| 单词 | acid |
| 释义 | acid (once / 217 pages) 1nadj 2n In technical terms, acid is a substance that can react with a base to make a salt. In practical terms, acid is the stuff you want to keep off your hands, or any part of you, because it will eat away your skin. Not all acids will eat skin away. The citric acid in oranges and other citrus fruits gives them their tasty tang. There is a hallucinogenic street drug called acid that eats away at the user’s sense of reality. Words sometimes have the qualities of acid. In acidic speech, words feel corrosive to the listener’s sensibilities. This one’s perhaps the most frequent and most destructive of all. WORD FAMILYacid: acidify, acidity, acidly, acids, antiacid, subacid+/acidify: acidification, acidified, acidifying/acidity: acidities, hyperacidity USAGE EXAMPLESOne of bile’s main components is bile acid, a derivative of cholesterol. Economist(Dec 01, 2016) An intriguing tension between acid and fat, sour and sweet, crisp and creamy is often at play. Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016) To measure adherence, participants must complete dietary questionnaires and have routine blood tests to measure their levels of salt, fatty acids and other nutrients. Nature(Nov 29, 2016) 1 1n any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt Hypo|Hyper alcapton, alkapton, homogentisic acid an acid formed as an intermediate product of the metabolism of tyrosine and phenylalanine arsenic acidan acid formed from arsenic pentoxide cerotic acid, hexacosanoic acida white solid fatty acid found in waxes (such as beeswax) chloric acid(HClO3) a strong unstable acid with an acrid odor found in chlorate salts chlorous acid(HClO2) a strongly oxidizing acid; known only in solution monobasic acidan acid containing only one replaceable hydrogen atom per molecule dibasic acidan acid containing two replaceable hydrogen atoms per molecule tribasic acidan acid containing three replaceable hydrogen atoms per molecule tetrabasic acidan acid containing four replaceable hydrogen atoms per molecule fulminic acid(CNOH) an unstable acid occurring mainly in the form of explosive salts and esters that is isomeric with cyanic acid gamma acida crystalline acid used to make azo dyes hydriodic acid(HI) a colorless or yellow aqueous solution of hydrogen iodide hydrocyanic acid, prussic acida solution of hydrogen cyanide in water; weak solutions are used in fumigating and in the synthesis of organic compounds hydroxy acidany acid that has hydroxyl groups in addition to the hydroxyl group in the acid itself hyponitrous acidan explosive white crystalline weak acid (H2N2O2) lysergic acida crystalline acid often used in medical research; obtained from ergotic alkaloids manganic acida dibasic acid (H2MnO4) found only in solution and in manganate salts 2-methylpropenoic acid, methacrylic acidan unsaturated acid (C4H6O2) used to make resins and plastics selenic acida strong acid (H2SeO4) analogous to sulfuric acid sulfonic acid, sulphonic acidan acid derived from sulphuric acid titanic acida white weak acid that is a hydrated form of titanium dioxide perchloric acida powerful oxidizing agent; forms perchlorates carboxylic acidan organic acid characterized by one or more carboxyl groups aminobenzoic acida derivative of benzoic acid aqua fortis, nitric acidacid used especially in the production of fertilizers and explosives and rocket fuels nitrous acidan unstable inorganic acid known only in solution and as nitrite salts aqua regia, nitrohydrochloric acida yellow fuming corrosive mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acid that dissolves metals (including gold) barbituric acid, malonylureaa white crystalline acid derived from pyrimidine; used in preparing barbiturate drugs Prevacid, lansoprazoleantacid (trade name Prevacid) that suppresses acid secretion in the stomach boracic acid, boric acidany of various acids containing boron and oxygen boric acid, orthoboric acida white or colorless slightly acid solid that is soluble in water and ethanol; used in the manufacture of glass and paper and adhesives and in detergents and as a flux in welding; also used as an antiseptic and food preservative bromic acidan unstable acid used as an oxidizing agent carbamic acidan acid that is known only by virtue of its salts (as ammonium carbamate) or its esters (as urethane) carbolic acid, hydroxybenzene, oxybenzene, phenol, phenylic acida toxic white soluble crystalline acidic derivative of benzene; used in manufacturing and as a disinfectant and antiseptic; poisonous if taken internally carbonic acida weak acid known only in solution; formed when carbon dioxide combines with water chromic acidan unstable acid known only in solution and as chromate salts citric acida weak water-soluble acid found in many fruits (especially citrus fruits); used as a flavoring agent cyanamid, cyanamidea weak soluble dibasic acid (the parent acid of cyanamide salts) cyanic acida colorless poisonous volatile liquid acid that hydrolyzes readily to ammonia and carbon dioxide cyanuric acida trimer of cyanic acid ferricyanic acida brown unstable acid formed from ferricyanide ferrocyanic acida white unstable acid formed from ferrocyanide salts fluoroboric acidan acid of fluorine and boron fluosilicic acid, hydrofluosilicic acidan unstable poisonous corrosive acid known primarily in the form of its salts formic acida colorless pungent fuming vesicatory liquid acid HCOOH found naturally in ants and many plants or made catalytically from carbon monoxide and steam; used in finishing textiles and paper and in the manufacture of insecticides and fumigants fumaric acida colorless crystalline acid with a fruity taste; used in making polyester resins gallic acida colorless crystalline acid obtained from tannin glyceric acida syrupy acid obtained by oxidation of glycerol or glyceraldehyde glycolic acid, glycollic acid, hydroxyacetic acida translucent crystalline compound found in sugar cane and sugar beets and unripe grapes hydrobromic acidan aqueous solution of hydrogen bromide that is a strong liquid acid chlorohydric acid, hydrochloric acidan aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride; a strongly corrosive acid hydrogen chloridea colorless corrosive gas (HCl) hydrofluoric acida weak poisonous liquid acid; formed by solution of hydrogen fluoride in water hydroiodic acidan acid formed by aqueous solution of hydrogen iodide hypochlorous acida weak unstable acid known only in solution and in its salts; used as a bleaching agent and as an oxidizing agent iodic acida soluble crystalline acid; used as a reagent and disinfectant isocyanic acidan acid known only in the form of its esters itaconic acida crystalline carboxylic acid; occurs in some fermentations of sugars maleic acida colorless crystalline compound found in unripe fruit (such as apples or tomatoes or cherries) and used mainly to make polyester resins oxalacetic acid, oxaloacetic acidan acid formed by oxidation of maleic acid (as in metabolism of fats and carbohydrates) ethanedioic acid, oxalic acida toxic colorless crystalline organic acid found in oxalis and other plants; used as a bleach and rust remover and in chemical analysis oxyacid, oxygen acidany acid that contains oxygen pantothen, pantothenic acida vitamin of the vitamin B complex that performs an important role in the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates and certain amino acids; occurs in many foods PABA, para aminobenzoic acida metabolic acid found in yeast and liver cells; used to make dyes and drugs and sun blockers pectic acida complex acid that occurs in ripe fruit and some vegetables permanganic acidan unstable purple acid (HMnO4) known only in solution or of permanganate salts phthalic acida colorless acid used to make dyes and perfumes picric acida yellow toxic highly explosive strong acid; used in high explosives and as a dye and in chemical reactions pyruvic acida colorless acid formed as an important intermediate in metabolism or fermentation dichromic acidthe hypothetical acid (H2Cr2O7) from which dichromates are derived; known only in solution and in the form of dichromate salts silicic acida jellylike substance (hydrated silica) sulfanilic acid, sulphanilic acida crystalline acid made from aniline and used as a dye thiocyanic acidan unstable acid that can be obtained by distilling a thiocyanate salt toluic acidan isomeric acid derived from toluene triphosphoric acidan acid that is a partial anhydride of three molecules of phosphoric acid; known chiefly in the form of its salts and esters undecylenic acidan acid that is a component of perspiration uric acida white tasteless odorless crystalline product of protein metabolism; found in the blood and urine oil of vitriol, sulfuric acid, sulphuric acid, vitriol(H2SO4) a highly corrosive acid made from sulfur dioxide; widely used in the chemical industry xanthic acidany of a class of unstable organic acids containing sulphur acetic acid, ethanoic acida colorless pungent liquid widely used in manufacturing plastics and pharmaceuticals adipic acid, hexanedioic acida carboxylic acid used in the manufacture of nylon hydroxybenzoic acida crystalline derivative of benzoic acid hypophosphoric acida crystalline tetrabasic acid (H4P2O6) hypophosphorous acid, orthophosphorous acid, phosphorous acida clear or yellow monobasic acid (H3PO2) juniperic acida crystalline acid found in the exudations of some conifers polyphosphoric acida series of oxyacids of phosphorus mucic acida solid acid (C6H10O8) found in milk or sugar octanedioic acid, suberic acida dicarboxylic acid found in cork succinic acida dicarboxylic acid (C4H6O4) active in metabolic processes saccharic acida white dicarboxylic acid formed from oxidation of sugar or starch decanedioic acid, sebacic acida dicarboxylic acid used to make resins sorbic acida white crystalline carboxylic acid used as a preservative pentanoic acid, valeric acida clear liquid carboxylic acid used in perfumes and drugs fatty acidany of a class of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that form part of a lipid molecule and can be derived from fat by hydrolysis; fatty acids are simple molecules built around a series of carbon atoms linked together in a chain of 12 to 22 carbon atoms battery acid, electrolyte aciddilute sulfuric acid used in storage batteries benzoic acida white crystalline solid occurring in many resins propanoic acid, propionic acida liquid fatty acid found in milk and sweat and in fuel distillates lactic acida clear odorless hygroscopic syrupy carboxylic acid found in sour milk and in many fruits muriatic acida former name for hydrochloric acid periodic acidany acid of iodine that contains oxygen perboric acida form of boric acid orthophosphoric acid, phosphoric acidan acid used in fertilizers and soaps: H3PO4 acrylic acid, propenoic acidan unsaturated liquid carboxylic acid used in the manufacture of acrylic resins 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acida white crystalline substance with a bitter aftertaste; used as a fungicide or in making aspirin or dyes or perfumes tartaric acidan acid found in many fruits; used in soft drinks and confectionery and baking powder tungstic acidan oxyacid of tungsten (often polymeric in nature) formed by neutralizing alkaline tungstate solutions vanadic acid, vanadium pentoxideany of various oxyacids of vanadium; known mostly in the form of its salts chemical compound, compound (chemistry) a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight 2adj having the characteristics of an acid an acid reaction Syn acidic being or containing an acid; of a solution having an excess of hydrogen atoms (having a pH of less than 7) 3adj being sour to the taste Syn acidic, acidulent, acidulous sour having a sharp biting taste 4adj harsh or corrosive in tone 2a barrage of acid comments Syn acerb, acerbic, acrid, bitter, blistering, caustic, sulfurous, sulphurous, virulent, vitriolic unpleasant disagreeable to the senses, to the mind, or feelings n street name for lysergic acid diethylamide |
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