英语词汇“protein”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

Protein makes up your nails, your hair, and the egg on your plate. This nitrogenous substance we call protein consists of chains of amino acids and is necessary for life functions.

The linguistic origins of protein — from the Greek proteios, meaning “first place” or “primary” — are fitting for a substance that is one of life’s chief components. Although protein is a word often heard in labs and biology classes, it has everyday context too, particularly in the kitchen. Protein-rich foods like eggs, cheese, meats, peanuts or beans are an essential part of good nutrition.

WORD FAMILY

protein: proteinaceous, proteins

USAGE EXAMPLES

It’s a Styku 3-D body scanner, tucked away in a room next to a minibar serving protein shakes.

Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)

Cheese proteins contain casomorphins, chemical compounds that attach to the same opiate receptors in the brain as heroin or morphine.

New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)

Spinraza addresses the underlying genetic cause of the disease and enables a backup gene to produce more of the necessary protein.

New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)

n any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes

a diet high in protein

Hypo|Hyper

capsid

the outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus

gluten

a protein substance that remains when starch is removed from cereal grains; gives cohesiveness to dough

recombinant protein

a protein derived from recombinant DNA

actomyosin

a protein complex in muscle fibers; composed of myosin and actin; shortens when stimulated and causes muscle contractions

aleurone

granular protein in outermost layer of endosperm of many seeds or cereal grains

amyloid

(pathology) a waxy translucent complex protein resembling starch that results from degeneration of tissue

apoenzyme

a protein that combines with a coenzyme to form an active enzyme

compound protein, conjugated protein

a protein complex combining amino acids with other substances

enzyme

any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions

fibrin

a white insoluble fibrous protein formed by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen when blood clots; it forms a network that traps red cells and platelets

filaggrin

the main protein of the keratohyalin granules

growth factor

a protein that is involved in cell differentiation and growth

haptoglobin

a protein in plasma that binds free hemoglobin and removes it (as from wounds)

iodinated protein, iodoprotein

a protein that contains iodine

nucleoprotein

any of several substances found in the nuclei of all living cells; consists of a protein bound to a nucleic acid

opsin

retinal protein formed by the action of light on rhodopsin

phosphoprotein

containing chemically bound phosphoric acid

plasma protein

any of the proteins in blood plasma

PSA, prostate specific antigen

a protein manufactured exclusively by the prostate gland; PSA is produced for the ejaculate where it liquifies the semen and allows sperm cells to swim freely; elevated levels of PSA in blood serum are associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer

proteome

the full complement of proteins produced by a particular genome

simple protein

a protein that yields only amino acids when hydrolyzed

cytokine

any of various protein molecules secreted by cells of the immune system that serve to regulate the immune system

ferritin

a protein containing 20% iron that is found in the intestines and liver and spleen; it is one of the chief forms in which iron is stored in the body

antibody

any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes, thus producing an immune response

corn gluten

gluten prepared from corn

wheat gluten

gluten prepared from wheat

ADA, adenosine deaminase

an enzyme found in mammals that can catalyze the deamination of adenosine into inosine and ammonia

actin

one of the proteins into which actomyosin can be split; can exist in either a globular or a fibrous form

albumen, albumin

a simple water-soluble protein found in many animal tissues and liquids

NGF, nerve growth factor

a protein that is involved in the growth of peripheral nerve cells

casein

a milk protein used in making e.g. plastics and adhesives

amylase

any of a group of proteins found in saliva and pancreatic juice and parts of plants; help convert starch to sugar

cholinesterase

an enzyme that hydrolyses acetylcholine (into choline and acetic acid)

coagulase

an enzyme that induces coagulation

collagenase

any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of collagen and gelatin

complement

one of a series of enzymes in the blood serum that are part of the immune response

TNF, tumor necrosis factor, tumour necrosis factor

a proinflammatory cytokine that is produced by white blood cells (monocytes and macrophages); has an antineoplastic effect but causes inflammation (as in rheumatoid arthritis)

catalase

enzyme found in most plant and animal cells that functions as an oxidative catalyst; decomposes hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water

Cox, cyclooxygenase

either of two related enzymes that control the production of prostaglandins and are blocked by aspirin

decarboxylase

any of the enzymes that hydrolize the carboxyl group

de-iodinase

an enzyme that removes the iodine radical

disaccharidase

an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of disaccharides into monosaccharides

elastase

a pancreatic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of elastin

enterokinase

enzyme in the intestinal juice that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin

glycoprotein

a conjugated protein having a carbohydrate component

haemoprotein, hemoprotein

a conjugated protein linked to a compound of iron and porphyrin

histaminase

enzyme that acts as a catalyst in converting histidine to histamine

Hyazyme, hyaluronidase, spreading factor

an enzyme (trade name Hyazyme) that splits hyaluronic acid and so lowers its viscosity and increases the permeability of connective tissue and the absorption of fluids

thyroprotein

a preparation made from iodinated protein and having an action similar to thyroxine

thyroglobulin

an iodine containing protein that is obtained from the thyroid gland and exhibits the general properties of the globulins

isomerase

an enzyme that catalyzes its substrate to an isomeric form

kinase

an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a proenzyme to an active enzyme

lipase

an enzyme secreted in the digestive tract that catalyzes the breakdown of fats into individual fatty acids that can be absorbed into the bloodstream

lipoprotein

a conjugated protein having a lipid component; the principal means for transporting lipids in the blood

lymphokine

a cytokine secreted by helper T cells in response to stimulation by antigens and that acts on other cells of the immune system (as by activating macrophages)

lysozyme, muramidase

an enzyme found in saliva and sweat and tears that destroys the cell walls of certain bacteria

MAO, monoamine oxidase

an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of many body compounds (e.g., epinephrine and norepinephrine and serotonin)

nitrogenase

an enzyme of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms that catalyzes the conversion of nitrogen to ammonia

nuclease

general term for enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleic acid by cleaving chains of nucleotides into smaller units

oxidase

any of the enzymes that catalyze biological oxidation

oxidoreductase

an enzyme that catalyzes oxidation-reduction

papain

a proteolytic enzyme obtained from the unripe papaya; used as a meat tenderizer

beta-lactamase, penicillinase

enzyme produced by certain bacteria that inactivates penicillin and results in resistance to that antibiotic

pepsin

an enzyme produced in the stomach that splits proteins into peptones

pepsinogen

precursor of pepsin; stored in the stomach walls and converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid in the stomach

phosphatase

any of a group of enzymes that act as a catalyst in the hydrolysis of organic phosphates

fibrinolysin, plasmin

an enzyme that dissolves the fibrin of blood clots

polymerase

an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of new DNA and RNA from an existing strand of DNA or RNA

peptidase, protease, proteinase, proteolytic enzyme

any enzyme that catalyzes the splitting of proteins into smaller peptide fractions and amino acids by a process known as proteolysis

reductase

an enzyme that catalyses the biochemical reduction of some specified substance

chymosin, rennin

an enzyme that occurs in gastric juice; causes milk to coagulate

secretase

a set of enzymes believed to snip pieces off a longer protein producing fragments of amyloid protein that bunch up and create amyloid protein plaques in brain tissue (the pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's)

globulin

a family of proteins found in blood and milk and muscle and in plant seed

gamma globulin, human gamma globulin

a plasma protein containing the immunoglobulins that are responsible for immune responses

clotting factor, coagulation factor

any of the factors in the blood whose actions are essential for blood coagulation

globin, haematohiston, hematohiston

a colorless protein obtained by removing heme from hemoglobin; the oxygen carrying compound in red blood cells

glutelin

a simple protein found in the seeds of cereals

histone

a simple protein containing mainly basic amino acids; present in cell nuclei in association with nucleic acids

prolamine

a simple protein found in plants

protamine

a simple protein found in fish sperm; rich in arginine; simpler in composition than globulin or albumin; counteracts the anticoagulant effect of heparin

albuminoid, scleroprotein

a simple protein found in horny and cartilaginous tissues and in the lens of the eye

autoantibody

an antibody acting against tissues of the organism that produces it

precipitin

an antibody that causes precipitation when it unites with its antigen

ABO antibodies

blood type antibodies

Rh antibody

rhesus factor antibody

antitoxin

an antibody that can neutralize a specific toxin

agglutinin

an antibody that causes agglutination of a specific antigen

Forssman antibody, heterophil antibody, heterophile antibody

an antibody found in the blood of someone suffering from infectious mononucleosis

alloantibody, isoantibody

an antibody that occurs naturally against foreign tissues from a person of the same species

monoclonal, monoclonal antibody

any of a class of antibodies produced in the laboratory by a single clone of cells or a cell line and consisting of identical antibody molecules

opsonin

an antibody in blood serum that attaches to invading microorganisms and other antigens to make them more susceptible to the action of phagocytes

Ig, immune gamma globulin, immune globulin, immune serum globulin, immunoglobulin

a class of proteins produced in lymph tissue in vertebrates and that function as antibodies in the immune response

streptodornase

an enzyme produced by some hemolytic strains of streptococcus that dissolves fibrinous secretions from infections; used medicinally (often in combination with streptokinase)

streptokinase

an enzyme produced by some strains of streptococcus that can liquefy blood clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin; used medicinally in some cases of myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism

SOD, superoxide dismutase

an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen

telomerase

an enzyme in eukaryotic cells that can add telomeres to the ends of chromosomes after they divide

transferase

any of various enzymes that move a chemical group from one compound to another compound

trypsin

an enzyme of pancreatic origin; catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins to smaller polypeptide units

urease

an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia; is present in intestinal bacteria

zymase

a complex of enzymes that cause glycolysis; originally found in yeast but also present in higher organisms

macromolecule, supermolecule

any very large complex molecule; found only in plants and animals

单词	protein
释义	protein (once / 1346 pages) n Protein makes up your nails, your hair, and the egg on your plate. This nitrogenous substance we call protein consists of chains of amino acids and is necessary for life functions. The linguistic origins of protein — from the Greek proteios, meaning “first place” or “primary” — are fitting for a substance that is one of life’s chief components. Although protein is a word often heard in labs and biology classes, it has everyday context too, particularly in the kitchen. Protein-rich foods like eggs, cheese, meats, peanuts or beans are an essential part of good nutrition. WORD FAMILY protein: proteinaceous, proteins USAGE EXAMPLES It’s a Styku 3-D body scanner, tucked away in a room next to a minibar serving protein shakes. Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016) Cheese proteins contain casomorphins, chemical compounds that attach to the same opiate receptors in the brain as heroin or morphine. New York Times(Dec 28, 2016) Spinraza addresses the underlying genetic cause of the disease and enables a backup gene to produce more of the necessary protein. New York Times(Dec 30, 2016) n any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes a diet high in protein Hypo\|Hyper capsid the outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus gluten a protein substance that remains when starch is removed from cereal grains; gives cohesiveness to dough recombinant protein a protein derived from recombinant DNA actomyosin a protein complex in muscle fibers; composed of myosin and actin; shortens when stimulated and causes muscle contractions aleurone granular protein in outermost layer of endosperm of many seeds or cereal grains amyloid (pathology) a waxy translucent complex protein resembling starch that results from degeneration of tissue apoenzyme a protein that combines with a coenzyme to form an active enzyme compound protein, conjugated protein a protein complex combining amino acids with other substances enzyme any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions fibrin a white insoluble fibrous protein formed by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen when blood clots; it forms a network that traps red cells and platelets filaggrin the main protein of the keratohyalin granules growth factor a protein that is involved in cell differentiation and growth haptoglobin a protein in plasma that binds free hemoglobin and removes it (as from wounds) iodinated protein, iodoprotein a protein that contains iodine nucleoprotein any of several substances found in the nuclei of all living cells; consists of a protein bound to a nucleic acid opsin retinal protein formed by the action of light on rhodopsin phosphoprotein containing chemically bound phosphoric acid plasma protein any of the proteins in blood plasma PSA, prostate specific antigen a protein manufactured exclusively by the prostate gland; PSA is produced for the ejaculate where it liquifies the semen and allows sperm cells to swim freely; elevated levels of PSA in blood serum are associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer proteome the full complement of proteins produced by a particular genome simple protein a protein that yields only amino acids when hydrolyzed cytokine any of various protein molecules secreted by cells of the immune system that serve to regulate the immune system ferritin a protein containing 20% iron that is found in the intestines and liver and spleen; it is one of the chief forms in which iron is stored in the body antibody any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes, thus producing an immune response corn gluten gluten prepared from corn wheat gluten gluten prepared from wheat ADA, adenosine deaminase an enzyme found in mammals that can catalyze the deamination of adenosine into inosine and ammonia actin one of the proteins into which actomyosin can be split; can exist in either a globular or a fibrous form albumen, albumin a simple water-soluble protein found in many animal tissues and liquids NGF, nerve growth factor a protein that is involved in the growth of peripheral nerve cells casein a milk protein used in making e.g. plastics and adhesives amylase any of a group of proteins found in saliva and pancreatic juice and parts of plants; help convert starch to sugar cholinesterase an enzyme that hydrolyses acetylcholine (into choline and acetic acid) coagulase an enzyme that induces coagulation collagenase any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of collagen and gelatin complement one of a series of enzymes in the blood serum that are part of the immune response TNF, tumor necrosis factor, tumour necrosis factor a proinflammatory cytokine that is produced by white blood cells (monocytes and macrophages); has an antineoplastic effect but causes inflammation (as in rheumatoid arthritis) catalase enzyme found in most plant and animal cells that functions as an oxidative catalyst; decomposes hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water Cox, cyclooxygenase either of two related enzymes that control the production of prostaglandins and are blocked by aspirin decarboxylase any of the enzymes that hydrolize the carboxyl group de-iodinase an enzyme that removes the iodine radical disaccharidase an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of disaccharides into monosaccharides elastase a pancreatic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of elastin enterokinase enzyme in the intestinal juice that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin glycoprotein a conjugated protein having a carbohydrate component haemoprotein, hemoprotein a conjugated protein linked to a compound of iron and porphyrin histaminase enzyme that acts as a catalyst in converting histidine to histamine Hyazyme, hyaluronidase, spreading factor an enzyme (trade name Hyazyme) that splits hyaluronic acid and so lowers its viscosity and increases the permeability of connective tissue and the absorption of fluids thyroprotein a preparation made from iodinated protein and having an action similar to thyroxine thyroglobulin an iodine containing protein that is obtained from the thyroid gland and exhibits the general properties of the globulins isomerase an enzyme that catalyzes its substrate to an isomeric form kinase an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a proenzyme to an active enzyme lipase an enzyme secreted in the digestive tract that catalyzes the breakdown of fats into individual fatty acids that can be absorbed into the bloodstream lipoprotein a conjugated protein having a lipid component; the principal means for transporting lipids in the blood lymphokine a cytokine secreted by helper T cells in response to stimulation by antigens and that acts on other cells of the immune system (as by activating macrophages) lysozyme, muramidase an enzyme found in saliva and sweat and tears that destroys the cell walls of certain bacteria MAO, monoamine oxidase an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of many body compounds (e.g., epinephrine and norepinephrine and serotonin) nitrogenase an enzyme of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms that catalyzes the conversion of nitrogen to ammonia nuclease general term for enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleic acid by cleaving chains of nucleotides into smaller units oxidase any of the enzymes that catalyze biological oxidation oxidoreductase an enzyme that catalyzes oxidation-reduction papain a proteolytic enzyme obtained from the unripe papaya; used as a meat tenderizer beta-lactamase, penicillinase enzyme produced by certain bacteria that inactivates penicillin and results in resistance to that antibiotic pepsin an enzyme produced in the stomach that splits proteins into peptones pepsinogen precursor of pepsin; stored in the stomach walls and converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid in the stomach phosphatase any of a group of enzymes that act as a catalyst in the hydrolysis of organic phosphates fibrinolysin, plasmin an enzyme that dissolves the fibrin of blood clots polymerase an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of new DNA and RNA from an existing strand of DNA or RNA peptidase, protease, proteinase, proteolytic enzyme any enzyme that catalyzes the splitting of proteins into smaller peptide fractions and amino acids by a process known as proteolysis reductase an enzyme that catalyses the biochemical reduction of some specified substance chymosin, rennin an enzyme that occurs in gastric juice; causes milk to coagulate secretase a set of enzymes believed to snip pieces off a longer protein producing fragments of amyloid protein that bunch up and create amyloid protein plaques in brain tissue (the pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's) globulin a family of proteins found in blood and milk and muscle and in plant seed gamma globulin, human gamma globulin a plasma protein containing the immunoglobulins that are responsible for immune responses clotting factor, coagulation factor any of the factors in the blood whose actions are essential for blood coagulation globin, haematohiston, hematohiston a colorless protein obtained by removing heme from hemoglobin; the oxygen carrying compound in red blood cells glutelin a simple protein found in the seeds of cereals histone a simple protein containing mainly basic amino acids; present in cell nuclei in association with nucleic acids prolamine a simple protein found in plants protamine a simple protein found in fish sperm; rich in arginine; simpler in composition than globulin or albumin; counteracts the anticoagulant effect of heparin albuminoid, scleroprotein a simple protein found in horny and cartilaginous tissues and in the lens of the eye autoantibody an antibody acting against tissues of the organism that produces it precipitin an antibody that causes precipitation when it unites with its antigen ABO antibodies blood type antibodies Rh antibody rhesus factor antibody antitoxin an antibody that can neutralize a specific toxin agglutinin an antibody that causes agglutination of a specific antigen Forssman antibody, heterophil antibody, heterophile antibody an antibody found in the blood of someone suffering from infectious mononucleosis alloantibody, isoantibody an antibody that occurs naturally against foreign tissues from a person of the same species monoclonal, monoclonal antibody any of a class of antibodies produced in the laboratory by a single clone of cells or a cell line and consisting of identical antibody molecules opsonin an antibody in blood serum that attaches to invading microorganisms and other antigens to make them more susceptible to the action of phagocytes Ig, immune gamma globulin, immune globulin, immune serum globulin, immunoglobulin a class of proteins produced in lymph tissue in vertebrates and that function as antibodies in the immune response streptodornase an enzyme produced by some hemolytic strains of streptococcus that dissolves fibrinous secretions from infections; used medicinally (often in combination with streptokinase) streptokinase an enzyme produced by some strains of streptococcus that can liquefy blood clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin; used medicinally in some cases of myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism SOD, superoxide dismutase an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen telomerase an enzyme in eukaryotic cells that can add telomeres to the ends of chromosomes after they divide transferase any of various enzymes that move a chemical group from one compound to another compound trypsin an enzyme of pancreatic origin; catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins to smaller polypeptide units urease an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia; is present in intestinal bacteria zymase a complex of enzymes that cause glycolysis; originally found in yeast but also present in higher organisms macromolecule, supermolecule any very large complex molecule; found only in plants and animals
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