of antecedent sufficient causes; often understood as denying the possibility of free will formalism(philosophy) the philosophical theory that formal (logical or mathematical) statements have no meaning but that its symbols (regarded as physical entities) exhibit a form that has useful applications hereditarianismthe philosophical doctrine that heredity is more important than environment in determining intellectual growth idealism(philosophy) the philosophical theory that ideas are the only reality intuitionism(philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is acquired primarily by intuition logicism(philosophy) the philosophical theory that all of mathematics can be derived from formal logic materialism, physicalism(philosophy) the philosophical theory that matter is the only reality mechanism(philosophy) the philosophical theory that all phenomena can be explained in terms of physical or biological causes mentalism(philosophy) a doctrine that mind is the true reality and that objects exist only as aspects of the mind's awareness nativism(philosophy) the philosophical theory that some ideas are innate naturalism(philosophy) the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms without recourse to spiritual or supernatural explanations Neoplatonisma system of philosophical and theological doctrines composed of elements of Platonism and Aristotelianism and oriental mysticism; its most distinctive doctrine holds that the first principle and source of reality transcends being and thought and is naturally unknowable nominalism(philosophy) the doctrine that the various objects labeled by the same term have nothing in common but their name operationalism(philosophy) the doctrine that the meaning of a proposition consists of the operations involved in proving or applying it Platonism, realism(philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that abstract concepts exist independent of their names pragmatism(philosophy) the doctrine that practical consequences are the criteria of knowledge and meaning and value probabilism(philosophy) the doctrine that (since certainty is unattainable) probability is a sufficient basis for belief and action rationalism(philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is acquired by reason without resort to experience naive realism, realism(philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that physical objects continue to exist when not perceived relativism(philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that all criteria of judgment are relative to the individuals and situations involved Scholasticismthe system of philosophy dominant in medieval Europe; based on Aristotle and the Church Fathers semiology, semiotics(philosophy) a philosophical theory of the functions of signs and symbols sensationalism, sensualism(philosophy) the ethical doctrine that feeling is the only criterion for what is good solipsism(philosophy) the philosophical theory that the self is all that you know to exist spiritualism(theology) any doctrine that asserts the separate existence of God Stoicism(philosophy) the philosophical system of the Stoics following the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno subjectivism(philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge and value are dependent on and limited by your subjective experience Daoism, Taoismphilosophical system developed by Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events teleology(philosophy) a doctrine explaining phenomena by their ends or purposes traditionalismthe doctrine that all knowledge was originally derived by divine revelation and that it is transmitted by traditions vitalism(philosophy) a doctrine that life is a vital principle distinct from physics and chemistry nullificationthe states'-rights doctrine that a state can refuse to recognize or to enforce a federal law passed by the United States Congress mitsvah, mitzvah(Judaism) a precept or commandment of the Jewish law Christologya religious doctrine or theory based on Jesus or Jesus' teachings antinomianismthe theological doctrine that by faith and God's grace a Christian is freed from all laws (including the moral standards of the culture) Thomismthe comprehensive theological doctrine created by Saint Thomas Aquinas in the 13th century and still taught by the Dominicans Arianismheretical doctrine taught by Arius that asserted the radical primacy of the Father over the Son Athanasianismthe theological doctrine taught by Athanasius that Christ the Son is of the same substance as God the Father Behmenism, Boehmenismthe mystical theological doctrine of Jakob Boehme that influenced the Quakers consubstantiationthe doctrine of the High Anglican Church that after the consecration of the Eucharist the substance of the body and blood of Christ coexists with the substance of the consecrated bread and wine Episcopalianismthe theological doctrine of church government by bishops Byzantinism, Caesaropapism, Erastianismthe doctrine that the state is supreme over the church in ecclesiastical matters Hinayanismthe religious doctrine of Hinayana Buddhism Jansenismthe Roman Catholic doctrine of Cornelis Jansen and his disciples; salvation is limited to those who are subject to supernatural determinism and the rest are assigned to perdition Mahayanismthe religious doctrine of Mahayana Buddhism Marcionismthe Christian heresy of the 2nd and 3rd centuries that rejected the Old Testament and denied the incarnation of God in Jesus as a human chiliasm, millenarianism, millenarism, millenniumismbelief in the Christian doctrine of the millennium mentioned in the Book of Revelations Monophysitisma Christian heresy of the 5th and 6th centuries that challenged the orthodox definition of the two natures (human and divine) in Jesus and instead believed there was a single divine nature Monothelitismthe theological doctrine that Christ had only one will even though he had two natures (human and divine); condemned as heretical in the Third Council of Constantinople Nestorianismthe theological doctrine (named after Nestorius) that Christ is both the son of God and the man Jesus (which is opposed to Roman Catholic doctrine that Christ is fully God) Pelagianismthe theological doctrine put forward by Pelagius which denied original sin and affirmed the ability of humans to be righteous; condemned as heresy by the Council of Ephesus in 431 Quakerismthe theological doctrine of the Society of Friends characterized by opposition to war and rejection of ritual and a formal creed and an ordained ministry rationalismthe theological doctrine that human reason rather than divine revelation establishes religious truth reincarnationthe Hindu or Buddhist doctrine that a person may be reborn successively into one of five classes of living beings (god or human or animal or hungry ghost or denizen of Hell) depending on the person's own actions Rosicrucianismthe theological doctrine that venerates the rose and the cross as symbols of Christ's Resurrection and redemption; claims various occult powers synergismthe theological doctrine that salvation results from the interaction of human will and divine grace total depravitythe Calvinist doctrine that everyone is born in a state of corruption as a result of original sin transubstantiationthe Roman Catholic doctrine that the whole substance of the bread and the wine changes into the substance of the body and blood of Christ when consecrated in the Eucharist universalismthe theological doctrine that all people will eventually be saved Nativity, Virgin Birththe theological doctrine that Jesus Christ had no human father; Christians believe that Jesus's birth fulfilled Old Testament prophecies and was attended by miracles; the Nativity is celebrated at Christmas Docetismthe heretical doctrine (associated with the Gnostics) that Jesus had no human body and his sufferings and death on the cross were apparent rather than real Gnosticisma religious orientation advocating gnosis as the way to release a person's spiritual element; considered heresy by Christian churches Zurvanisma heretical Zoroastrian doctrine holding that Zurvan was the ultimate source of the universe and that both Ahura Mazda and Ahriman were Zurvan's offspring confessionthe document that spells out the belief system of a given church (especially the Reformation churches of the 16th century) ahimsaa Buddhist and Hindu and especially Jainist doctrine holding that all forms of life are sacred and urging the avoidance of violence dogma, teneta religious doctrine that is proclaimed as true without proof ecumenicalism, ecumenicism, ecumenism(Christianity) the doctrine of the ecumenical movement that promotes cooperation and better understanding among different religious denominations: aimed at universal Christian unity Immaculate Conception, Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary(Christianity) the Roman Catholic dogma that God preserved the Virgin Mary from any stain of original sin from the moment she was conceived Incarnation(Christianity) the Christian doctrine of the union of God and man in the person of Jesus Christ Nicene Creed(Christianity) a formal creed summarizing Christian beliefs; first adopted in 325 and later expanded real presence(Christianity) the Christian doctrine that the body of Christ is actually present in the Eucharist belief any cognitive content held as true |
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英语词典包含147318条英英释义在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。