英语词汇“politician”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

A politician is a person who campaigns for or holds a position in government. A politician may start a career by running for a local office, like mayor, but could eventually serve nationally — in Congress or even as President.

Politician can mean someone who identifies with a major political party. Sometimes voters prefer to elect candidates who aren't career politicians, with more allegiance to the party they represent than the people they serve. A general frustration with politicians has resulted in the use of politician to refer to people who act to gain an advantage for themselves. The office politician may lobby the boss to get preferential treatment, for example.

WORD FAMILY

politician: politicians+/apolitical: apolitically/nonpolitical: nonpolitically/political: apolitical, nonpolitical, politically, semipolitical, unpolitical/politicise: politicised, politicising/politicize: politicized, politicizes, politicizing/politics: political, politician, politicise, politicize

USAGE EXAMPLES

“This proves that politicians didn’t do a good job the first time and we need a better process.”

Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)

He was the ‘most popular politician on Earth.’

Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)

“They’ve been real estate developers and politicians. In my time, there’s never been an operating boss in charge of the M.T.A.”

New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)

1n a leader engaged in civil administration

Exp|Hypo|Hyper

Thomas Hart Benton

United States legislator who opposed the use of paper currency (1782-1858)

Hilary Rodham Clinton

wife of President Clinton and later a woman member of the United States Senate (1947-)

James William Fulbright

United States senator who is remembered for his creation of grants that fund exchange programs of teachers and students between the United States and other countries (1905-1995)

John Herschel Glenn Jr.

made the first orbital rocket-powered flight by a United States astronaut in 1962; later in United States Senate (1921-)

governor

the head of a state government

legislator

someone who makes or enacts laws

city manager, mayor

the head of a city government

ex-mayor

a former mayor

alcalde

a mayor or chief magistrate of a Spanish town

backbencher

a member of the House of Commons who is not a party leader

bey

the governor of a district or province in the Ottoman Empire

burgomaster

a mayor of a municipality in Germany or Holland or Flanders or Austria

congressman, congresswoman, representative

a member of the United States House of Representatives

crossbencher

a member of the House of Commons who does not vote regularly with either the government or the Opposition

deputy

a member of the lower chamber of a legislative assembly (such as in France)

eparch

the governor or prefect of an eparchy in ancient Greece

filibuster, filibusterer

a legislator who gives long speeches in an effort to delay or obstruct legislation that he (or she) opposes

floor leader

the legislator who organizes his party's strategy

frontbencher

a member of the House of Commons who is a minister in the government or who holds an official position in an opposition party

governor general

a governor of high rank

majority leader

leader of the majority party in a legislature

mayoress

a woman mayor

military governor

the head of a government established by the military (as in a defeated country)

minority leader

leader of the minority party in a legislature

nabob, nawab

a governor in India during the Mogul empire

Member of Parliament, Parliamentarian

an elected member of the British Parliament: a member of the House of Commons

proconsul

a provincial governor of consular rank in the Roman Republic and Roman Empire

satrap

a governor of a province in ancient Persia

senator

a member of a senate

vicereine, viceroy

governor of a country or province who rules as the representative of his or her king or sovereign

party whip, whip

a legislator appointed by the party to enforce discipline

leader

a person who rules or guides or inspires others

2n a person active in party politics

Syn|Exp|Hypo|Hyper

pol, political leader, politico

Nancy Witcher Astor

British politician (born in the United States) who was the first woman to sit in the British House of Commons (1879-1964)

Alben William Barkley

United States politician and lawyer; vice president of the United States (1877-1956)

William Maxwell Aitken

British newspaper publisher and politician (born in Canada); confidant of Winston Churchill (1879-1964)

Thomas Bradley

United States politician who was elected the first black mayor of Los Angeles (1917-1998)

Boy Orator of the Platte

United States lawyer and politician who advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school (1860-1925)

Aaron Burr

United States politician who served as vice president under Jefferson; he mortally wounded his political rival Alexander Hamilton in a duel and fled south (1756-1836)

Salmon Portland Chase

United States politician and jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1808-1873)

Charles Joseph Clark

Canadian politician who served as prime minister (1939-)

the Great Compromiser

United States politician responsible for the Missouri Compromise between free and slave states (1777-1852)

DeWitt Clinton

United States politician who as governor of New York supported the project to build the Erie Canal (1769-1828)

David Crockett

United States frontiersman and Tennessee politician who died at the siege of the Alamo (1786-1836)

Stephen Arnold Douglas

United States politician who proposed that individual territories be allowed to decide whether they would have slavery; he engaged in a famous series of debates with Abraham Lincoln (1813-1861)

Samuel Houston

United States politician and military leader who fought to gain independence for Texas from Mexico and to make it a part of the United States (1793-1863)

Jesse Louis Jackson

United States civil rights leader who led a national campaign against racial discrimination and ran for presidential nomination (born in 1941)

Glenda Jackson

English film actress who later became a member of British Parliament (born in 1936)

Andre Maginot

French politician who proposed the Maginot Line (1877-1932)

Joseph Raymond McCarthy

United States politician who unscrupulously accused many citizens of being Communists (1908-1957)

Daniel Patrick Moynihan

United States politician and educator (1927-2003)

Mullah Mohammed Omar

reclusive Afghanistani politician and leader of the Taliban who imposed a strict interpretation of shariah law on Afghanistan (born in 1960)

Sir Robert Peel

British politician (1788-1850)

Jeannette Rankin

leader in the women's suffrage movement in Montana; the first woman to serve in the United States House of Representatives (1880-1973)

Nellie Tayloe Ross

a politician in Wyoming who was the first woman governor in the United States (1876-1977)

William Henry Seward

United States politician who as Secretary of State in 1867 arranged for the purchase of Alaska from Russia (known at the time as Seward's Folly) (1801-1872)

Daniel Webster

United States politician and orator (1782-1817)

Dean Gooderham Acheson

United States statesman who promoted the Marshall Plan and helped establish NATO (1893-1971)

Konrad Adenauer

German statesman; chancellor of West Germany (1876-1967)

Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa

Roman general who commanded the fleet that defeated the forces of Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (63-12 BC)

Alcibiades

ancient Athenian statesman and general in the Peloponnesian War (circa 450-404 BC)

Yasser Arafat

Palestinian statesman who was chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (1929-2004)

Kemal Ataturk

Turkish statesman who abolished the caliphate and founded Turkey as a modern secular state (1881-1938)

Clement Richard Attlee

British statesman and leader of the Labour Party who instituted the welfare state in Britain (1883-1967)

Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus

Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC; defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC at Actium (63 BC - AD 14)

Viscount St. Albans

English statesman and philosopher; precursor of British empiricism; advocated inductive reasoning (1561-1626)

1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley

English statesman; member of the Conservative Party (1867-1947)

Arthur James Balfour

English statesman; member of the Conservative Party (1848-1930)

Bernard Mannes Baruch

economic advisor to United States Presidents (1870-1965)

Menachem Begin

Israeli statesman (born in Russia) who (as prime minister of Israel) negotiated a peace treaty with Anwar Sadat (then the president of Egypt) (1913-1992)

David Ben Gurion

Israeli statesman (born in Poland) and active Zionist who organized resistance against the British after World War II; prime minister of Israel (1886-1973)

Ernest Bevin

British labor leader and statesman who played an important role in diplomacy after World War II (1884-1951)

Prince Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck

German statesman under whose leadership Germany was united (1815-1898)

Anthony Charles Lynton Blair

British statesman who became prime minister in 1997 (born in 1953)

Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius

a Roman who was an early Christian philosopher and statesman who was executed for treason; Boethius had a decisive influence on medieval logic (circa 480-524)

El Libertador

Venezuelan statesman who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule; founded Bolivia in 1825 (1783-1830)

Willy Brandt

German statesman who as chancellor of West Germany worked to reduce tensions with eastern Europe (1913-1992)

Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev

Soviet statesman who became president of the Soviet Union (1906-1982)

Marcus Junius Brutus

statesman of ancient Rome who (with Cassius) led a conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar (85-42 BC)

Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin

Bolshevik leader in Russia who advocated gradual collectivism of the farms; was executed in a purge by Stalin (1888-1938)

Edmund Burke

British statesman famous for his oratory; pleaded the cause of the American colonists in British Parliament and defended the parliamentary system (1729-1797)

Gaius Julius Caesar

conqueror of Gaul and master of Italy (100-44 BC)

Gaius Cassius Longinus

prime mover in the conspiracy against Julius Caesar (died in 42 BC)

Fidel Castro Ruz

Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927)

Arthur Neville Chamberlain

British statesman who as Prime Minister pursued a policy of appeasement toward fascist Germany (1869-1940)

Francois Rene Chateaubriand

French statesman and writer; considered a precursor of the romantic movement in France (1768-1848)

Fourth Earl of Chesterfield

suave and witty English statesman remembered mostly for letters to his son (1694-1773)

Chiang Chung-cheng

Chinese military and political figure; in the Chinese civil war that followed World War II he was defeated by the Chinese communists and in 1949 was forced to withdraw to Taiwan where he served as president of Nationalist China until his death (1897-1975)

Sir Winston Leonard Spenser Churchill

British statesman and leader during World War II; received Nobel prize for literature in 1953 (1874-1965)

Marcus Tullius Cicero

a Roman statesman and orator remembered for his mastery of Latin prose (106-43 BC)

Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus

Roman statesman regarded as a model of simple virtue; he twice was called to assume dictatorship of Rome and each time retired to his farm (519-438 BC)

Georges Eugene Benjamin Clemenceau

French statesman who played a key role in negotiating the Treaty of Versailles (1841-1929)

Baron Clive of Plassey

British general and statesman whose victory at Plassey in 1757 strengthened British control of India (1725-1774)

Cosimo de Medici

Italian financier and statesman and friend of the papal court (1389-1464)

Oliver Cromwell

English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War (1599-1658)

Jefferson Davis

American statesman; president of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War (1808-1889)

Moshe Dayan

Israeli general and statesman (1915-1981)

Charles Andre Joseph Marie de Gaulle

French general and statesman who became very popular during World War II as the leader of the Free French forces in exile (1890-1970)

Demosthenes

Athenian statesman and orator (circa 385-322 BC)

Teng Hsiao-ping

Chinese communist statesman (1904-1997)

Eamon de Valera

Irish statesman (born in the United States); as president of the Irish Free State he was responsible for the new constitution of 1937 that created the state of Eire (1882-1975)

First Earl of Beaconsfield

British statesman who as Prime Minister bought controlling interest in the Suez Canal and made Queen Victoria the empress of India (1804-1881)

Friedrich Engels

socialist who wrote the Communist Manifesto with Karl Marx in 1848 (1820-1895)

Gaius Flaminius

Roman statesman and general who built the Flaminian Way; died when he was defeated by Hannibal (died 217 BC)

Charles James Fox

English statesman who supported American independence and the French Revolution (1749-1806)

Indira Nehru Gandhi

daughter of Nehru who served as prime minister of India from 1966 to 1977 (1917-1984)

William Ewart Gladstone

liberal British statesman who served as prime minister four times (1809-1898)

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev

Soviet statesman whose foreign policy brought an end to the Cold War and whose domestic policy introduced major reforms (born in 1931)

Second Earl Grey

Englishman who as Prime Minister implemented social reforms including the abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire (1764-1845)

First Viscount Haldane of Cloan

Scottish statesman and brother of Elizabeth and John Haldane (1856-1928)

Alexander Hamilton

United States statesman and leader of the Federalists; as the first Secretary of the Treasury he establish a federal bank; was mortally wounded in a duel with Aaron Burr (1755-1804)

Vaclav Havel

Czech dramatist and statesman whose plays opposed totalitarianism and who served as president of Czechoslovakia from 1989 to 1992 and president of the Czech Republic since 1993 (born in 1936)

William Dudley Haywood

United States labor leader and militant socialist who was one of the founders of the Industrial Workers of the World (1869-1928)

Paul Ludwig von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg

German field marshal and statesman; as president of the Weimar Republic he reluctantly appointed Hitler as chancellor in 1933 (1847-1934)

Nguyen Tat Thanh

Vietnamese communist statesman who fought the Japanese in World War II and the French until 1954 and South Vietnam until 1975 (1890-1969)

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Indian statesman who was the founder of Pakistan as a Muslim state (1876-1948)

Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin

soviet statesman and head of state of the USSR (1875-1946)

Kenneth David Kaunda

statesman who led Northern Rhodesia to full independence as Zambia in 1964 and served as Zambia's first president (1924-1999)

Jomo Kenyata

Kenyan statesman and the first president of independent Kenya (1893-1978)

Aleksandr Feodorovich Kerensky

Russian revolutionary who was head of state after Nicholas II abdicated but was overthrown by the Bolsheviks (1881-1970)

Sir Seretse Khama

Botswanan statesman who was the first president of Botswana (1921-1980)

Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev

Soviet statesman and premier who denounced Stalin (1894-1971)

Prince Fumimaro Konoye

Japanese statesman who set Japan's expansionist policies and formed an alliance with Germany and Italy (1891-1945)

Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger

Boer statesman (1825-1904)

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov

Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924)

Lorenzo the Magnificent

Italian statesman and scholar who supported many artists and humanists including Michelangelo and Leonardo and Botticelli (1449-1492)

Niccolo Machiavelli

a statesman of Florence who advocated a strong central government (1469-1527)

John Roy Major

British statesman who was prime minister from 1990 until 1997 (born in 1943)

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela

South African statesman who was released from prison to become the nation's first democratically elected president in 1994 (born in 1918)

Mao Tsetung

Chinese communist leader (1893-1976)

George Catlett Marshall

United States general and statesman who as Secretary of State organized the European Recovery Program (1880-1959)

Golda Meir

Israeli statesman (born in Russia) (1898-1978)

Prince Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar von Metternich

Austrian statesman (1773-1859)

Francois Maurice Marie Mitterrand

French statesman and president of France from 1981 to 1985 (1916-1996)

Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov

Soviet statesman (1890-1986)

Sir Thomas More

English statesman who opposed Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon and was imprisoned and beheaded; recalled for his concept of Utopia, the ideal state

Gouverneur Morris

United States statesman who led the committee that produced the final draft of the United States Constitution (1752-1816)

Hosni Mubarak

Egyptian statesman who became president in 1981 after Sadat was assassinated (born in 1929)

Fridtjof Nansen

Norwegian explorer of the Arctic and director of the League of Nations relief program for refugees of World War I (1861-1930)

Gamal Abdel Nasser

Egyptian statesman who nationalized the Suez Canal (1918-1970)

Jawaharlal Nehru

Indian statesman and leader with Gandhi in the struggle for home rule; was the first prime minister of the Republic of India from 1947 to 1964 (1889-1964)

Second Earl of Guilford

British statesman under George III whose policies led to rebellion in the American colonies (1732-1792)

Daniel Ortega Saavedra

Nicaraguan statesman (born in 1945)

Ignace Jan Paderewski

Polish pianist who in 1919 served as the first Prime Minister of independent Poland (1860-1941)

Pericles

Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athens' political and cultural supremacy in Greece; he ordered the construction of the Parthenon (died in 429 BC)

First Earl of Chatham

English statesman who brought the Seven Years' War to an end (1708-1778)

Second Earl of Chatham

English statesman and son of Pitt the Elder (1759-1806)

Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus

Roman general and statesman who quarrelled with Caesar and fled to Egypt where he was murdered (106-48 BC)

Colin luther Powell

United States general who was the first African American to serve as chief of staff; later served as Secretary of State under President George W. Bush (born 1937)

Pierre Joseph Proudhon

French socialist who argued that property is theft (1809-1865)

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin

Russian statesman chosen as president of the Russian Federation in 2000; formerly director of the Federal Security Bureau (born in 1952)

Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

Indian philosopher and statesman who introduced Indian philosophy to the West (1888-1975)

John Reed

United States journalist who reported on the October Revolution from Petrograd in 1917; founded the Communist Labor Party in America in 1919; is buried in the Kremlin in Moscow (1887-1920)

Armand Jean du Plessis

French prelate and statesman; principal minister to Louis XIII (1585-1642)

Second Marquis of Rockingham

English statesman who served as prime minister and who opposed the war with the American colonies (1730-1782)

Anwar el-Sadat

Egyptian statesman who (as president of Egypt) negotiated a peace treaty with Menachem Begin (then prime minister of Israel) (1918-1981)

Helmut Heinrich Waldemar Schmidt

German statesman who served as chancellor of Germany (born in 1918)

Lucius Annaeus Seneca

Roman statesman and philosopher who was an advisor to Nero; his nine extant tragedies are modeled on Greek tragedies (circa 4 BC - 65 AD)

Ian Douglas Smith

Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919)

Jan Christian Smuts

South African statesman and soldier (1870-1950)

Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili

Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)

Suharto

Indonesian statesman who seized power from Sukarno in 1967 (born in 1921)

Achmad Sukarno

Indonesian statesman who obtained the independence of Indonesia from the Netherlands in 1949 and served as president until ousted by Suharto in a coup d'etat (1901-1970)

Maxmilien de Bethune

French statesman (1560-1641)

Sun Yat-sen

Chinese statesman who organized the Kuomintang and led the revolution that overthrew the Manchu dynasty in 1911 and 1912 (1866-1925)

Charles Maurice de Talleyrand

French statesman (1754-1838)

Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven

British stateswoman; first woman to serve as Prime Minister (born in 1925)

Themistocles

Athenian statesman who persuaded Athens to build a navy and then led it to victory over the Persians (527-460 BC)

Norman Mattoon Thomas

United States socialist who was a candidate for president six times (1884-1968)

Marshal Tito

Yugoslav statesman who led the resistance to German occupation during World War II and established a communist state after the war (1892-1980)

Lev Davidovich Bronstein

Russian revolutionary and Communist theorist who helped Lenin and built up the army; he was ousted from the Communist Party by Stalin and eventually assassinated in Mexico (1879-1940)

Getulio Dornelles Vargas

Brazilian statesman who ruled Brazil as a virtual dictator (1883-1954)

Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd

South African statesman who instituted the policy of apartheid (1901-1966)

Kurt Waldheim

Austrian diplomat who was Secretary General of the United Nations from 1972 to 1981; in 1986 he was elected president of Austria in spite of worldwide allegations that he had direct knowledge of Nazi atrocities during World War II (born in 1918)

Lech Walesa

Polish labor leader and statesman (born in 1943)

First Earl of Orford

Englishman and Whig statesman who (under George I) was effectively the first British prime minister (1676-1745)

Earl of Warwick

English statesman; during the War of the Roses he fought first for the house of York and secured the throne for Edward IV and then changed sides to fight for the house of Lancaster and secured the throne for Henry VI (1428-1471)

Chaim Azriel Weizmann

Israeli statesman who persuaded the United States to recognize the new state of Israel and became its first president (1874-1952)

First Duke of Wellington

British general and statesman; he defeated Napoleon at Waterloo; subsequently served as Prime Minister (1769-1852)

William of Wykeham

English prelate and statesman; founded a college at Oxford and Winchester College in Winchester; served as chancellor of England and bishop of Winchester (1324-1404)

Chou En-lai

Chinese revolutionary and communist leader (1898-1976)

campaigner, candidate, nominee

a politician who is running for public office

Communist

a member of the communist party

demagog, demagogue, rabble-rouser

a political leader who seeks support by appealing to popular passions and prejudices

Democrat

a member of the Democratic Party

Federalist

a member of a former political party in the United States that favored a strong centralized federal government

Labourite

a member of the British Labour Party

hack, machine politician, political hack, ward-heeler

a politician who belongs to a small clique that controls a political party for private rather than public ends

Mugwump

someone who bolted from the Republican Party during the U.S. presidential election of 1884

noncandidate

someone who has announced they are not a candidate; especially a politician who has announced that he or she is not a candidate for some political office

boss, party boss, political boss

a leader in a political party who controls votes and dictates appointments

party liner, party man

a member of a political party who follows strictly the party line

Republican

a member of the Republican Party

sachem

a political leader (especially of Tammany Hall)

socialist

a political advocate of socialism

standard-bearer

an outstanding leader of a political movement

national leader, solon, statesman

a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs

technocrat

an advocate of technocracy

Whig

a member of the Whig Party that existed in the United States before the American Civil War

Grigori Aleksandrovich Potemkin, Grigori Potemkin, Grigori Potyokin, Potemkin, Potyokin

a Russian officer and politician who was a favorite of Catherine II and in 1762 helped her to seize power; when she visited the Crimea in 1787 he gave the order for sham villages to be built (1739-1791)

commie, communist

a socialist who advocates communism

dark horse

a political candidate who is not well known but could win unexpectedly

elder statesman

an elderly statesman whose advice is sought be government leaders

Fabian

a member of the Fabian Society in Britain

favorite son

a United States politician favored mainly in his or her home state

Founding Father

a member of the Constitutional Convention that drafted the United States Constitution in 1787

internationalist

a member of a socialist or communist international

Menshevik

a Russian member of the liberal minority group that advocated gradual reform and opposed the Bolsheviks before and during the Russian Revolution

running mate

a nominee for the lesser of two closely related political offices

collectivist, left-winger, leftist

a person who belongs to the political left

spoiler

a candidate with no chance of winning but who may draw enough votes to prevent one of the leading candidates from winning

stalking-horse

a candidate put forward to divide the Opposition or to mask the true candidate

stateswoman

a woman statesman

write-in, write-in candidate

a candidate for public office whose name does not appear on the ballot and so must be written on the ballot by the voters

leader

a person who rules or guides or inspires others

3n a schemer who tries to gain advantage in an organization in sly or underhanded ways

Hyper

plotter, schemer

a planner who draws up a personal scheme of action

单词	politician
释义	politician (once / 212 pages) n A politician is a person who campaigns for or holds a position in government. A politician may start a career by running for a local office, like mayor, but could eventually serve nationally — in Congress or even as President. Politician can mean someone who identifies with a major political party. Sometimes voters prefer to elect candidates who aren't career politicians, with more allegiance to the party they represent than the people they serve. A general frustration with politicians has resulted in the use of politician to refer to people who act to gain an advantage for themselves. The office politician may lobby the boss to get preferential treatment, for example. WORD FAMILY politician: politicians+/apolitical: apolitically/nonpolitical: nonpolitically/political: apolitical, nonpolitical, politically, semipolitical, unpolitical/politicise: politicised, politicising/politicize: politicized, politicizes, politicizing/politics: political, politician, politicise, politicize USAGE EXAMPLES “This proves that politicians didn’t do a good job the first time and we need a better process.” Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017) He was the ‘most popular politician on Earth.’ Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017) “They’ve been real estate developers and politicians. In my time, there’s never been an operating boss in charge of the M.T.A.” New York Times(Jan 02, 2017) 1n a leader engaged in civil administration Exp\|Hypo\|Hyper Thomas Hart Benton United States legislator who opposed the use of paper currency (1782-1858) Hilary Rodham Clinton wife of President Clinton and later a woman member of the United States Senate (1947-) James William Fulbright United States senator who is remembered for his creation of grants that fund exchange programs of teachers and students between the United States and other countries (1905-1995) John Herschel Glenn Jr. made the first orbital rocket-powered flight by a United States astronaut in 1962; later in United States Senate (1921-) governor the head of a state government legislator someone who makes or enacts laws city manager, mayor the head of a city government ex-mayor a former mayor alcalde a mayor or chief magistrate of a Spanish town backbencher a member of the House of Commons who is not a party leader bey the governor of a district or province in the Ottoman Empire burgomaster a mayor of a municipality in Germany or Holland or Flanders or Austria congressman, congresswoman, representative a member of the United States House of Representatives crossbencher a member of the House of Commons who does not vote regularly with either the government or the Opposition deputy a member of the lower chamber of a legislative assembly (such as in France) eparch the governor or prefect of an eparchy in ancient Greece filibuster, filibusterer a legislator who gives long speeches in an effort to delay or obstruct legislation that he (or she) opposes floor leader the legislator who organizes his party's strategy frontbencher a member of the House of Commons who is a minister in the government or who holds an official position in an opposition party governor general a governor of high rank majority leader leader of the majority party in a legislature mayoress a woman mayor military governor the head of a government established by the military (as in a defeated country) minority leader leader of the minority party in a legislature nabob, nawab a governor in India during the Mogul empire Member of Parliament, Parliamentarian an elected member of the British Parliament: a member of the House of Commons proconsul a provincial governor of consular rank in the Roman Republic and Roman Empire satrap a governor of a province in ancient Persia senator a member of a senate vicereine, viceroy governor of a country or province who rules as the representative of his or her king or sovereign party whip, whip a legislator appointed by the party to enforce discipline leader a person who rules or guides or inspires others 2n a person active in party politics Syn\|Exp\|Hypo\|Hyper pol, political leader, politico Nancy Witcher Astor British politician (born in the United States) who was the first woman to sit in the British House of Commons (1879-1964) Alben William Barkley United States politician and lawyer; vice president of the United States (1877-1956) William Maxwell Aitken British newspaper publisher and politician (born in Canada); confidant of Winston Churchill (1879-1964) Thomas Bradley United States politician who was elected the first black mayor of Los Angeles (1917-1998) Boy Orator of the Platte United States lawyer and politician who advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school (1860-1925) Aaron Burr United States politician who served as vice president under Jefferson; he mortally wounded his political rival Alexander Hamilton in a duel and fled south (1756-1836) Salmon Portland Chase United States politician and jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1808-1873) Charles Joseph Clark Canadian politician who served as prime minister (1939-) the Great Compromiser United States politician responsible for the Missouri Compromise between free and slave states (1777-1852) DeWitt Clinton United States politician who as governor of New York supported the project to build the Erie Canal (1769-1828) David Crockett United States frontiersman and Tennessee politician who died at the siege of the Alamo (1786-1836) Stephen Arnold Douglas United States politician who proposed that individual territories be allowed to decide whether they would have slavery; he engaged in a famous series of debates with Abraham Lincoln (1813-1861) Samuel Houston United States politician and military leader who fought to gain independence for Texas from Mexico and to make it a part of the United States (1793-1863) Jesse Louis Jackson United States civil rights leader who led a national campaign against racial discrimination and ran for presidential nomination (born in 1941) Glenda Jackson English film actress who later became a member of British Parliament (born in 1936) Andre Maginot French politician who proposed the Maginot Line (1877-1932) Joseph Raymond McCarthy United States politician who unscrupulously accused many citizens of being Communists (1908-1957) Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States politician and educator (1927-2003) Mullah Mohammed Omar reclusive Afghanistani politician and leader of the Taliban who imposed a strict interpretation of shariah law on Afghanistan (born in 1960) Sir Robert Peel British politician (1788-1850) Jeannette Rankin leader in the women's suffrage movement in Montana; the first woman to serve in the United States House of Representatives (1880-1973) Nellie Tayloe Ross a politician in Wyoming who was the first woman governor in the United States (1876-1977) William Henry Seward United States politician who as Secretary of State in 1867 arranged for the purchase of Alaska from Russia (known at the time as Seward's Folly) (1801-1872) Daniel Webster United States politician and orator (1782-1817) Dean Gooderham Acheson United States statesman who promoted the Marshall Plan and helped establish NATO (1893-1971) Konrad Adenauer German statesman; chancellor of West Germany (1876-1967) Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa Roman general who commanded the fleet that defeated the forces of Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (63-12 BC) Alcibiades ancient Athenian statesman and general in the Peloponnesian War (circa 450-404 BC) Yasser Arafat Palestinian statesman who was chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (1929-2004) Kemal Ataturk Turkish statesman who abolished the caliphate and founded Turkey as a modern secular state (1881-1938) Clement Richard Attlee British statesman and leader of the Labour Party who instituted the welfare state in Britain (1883-1967) Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC; defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC at Actium (63 BC - AD 14) Viscount St. Albans English statesman and philosopher; precursor of British empiricism; advocated inductive reasoning (1561-1626) 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley English statesman; member of the Conservative Party (1867-1947) Arthur James Balfour English statesman; member of the Conservative Party (1848-1930) Bernard Mannes Baruch economic advisor to United States Presidents (1870-1965) Menachem Begin Israeli statesman (born in Russia) who (as prime minister of Israel) negotiated a peace treaty with Anwar Sadat (then the president of Egypt) (1913-1992) David Ben Gurion Israeli statesman (born in Poland) and active Zionist who organized resistance against the British after World War II; prime minister of Israel (1886-1973) Ernest Bevin British labor leader and statesman who played an important role in diplomacy after World War II (1884-1951) Prince Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck German statesman under whose leadership Germany was united (1815-1898) Anthony Charles Lynton Blair British statesman who became prime minister in 1997 (born in 1953) Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius a Roman who was an early Christian philosopher and statesman who was executed for treason; Boethius had a decisive influence on medieval logic (circa 480-524) El Libertador Venezuelan statesman who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule; founded Bolivia in 1825 (1783-1830) Willy Brandt German statesman who as chancellor of West Germany worked to reduce tensions with eastern Europe (1913-1992) Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev Soviet statesman who became president of the Soviet Union (1906-1982) Marcus Junius Brutus statesman of ancient Rome who (with Cassius) led a conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar (85-42 BC) Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin Bolshevik leader in Russia who advocated gradual collectivism of the farms; was executed in a purge by Stalin (1888-1938) Edmund Burke British statesman famous for his oratory; pleaded the cause of the American colonists in British Parliament and defended the parliamentary system (1729-1797) Gaius Julius Caesar conqueror of Gaul and master of Italy (100-44 BC) Gaius Cassius Longinus prime mover in the conspiracy against Julius Caesar (died in 42 BC) Fidel Castro Ruz Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927) Arthur Neville Chamberlain British statesman who as Prime Minister pursued a policy of appeasement toward fascist Germany (1869-1940) Francois Rene Chateaubriand French statesman and writer; considered a precursor of the romantic movement in France (1768-1848) Fourth Earl of Chesterfield suave and witty English statesman remembered mostly for letters to his son (1694-1773) Chiang Chung-cheng Chinese military and political figure; in the Chinese civil war that followed World War II he was defeated by the Chinese communists and in 1949 was forced to withdraw to Taiwan where he served as president of Nationalist China until his death (1897-1975) Sir Winston Leonard Spenser Churchill British statesman and leader during World War II; received Nobel prize for literature in 1953 (1874-1965) Marcus Tullius Cicero a Roman statesman and orator remembered for his mastery of Latin prose (106-43 BC) Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus Roman statesman regarded as a model of simple virtue; he twice was called to assume dictatorship of Rome and each time retired to his farm (519-438 BC) Georges Eugene Benjamin Clemenceau French statesman who played a key role in negotiating the Treaty of Versailles (1841-1929) Baron Clive of Plassey British general and statesman whose victory at Plassey in 1757 strengthened British control of India (1725-1774) Cosimo de Medici Italian financier and statesman and friend of the papal court (1389-1464) Oliver Cromwell English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War (1599-1658) Jefferson Davis American statesman; president of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War (1808-1889) Moshe Dayan Israeli general and statesman (1915-1981) Charles Andre Joseph Marie de Gaulle French general and statesman who became very popular during World War II as the leader of the Free French forces in exile (1890-1970) Demosthenes Athenian statesman and orator (circa 385-322 BC) Teng Hsiao-ping Chinese communist statesman (1904-1997) Eamon de Valera Irish statesman (born in the United States); as president of the Irish Free State he was responsible for the new constitution of 1937 that created the state of Eire (1882-1975) First Earl of Beaconsfield British statesman who as Prime Minister bought controlling interest in the Suez Canal and made Queen Victoria the empress of India (1804-1881) Friedrich Engels socialist who wrote the Communist Manifesto with Karl Marx in 1848 (1820-1895) Gaius Flaminius Roman statesman and general who built the Flaminian Way; died when he was defeated by Hannibal (died 217 BC) Charles James Fox English statesman who supported American independence and the French Revolution (1749-1806) Indira Nehru Gandhi daughter of Nehru who served as prime minister of India from 1966 to 1977 (1917-1984) William Ewart Gladstone liberal British statesman who served as prime minister four times (1809-1898) Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev Soviet statesman whose foreign policy brought an end to the Cold War and whose domestic policy introduced major reforms (born in 1931) Second Earl Grey Englishman who as Prime Minister implemented social reforms including the abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire (1764-1845) First Viscount Haldane of Cloan Scottish statesman and brother of Elizabeth and John Haldane (1856-1928) Alexander Hamilton United States statesman and leader of the Federalists; as the first Secretary of the Treasury he establish a federal bank; was mortally wounded in a duel with Aaron Burr (1755-1804) Vaclav Havel Czech dramatist and statesman whose plays opposed totalitarianism and who served as president of Czechoslovakia from 1989 to 1992 and president of the Czech Republic since 1993 (born in 1936) William Dudley Haywood United States labor leader and militant socialist who was one of the founders of the Industrial Workers of the World (1869-1928) Paul Ludwig von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg German field marshal and statesman; as president of the Weimar Republic he reluctantly appointed Hitler as chancellor in 1933 (1847-1934) Nguyen Tat Thanh Vietnamese communist statesman who fought the Japanese in World War II and the French until 1954 and South Vietnam until 1975 (1890-1969) Muhammad Ali Jinnah Indian statesman who was the founder of Pakistan as a Muslim state (1876-1948) Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin soviet statesman and head of state of the USSR (1875-1946) Kenneth David Kaunda statesman who led Northern Rhodesia to full independence as Zambia in 1964 and served as Zambia's first president (1924-1999) Jomo Kenyata Kenyan statesman and the first president of independent Kenya (1893-1978) Aleksandr Feodorovich Kerensky Russian revolutionary who was head of state after Nicholas II abdicated but was overthrown by the Bolsheviks (1881-1970) Sir Seretse Khama Botswanan statesman who was the first president of Botswana (1921-1980) Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev Soviet statesman and premier who denounced Stalin (1894-1971) Prince Fumimaro Konoye Japanese statesman who set Japan's expansionist policies and formed an alliance with Germany and Italy (1891-1945) Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger Boer statesman (1825-1904) Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924) Lorenzo the Magnificent Italian statesman and scholar who supported many artists and humanists including Michelangelo and Leonardo and Botticelli (1449-1492) Niccolo Machiavelli a statesman of Florence who advocated a strong central government (1469-1527) John Roy Major British statesman who was prime minister from 1990 until 1997 (born in 1943) Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela South African statesman who was released from prison to become the nation's first democratically elected president in 1994 (born in 1918) Mao Tsetung Chinese communist leader (1893-1976) George Catlett Marshall United States general and statesman who as Secretary of State organized the European Recovery Program (1880-1959) Golda Meir Israeli statesman (born in Russia) (1898-1978) Prince Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar von Metternich Austrian statesman (1773-1859) Francois Maurice Marie Mitterrand French statesman and president of France from 1981 to 1985 (1916-1996) Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov Soviet statesman (1890-1986) Sir Thomas More English statesman who opposed Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon and was imprisoned and beheaded; recalled for his concept of Utopia, the ideal state Gouverneur Morris United States statesman who led the committee that produced the final draft of the United States Constitution (1752-1816) Hosni Mubarak Egyptian statesman who became president in 1981 after Sadat was assassinated (born in 1929) Fridtjof Nansen Norwegian explorer of the Arctic and director of the League of Nations relief program for refugees of World War I (1861-1930) Gamal Abdel Nasser Egyptian statesman who nationalized the Suez Canal (1918-1970) Jawaharlal Nehru Indian statesman and leader with Gandhi in the struggle for home rule; was the first prime minister of the Republic of India from 1947 to 1964 (1889-1964) Second Earl of Guilford British statesman under George III whose policies led to rebellion in the American colonies (1732-1792) Daniel Ortega Saavedra Nicaraguan statesman (born in 1945) Ignace Jan Paderewski Polish pianist who in 1919 served as the first Prime Minister of independent Poland (1860-1941) Pericles Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athens' political and cultural supremacy in Greece; he ordered the construction of the Parthenon (died in 429 BC) First Earl of Chatham English statesman who brought the Seven Years' War to an end (1708-1778) Second Earl of Chatham English statesman and son of Pitt the Elder (1759-1806) Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus Roman general and statesman who quarrelled with Caesar and fled to Egypt where he was murdered (106-48 BC) Colin luther Powell United States general who was the first African American to serve as chief of staff; later served as Secretary of State under President George W. Bush (born 1937) Pierre Joseph Proudhon French socialist who argued that property is theft (1809-1865) Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin Russian statesman chosen as president of the Russian Federation in 2000; formerly director of the Federal Security Bureau (born in 1952) Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Indian philosopher and statesman who introduced Indian philosophy to the West (1888-1975) John Reed United States journalist who reported on the October Revolution from Petrograd in 1917; founded the Communist Labor Party in America in 1919; is buried in the Kremlin in Moscow (1887-1920) Armand Jean du Plessis French prelate and statesman; principal minister to Louis XIII (1585-1642) Second Marquis of Rockingham English statesman who served as prime minister and who opposed the war with the American colonies (1730-1782) Anwar el-Sadat Egyptian statesman who (as president of Egypt) negotiated a peace treaty with Menachem Begin (then prime minister of Israel) (1918-1981) Helmut Heinrich Waldemar Schmidt German statesman who served as chancellor of Germany (born in 1918) Lucius Annaeus Seneca Roman statesman and philosopher who was an advisor to Nero; his nine extant tragedies are modeled on Greek tragedies (circa 4 BC - 65 AD) Ian Douglas Smith Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919) Jan Christian Smuts South African statesman and soldier (1870-1950) Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953) Suharto Indonesian statesman who seized power from Sukarno in 1967 (born in 1921) Achmad Sukarno Indonesian statesman who obtained the independence of Indonesia from the Netherlands in 1949 and served as president until ousted by Suharto in a coup d'etat (1901-1970) Maxmilien de Bethune French statesman (1560-1641) Sun Yat-sen Chinese statesman who organized the Kuomintang and led the revolution that overthrew the Manchu dynasty in 1911 and 1912 (1866-1925) Charles Maurice de Talleyrand French statesman (1754-1838) Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven British stateswoman; first woman to serve as Prime Minister (born in 1925) Themistocles Athenian statesman who persuaded Athens to build a navy and then led it to victory over the Persians (527-460 BC) Norman Mattoon Thomas United States socialist who was a candidate for president six times (1884-1968) Marshal Tito Yugoslav statesman who led the resistance to German occupation during World War II and established a communist state after the war (1892-1980) Lev Davidovich Bronstein Russian revolutionary and Communist theorist who helped Lenin and built up the army; he was ousted from the Communist Party by Stalin and eventually assassinated in Mexico (1879-1940) Getulio Dornelles Vargas Brazilian statesman who ruled Brazil as a virtual dictator (1883-1954) Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd South African statesman who instituted the policy of apartheid (1901-1966) Kurt Waldheim Austrian diplomat who was Secretary General of the United Nations from 1972 to 1981; in 1986 he was elected president of Austria in spite of worldwide allegations that he had direct knowledge of Nazi atrocities during World War II (born in 1918) Lech Walesa Polish labor leader and statesman (born in 1943) First Earl of Orford Englishman and Whig statesman who (under George I) was effectively the first British prime minister (1676-1745) Earl of Warwick English statesman; during the War of the Roses he fought first for the house of York and secured the throne for Edward IV and then changed sides to fight for the house of Lancaster and secured the throne for Henry VI (1428-1471) Chaim Azriel Weizmann Israeli statesman who persuaded the United States to recognize the new state of Israel and became its first president (1874-1952) First Duke of Wellington British general and statesman; he defeated Napoleon at Waterloo; subsequently served as Prime Minister (1769-1852) William of Wykeham English prelate and statesman; founded a college at Oxford and Winchester College in Winchester; served as chancellor of England and bishop of Winchester (1324-1404) Chou En-lai Chinese revolutionary and communist leader (1898-1976) campaigner, candidate, nominee a politician who is running for public office Communist a member of the communist party demagog, demagogue, rabble-rouser a political leader who seeks support by appealing to popular passions and prejudices Democrat a member of the Democratic Party Federalist a member of a former political party in the United States that favored a strong centralized federal government Labourite a member of the British Labour Party hack, machine politician, political hack, ward-heeler a politician who belongs to a small clique that controls a political party for private rather than public ends Mugwump someone who bolted from the Republican Party during the U.S. presidential election of 1884 noncandidate someone who has announced they are not a candidate; especially a politician who has announced that he or she is not a candidate for some political office boss, party boss, political boss a leader in a political party who controls votes and dictates appointments party liner, party man a member of a political party who follows strictly the party line Republican a member of the Republican Party sachem a political leader (especially of Tammany Hall) socialist a political advocate of socialism standard-bearer an outstanding leader of a political movement national leader, solon, statesman a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs technocrat an advocate of technocracy Whig a member of the Whig Party that existed in the United States before the American Civil War Grigori Aleksandrovich Potemkin, Grigori Potemkin, Grigori Potyokin, Potemkin, Potyokin a Russian officer and politician who was a favorite of Catherine II and in 1762 helped her to seize power; when she visited the Crimea in 1787 he gave the order for sham villages to be built (1739-1791) commie, communist a socialist who advocates communism dark horse a political candidate who is not well known but could win unexpectedly elder statesman an elderly statesman whose advice is sought be government leaders Fabian a member of the Fabian Society in Britain favorite son a United States politician favored mainly in his or her home state Founding Father a member of the Constitutional Convention that drafted the United States Constitution in 1787 internationalist a member of a socialist or communist international Menshevik a Russian member of the liberal minority group that advocated gradual reform and opposed the Bolsheviks before and during the Russian Revolution running mate a nominee for the lesser of two closely related political offices collectivist, left-winger, leftist a person who belongs to the political left spoiler a candidate with no chance of winning but who may draw enough votes to prevent one of the leading candidates from winning stalking-horse a candidate put forward to divide the Opposition or to mask the true candidate stateswoman a woman statesman write-in, write-in candidate a candidate for public office whose name does not appear on the ballot and so must be written on the ballot by the voters leader a person who rules or guides or inspires others 3n a schemer who tries to gain advantage in an organization in sly or underhanded ways Hyper plotter, schemer a planner who draws up a personal scheme of action
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