| 单词 | action |
| 释义 | action (once / 34 pages) 1nv 2nv 3n 4n An action is a thing that is done, and not merely thought or spoken about. Possible actions could range from blinking to invading a country. Action comes from agere, the Latin verb meaning "to do." Legal action is the initiation of a lawsuit to demand your rights. In war, a soldier working in the kitchen is on cooking duty, while the soldier on the frontline sees a lot of action. Action movies are so called because they are full of fast-paced sequences. If you are sitting on your couch, mulling over your lack of exercise, maybe it's time to take action. WORD FAMILYaction: actionable, actioned, actions, inaction+/act: actable, acted, acting, action, active, actor, actress, acts, actuate, counteract, enact, interact, overact, underact/actable: unactable/acting: actings, self-acting/activate: activated, activates, activating, activation, activator, deactivate, reactivate/activating: self-activating/activation: activations/activator: activators/active: activate, actively, activeness, activer, actives, activest, activity, hyperactive, inactive, overactive, underactive/activity: activities/actor: actors/actress: actresses/actuate: actuated, actuates, actuating, actuation, actuator/actuator: actuators/counteract: counteracted, counteracting, counteraction, counteractive, counteracts/counteraction: counteractions/deactivate: deactivated, deactivates, deactivating, deactivation/enact: enacted, enacting, enactment, enacts, reenact/enactment: enactments/hyperactive: hyperactively, hyperactivity/inaction: inactions/inactivate: inactivated, inactivates, inactivating, inactivation/inactive: inactivate, inactively, inactiveness, inactivity/inactivity: inactivities/interact: interacted, interacting, interaction, interactive, interacts/interaction: interactional, interactions/interactive: interactively/overact: overacted, overacting, overacts/overacting: overactings/overactive: overactivity/reactivate: reactivated, reactivates, reactivating/reenact: reenacted, reenacting, reenactment, reenacts/reenactment: reenactments/underact: underacted, underacting, underacts USAGE EXAMPLESThe zoning changes proposed along the trolley will allow relatively intense commercial and residential development there, which fits with the city’s climate action plan. Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016) Sun spent much of his life not in the thick of action but abroad. Economist(Nov 03, 2016) Fragmentation caused by government action would be less of a concern if other factors were not also pushing in the same direction. Economist(Nov 03, 2016) 1 1n something done (usually as opposed to something said) there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions Exp|Hypo|Hyper Creation (theology) God's act of bringing the universe into existence Secessionthe withdrawal of eleven southern states from the Union in 1860 which precipitated the American Civil War Berlin airliftairlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin final solutionthe mass murder of Jews under the German Nazi regime from 1941 until 1945 Alamoa siege and massacre at a mission in San Antonio in 1836; Mexican forces under Santa Anna besieged and massacred American rebels who were fighting to make Texas independent of Mexico Battle of the Little Bighorna battle in Montana near the Little Bighorn River between United States cavalry under Custer and several groups of Native Americans (1876); Custer was pursuing Sioux led by Sitting Bull; Custer underestimated the size of the Sioux forces (which were supported by Cheyenne warriors) and was killed along with all his command thing an action benignity, kindnessa kind act accomplishment, achievementthe action of accomplishing something alienationthe action of alienating; the action of causing to become unfriendly applicationthe action of putting something into operation res gestaethings done course, course of actiona mode of action interactiona mutual or reciprocal action; interacting fetchthe action of fetching playingthe action of taking part in a game or sport or other recreation play, swordplaythe act using a sword (or other weapon) vigorously and skillfully arrivalthe act of arriving at a certain place carrying into action, carrying out, execution, performancethe act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it choice, option, pick, selectionthe act of choosing or selecting changethe action of changing something economy, savingan act of economizing; reduction in cost forbiddance, inhibition, prohibitionthe action of prohibiting or inhibiting or forbidding (or an instance thereof) opposition, resistancethe action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with bruxisminvoluntarily or unconsciously clenching or grinding the teeth, typically during sleep transfusionthe action of pouring a liquid from one vessel to another pickings, takingthe act of someone who picks up or takes something transgressionthe action of going beyond or overstepping some boundary or limit aggression, hostilityviolent action that is hostile and usually unprovoked destabilisation, destabilizationthe action of destabilizing; making something less stable (especially of a government or country or economy) employment, engagementthe act of giving someone a job civility, politenessthe act of showing regard for others reverencean act showing respect (especially a bow or curtsy) consultation, referencethe act of referring or consulting accenting, accentuation, emphasizingthe act of giving special importance or significance to something beatificationthe action of rendering supremely blessed and extremely happy jump-start, jumpstartstarting an automobile engine that has a weak battery by means of jumper cables to another car stupefactionthe action of stupefying; making dull or lethargic vampirismthe actions or practices of a vampire beachhead, footholdan initial accomplishment that opens the way for further developments cakewalkan easy accomplishment effort, exploit, feata notable achievement masterpiecean outstanding achievement masterstrokean achievement demonstrating great skill or mastery creditused in the phrase `to your credit' in order to indicate an achievement deserving praise blind alley(figurative) a course of action that is unproductive and offers no hope of improvement collision coursea course of action (following a given idea) that will lead to conflict if it continues unabated interplayreciprocal action and reaction contactclose interaction give-and-take, interchange, reciprocationmutual interaction; the activity of reciprocating or exchanging (especially information) bowlingthe playing of a game of tenpins or duckpins etc performanceany recognized accomplishment record, track recordthe sum of recognized accomplishments accomplished fact, fait accomplian irreversible accomplishment going, sleddingadvancing toward a goal arrival, reachingaccomplishment of an objective entering, entrance, entry, incoming, ingressthe act of entering entailthe act of entailing property; the creation of a fee tail from a fee simple appearancethe act of appearing in public view homecoming, returna coming to or returning home anchoragethe act of anchoring dockage, docking, moorage, tying upthe act of securing an arriving vessel with ropes landingthe act of coming to land after a voyage landingthe act of coming down to the earth (or other surface) close call, close shave, narrow escape, squeak, squeakersomething achieved (or escaped) by a narrow margin attainmentthe act of achieving an aim freeing, liberation, releasethe act of liberating someone or something specific performancethe performance of a legal contract as specified by its terms linguistic performance(linguistics) a speaker's actual use of language in real situations; what the speaker actually says, including grammatical errors and other non-linguistic features such as hesitations and other disfluencies (contrasted with linguistic competence) mechanics, mechanismthe technical aspects of doing something catching(baseball) playing the position of catcher on a baseball team golfingplaying golf pitching(baseball) playing the position of pitcher on a baseball team base on balls, pass, walk(baseball) an advance to first base by a batter who receives four balls check-inthe act of reporting your presence (as at an airport or a hotel) castingthe choice of actors to play particular roles in a play or movie coloration, colourationchoice and use of colors (as by an artist) sampling(statistics) the selection of a suitable sample for study conclusion, decision, determinationthe act of making up your mind about something volition, willingthe act of making a choice about-face, policy change, reversal, volte-facea major change in attitude or principle or point of view adulterationthe act of adulterating (especially the illicit substitution of one substance for another) move, relocationthe act of changing your residence or place of business downshifta change to a lower gear in a car or bicycle downshifta change from a financially rewarding but stressful career to a less well paid but more fulfilling one electionthe act of selecting someone or something; the exercise of deliberate choice ballot, balloting, vote, votinga choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative filtrationthe act of changing a fluid by passing it through a filter reduction, simplificationthe act of reducing complexity curtailment, downsizing, retrenchmentthe reduction of expenditures in order to become financially stable economy of scalethe saving in cost of production that is due to mass production decimalisation, decimalizationthe act of changing to a decimal system metrication, metrificationthe act of changing from imperial units of measurement to metric units: meters, grams, seconds variationthe act of changing or altering something slightly but noticeably from the norm or standard turningact of changing in practice or custom diversification, variegationthe act of introducing variety (especially in investments or in the variety of goods and services offered) fluxin constant change shift, switch, switchingthe act of changing one thing or position for another commutation, exchange, substitutionthe act of putting one thing or person in the place of another: "he sent Smith in for Jones but the substitution came too late to help" promotionact of raising in rank or position demotionact of lowering in rank or position change of statethe act of changing something into something different in essential characteristics adjustment, alteration, modificationthe act of making something different (as e.g. the size of a garment) lockouta management action resisting employee's demands; employees are barred from entering the workplace until they agree to terms reactiondoing something in opposition to another way of doing it that you don't like motion, move, movementthe act of changing location from one place to another movementthe act of changing the location of something motility, motion, move, movementa change of position that does not entail a change of location change of direction, reorientationthe act of changing the direction in which something is oriented change of magnitudethe act of changing the amount or size of something change of integritythe act of changing the unity or wholeness of something conversionthe act of changing from one use or function or purpose to another updatingthe act of changing something to bring it up to date (usually by adding something) change of shapean action that changes the shape of something path, way, way of lifea course of conduct officiationthe performance of a religious or ceremonial or public duty haymakingtaking full advantage of an opportunity while it lasts anti-takeover defenseresistance to or defense against a hostile takeover decantationthe act of gently pouring off a clear liquor (as from its original bottle) without disturbing the lees meat grinderany action resulting in injury or destruction force, violencean act of aggression (as one against a person who resists) pillage, pillaging, plunderingthe act of stealing valuable things from a place satisfactionact of fulfilling a desire or need or appetite nationalisation, nationalizationthe action of rendering national in character communisation, communizationa change from private property to public property owned by the community secularisation, secularizationthe activity of changing something (art or education or society or morality etc.) so it is no longer under the control or influence of religion rolloverthe act of changing the institution that invests your pension plan without incurring a tax penalty fencingthe art or sport of fighting with swords (especially the use of foils or epees or sabres to score points under a set of rules) shape-upa way of hiring longshoremen by the day; applicants gather around a union boss who selects those to be hired call-backthe recall of an employee after a layoff booking, reservationthe act of reserving (a place or passage) or engaging the services of (a person or group) benefaction, benevolencean act intending or showing kindness and good will cupboard lovea show of affection motivated by selfishness favor, favouran act of gracious kindness forgiveness, pardonthe act of excusing a mistake or offense endearmentthe act of showing affection courtesya courteous or respectful or considerate act deference, respecta courteous expression (by word or deed) of esteem or regard devoirformal expression of respect consideration, thoughtfulnessa considerate and thoughtful act face saver, face savingan act that avoids a loss of face (of dignity or prestige) enlisting, recruitmentthe act of getting recruits; enlisting people for the army (or for a job or a cause etc.) smooththe act of smoothing bow, bowing, obeisancebending the head or body or knee as a sign of reverence or submission or shame or greeting curtsey, curtsybending the knees; a gesture of respect made by women act, deed, human action, human activity something that people do or cause to happen 2n the state of being active he is out of action Syn|Ant|Hypo|Hyper activeness, activity inaction, inactiveness, inactivity the state of being inactive agency the state of being in action or exerting power busyness, humthe state of being or appearing to be actively engaged in an activity behavior, behaviourthe action or reaction of something (as a machine or substance) under specified circumstances eructation, eruption, extravasation(of volcanos) pouring out fumes or lava (or a deposit so formed) operationthe state of being in effect or being operative overdrivethe state of high or excessive activity or productivity or concentration playa state in which action is feasible swinga state of steady vigorous action that is characteristic of an activity Frankensteinan agency that escapes control and destroys its creator commissionthe state of being in good working order and ready for operation runningthe state of being in operation idlethe state of an engine or other mechanism that is idling state the way something is with respect to its main attributes 3n the trait of being active and energetic and forceful a man of action Hyper drive the trait of being highly motivated 4n a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) the action of natural forces Syn|Hypo|Hyper activity, natural action, natural process radiation the spread of a group of organisms into new habitats absorption(physics) the process in which incident radiated energy is retained without reflection or transmission on passing through a medium acidificationthe process of becoming acid or being converted into an acid adiabatic process(thermodynamics) any process that occurs without gain or loss of heat aerationthe process of exposing to air (so as to purify) antiredepositionthe process of preventing redeposition captureany process in which an atomic or nuclear system acquires an additional particle capturea process whereby a star or planet holds an object in its gravitational field centrifugationthe process of separating substances of different densities by the use of a centrifuge chemical action, chemical change, chemical process(chemistry) any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved chromatographya process used for separating mixtures by virtue of differences in absorbency concretionthe formation of stonelike objects within a body organ (e.g., the kidneys) condensationthe process of changing from a gaseous to a liquid or solid state convection(meteorology) the vertical movement of heat or other properties by massive motion within the atmosphere clotting, coagulation, curdlingthe process of forming semisolid lumps in a liquid decaythe process of gradually becoming inferior demagnetisation, demagnetizationthe process of removing magnetization desorptionchanging from an adsorbed state on a surface to a gaseous or liquid state diffusion(physics) the process in which there is movement of a substance from an area of high concentration of that substance to an area of lower concentration disintegration, dissolutionseparation into component parts distillation, distillmentthe process of purifying a liquid by boiling it and condensing its vapors driftthe gradual departure from an intended course due to external influences (as a ship or plane) effervescencethe process of bubbling as gas escapes cataphoresis, dielectrolysis, electrophoresis, ionophoresisthe motion of charged particles in a colloid under the influence of an electric field; particles with a positive charge go to the cathode and negative to the anode ecesis, establishment(ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat extinctionthe reduction of the intensity of radiation as a consequence of absorption and radiation extractionthe process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means feedbackthe process in which part of the output of a system is returned to its input in order to regulate its further output filtrationthe process whereby fluids pass through a filter or a filtering medium flocculationthe process of flocculating; forming woolly cloudlike aggregations flowany uninterrupted stream or discharge formationnatural process that causes something to form fossilisation, fossilizationthe process of fossilizing a plant or animal that existed in some earlier age; the process of being turned to stone geologic process, geological process(geology) a natural process whereby geological features are modified curing, hardening, set, solidification, solidifyingthe process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization inactivationthe process of rendering inactive ion exchangea process in which ions are exchanged between a solution and an insoluble (usually resinous) solid; widely used in industrial processing ionisation, ionizationthe process of ionizing; the formation of ions by separating atoms or molecules or radicals or by adding or subtracting electrons from atoms by strong electric fields in a gas leach, leachingthe process of leaching magnetic induction, magnetisation, magnetizationthe process that makes a substance magnetic (temporarily or permanently) materialisation, materializationthe process of coming into being; becoming reality nuclear reaction(physics) a process that alters the energy or structure or composition of atomic nuclei opacificationthe process of becoming cloudy or opaque oscillationthe process of oscillating between states oxygenationthe process of providing or combining or treating with oxygen pair creation, pair formation, pair productionthe transformation of a gamma-ray photon into an electron and a positron when the photon passes close to an atomic nucleus phase change, phase transition, physical change, state changea change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition precession of the equinoxesa slow westward shift of the equinoxes along the plane of the ecliptic caused by precession of the Earth's axis of rotation releasea process that liberates or discharges something saltation(geology) the leaping movement of sand or soil particles as they are transported in a fluid medium over an uneven surface scatteringthe physical process in which particles are deflected haphazardly as a result of collisions sericultureraising silkworms in order to obtain raw silk sink(technology) a process that acts to absorb or remove energy or a substance from a system soak, soakage, soakingthe process of becoming softened and saturated as a consequence of being immersed in water (or other liquid) softeningthe process of becoming softer sorptionthe process in which one substance takes up or holds another (by either absorption or adsorption) source(technology) a process by which energy or a substance enters a system rigidification, rigidifying, stiffeningthe process of becoming stiff or rigid stimulation(physiology) the effect of a stimulus (on nerves or organs etc.) ecological succession, succession(ecology) the gradual and orderly process of change in an ecosystem brought about by the progressive replacement of one community by another until a stable climax is established natural selection, selection, survival, survival of the fittesta natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment synergism, synergythe working together of two things (muscles or drugs for example) to produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects temperature changea process whereby the degree of hotness of a body (or medium) changes transductionthe process whereby a transducer accepts energy in one form and gives back related energy in a different form transpirationthe passage of gases through fine tubes because of differences in pressure or temperature vitrificationthe process of becoming vitreous heat sinka metal conductor specially designed to conduct (and radiate) heat adaptive radiationthe development of many different forms from an originally homogeneous group of organisms as they fill different ecological niches airstream, backwash, race, slipstream, washthe flow of air that is driven backwards by an aircraft propeller turbulent flowflow in which the velocity at any point varies erratically streamline flowflow of a gas or liquid in which the velocity at any point is relatively steady absorption, soaking up(chemistry) a process in which one substance permeates another; a fluid permeates or is dissolved by a liquid or solid activationstimulation of activity in an organism or chemical acylationthe process of introducing an acyl group into a compound adsorption, surface assimilationthe accumulation of molecules of a gas to form a thin film on the surface of a solid advection(meteorology) the horizontal transfer of heat or other atmospheric properties agglutinating activity, agglutinationthe coalescing of small particles that are suspended in solution; these larger masses are then (usually) precipitated alluviongradual formation of new land, by recession of the sea or deposit of sediment amylolysisconversion of starch to sugar association(chemistry) any process of combination (especially in solution) that depends on relatively weak chemical bonding blood clotting, blood coagulationa process in which liquid blood is changed into a semisolid mass (a blood clot) blueing, bluinga process that makes something blue (or bluish) calcificationa process that impregnates something with calcium (or calcium salts) catalysis, contact actionacceleration of a chemical reaction induced the presence of material that is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction caries, cavity, dental caries, tooth decaysoft decayed area in a tooth; progressive decay can lead to the death of a tooth chain reactiona self-sustaining nuclear reaction; a series of nuclear fissions in which neutrons released by splitting one atom leads to the splitting of others chelationthe process of forming a ring by forming one or more hydrogen bonds chemical reaction, reaction(chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others chlorinationthe addition or substitution of chlorine in organic compounds cleavagethe breaking of a chemical bond in a molecule resulting in smaller molecules climate change, global climate changea change in the world's climate column chromatographychromatography that uses selective adsorption by a column of powders congealment, congelationthe process of congealing; solidification by (or as if by) freezing convectionthe transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas) caused by molecular motion chilling, cooling, temperature reductionthe process of becoming cooler; a falling temperature corroding, corrosion, erosionerosion by chemical action corruptiondecay of matter (as by rot or oxidation) crackingthe process whereby heavy molecules of naphtha or petroleum are broken down into hydrocarbons of lower molecular weight (especially in the oil-refining process) deamination, deaminizationremoval of the amino radical from an amino acid or other amino compound decalcificationloss of calcium from bones or teeth decarboxylationthe process of removing a carboxyl group from a chemical compound (usually replacing it with hydrogen) decay, disintegration, radioactive decaythe spontaneous disintegration of a radioactive substance along with the emission of ionizing radiation decoction(pharmacology) the extraction of water-soluble drug substances by boiling decomposition, putrefaction, rot, rotting(biology) the process of decay caused by bacterial or fungal action degaussingthe process of making a (steel) ship's hull nonmagnetic by producing an opposing magnetic field dehydration, desiccation, drying up, evaporationthe process of extracting moisture de-iodinationthe removal of iodine atoms from organic compounds demineralisation, demineralizationthe removal of minerals and mineral salts from a liquid (especially from water) desalination, desalinisation, desalinizationthe removal of salt (especially from sea water) desertificationthe gradual transformation of habitable land into desert; is usually caused by climate change or by destructive use of the land diastrophismthe process of deformation that produces continents and ocean basins in the earth's crust digestionthe process of decomposing organic matter (as in sewage) by bacteria or by chemical action or heat dilapidation, ruinthe process of becoming dilapidated dissociation(chemistry) the temporary or reversible process in which a molecule or ion is broken down into smaller molecules or ions elutionthe process of extracting one material from another by washing with a solvent to remove adsorbed material from an adsorbent (as in washing of loaded ion-exchange resins to remove captured ions); used to obtain uranium ions emissionthe release of electrons from parent atoms endoergic reactiona nuclear reaction occurring with absorption of energy eating away, eroding, erosion, wearing, wearing away(geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it) exoergic reactiona nuclear reaction accompanied by the evolution of energy fibrinolysisa normal ongoing process that dissolves fibrin and results in the removal of small blood clots fillingflow into something (as a container) fission, nuclear fissiona nuclear reaction in which a massive nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy flowagegradual internal motion or deformation of a solid body (as by heat) fold, foldinga geological process that causes a bend in a stratum of rock freeze, freezingthe withdrawal of heat to change something from a liquid to a solid fusion, nuclear fusion, nuclear fusion reactiona nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy galvanisation, galvanizationstimulation with a galvanic current gasificationthe process of changing into gas gassingthe process of interacting with gas glaciationthe process of covering the earth with glaciers or masses of ice heating, warmingthe process of becoming warmer; a rising temperature hydrogenationa chemical process that adds hydrogen atoms to an unsaturated oil immunoelectrophoresiselectrophoresis to separate antigens and antibodies encrustation, incrustationthe formation of a crust inflow, influxthe process of flowing in infusionthe process of extracting certain active properties (as a drug from a plant) by steeping or soaking (usually in water) intrusionthe forcing of molten rock into fissures or between strata of an earlier rock formation intumescence, intumescency, swellingthe increase in volume of certain substances when they are heated (often accompanied by release of water) inversiona chemical process in which the direction of optical rotation of a substance is reversed from dextrorotatory to levorotary or vice versa iodinationthe substitution or addition of iodine atoms in organic compounds leeway(of a ship or plane) sideways drift libration(astronomy) a real or apparent slow oscillation of a moon or satellite liquefactionthe conversion of a solid or a gas into a liquid lysis(biochemistry) dissolution or destruction of cells such as blood cells or bacteria macerationsoftening due to soaking or steeping chemical mechanism, mechanismthe atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction metamorphismchange in the structure of rock by natural agencies such as pressure or heat or introduction of new chemical substances microphoningthe transduction of sound waves into electrical waves (by a microphone) beneficiation, mineral dressing, mineral extraction, mineral processing, ore dressing, ore processingcrushing and separating ore into valuable substances or waste by any of a variety of techniques negative feedbackfeedback in opposite phase with (decreasing) the input nitrificationthe chemical process in which a nitro group is added to an organic compound (or substituted for another group in an organic compound) orogenythe process of mountain formation (especially by the upward displacement of the earth's crust) osmosis(biology, chemistry) diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal effluence, efflux, outflowthe process of flowing out paper chromatographychromatography that uses selective adsorption on a strip of paper carrier electrophoresis, paper electrophoresiselectrophoresis carried out on filter paper peptisation, peptizationthe process of converting to a sol; bringing to a colloidal solution infiltration, percolationthe slow passage of a liquid through a filtering medium permeation, pervasion, suffusionthe process of permeating or infusing something with a substance petrifaction, petrificationthe process of turning some plant material into stone by infiltration with water carrying mineral particles without changing the original shape photosynthesissynthesis of compounds with the aid of radiant energy (especially in plants) polymerisation, polymerizationa chemical process that combines several monomers to form a polymer or polymeric compound positive feedback, regenerationfeedback in phase with (augmenting) the input potentiation(medicine) the synergistic effect of two drugs given simultaneously precipitationthe process of forming a chemical precipitate proteolysisthe hydrolysis of proteins into peptides and amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds pyrochemical process, pyrochemistryprocesses for chemical reactions at high temperatures reticulation(photography) the formation of a network of cracks or wrinkles in a photographic emulsion rigor mortismuscular stiffening that begins 2 to 4 hours after death and lasts for about 4 days sequestrationthe action of forming a chelate or other stable compound with an ion or atom or molecule so that it is no longer available for reactions originthe source of something's existence or from which it derives or is derived spallation(physics) a nuclear reaction in which a bombarded nucleus breaks up into many particles spoilage, spoilingthe process of becoming spoiled stratificationforming or depositing in layers subductiona geological process in which one edge of a crustal plate is forced sideways and downward into the mantle below another plate synaeresis, syneresisthe separation of liquid from a gel that is caused by contraction (as in cheese making) synthesisthe process of producing a chemical compound (usually by the union of simpler chemical compounds) melt, melting, thaw, thawingthe process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid thermocoagulationcongealing tissue by heat (as by electric current) transaminationthe process of transfering an amino group from one compound to another transaminationthe process of transposing an amino group within a chemical compound transportan exchange of molecules (and their kinetic energy and momentum) across the boundary between adjacent layers of a fluid or across cell membranes ultracentrifugationcentrifugation at very high speeds evaporation, vapor, vaporisation, vaporization, vapourthe process of becoming a vapor ferment, fermentation, fermenting, zymolysis, zymosisa process in which an agent causes an organic substance to break down into simpler substances; especially, the anaerobic breakdown of sugar into alcohol physical process, process a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states 5n the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field the action is no longer in technology stocks but in municipal bonds gawkers always try to get as close to the action as possible Hyper work activity directed toward making or doing something 6n a military engagement he saw action in Korea Syn|Exp|Hypo|Hyper military action Actium the naval battle in which Antony and Cleopatra were defeated by Octavian's fleet under Agrippa in 31 BC Aegadean Islesislands west of Sicily (now known as the Egadi Islands) where the Romans won a naval victory over the Carthaginians that ended the first Punic War in 241 BC Aegospotamosa river in ancient Thrace (now Turkey); in the mouth of this river the Spartan fleet under Lysander destroyed the Athenian fleet in the final battle of the Peloponnesian War (404 BC) Agincourta battle in northern France in which English longbowmen under Henry V decisively defeated a much larger French army in 1415 Alamoa siege and massacre at a mission in San Antonio in 1836; Mexican forces under Santa Anna besieged and massacred American rebels who were fighting to make Texas independent of Mexico battle of Atlantaa siege in which Federal troops under Sherman cut off the railroads supplying the city and then burned it; 1864 battle of Austerlitza decisive battle during the Napoleonic campaigns (1805); the French under Napoleon defeated the Russian armies of Czar Alexander I and the Austrian armies of Emperor Francis II Bannockburna battle in which the Scots under Robert the Bruce defeated the English and assured the independence of Scotland Corregidorthe peninsula and island in the Philippines where Japanese forces besieged American forces in World War II; United States forces surrendered in 1942 and recaptured the area in 1945 Battle of Britainthe prolonged bombardment of British cities by the German Luftwaffe during World War II and the aerial combat that accompanied it Battle of Kerbalaa battle in 680 in which the grandson of Mohammed and his followers were killed Battle of the Ardennes Bulgea battle during World War II; in December 1944 von Rundstedt launched a powerful counteroffensive in the forest at Ardennes and caught the Allies by surprise Battle of the Marnea World War I battle in northwestern France where the Allies defeated the Germans in 1918 battle of the Bismarck Seaa naval battle in World War II; Allied land-based bombers destroyed a Japanese convoy in the Bismarck Sea in March 1943 Blenheimthe First Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy defeated the French in 1704 during the War of the Spanish Succession BorodinoNapoleon defeated the Russians in 1812 in a pitched battle at a village in western Russia west of Moscow, but irreparably weakened his army Bosworth Fieldthe battle that ended the Wars of the Roses (1485); Richard III was killed and Henry Tudor was crowned as Henry VII Bouvinesin 1214 the French under Philip Augustus defeated a coalition formed against him in one of the greatest battles of the middle ages battle of Boynea battle in the War of the Grand Alliance in Ireland in 1690; William III defeated the deposed James II and so ended the Catholicism that had been reintroduced in England by the Stuarts battle of Brunanburha battle in 937 when Athelstan defeated the Scots Buena Vistaa pitched battle in the Mexican War in 1847; United States forces under Zachary Taylor defeated the Mexican forces under Santa Anna at a locality in northern Mexico Battle of Bull Runeither of two battles during the American Civil War (1861 and 1862); Confederate forces defeated the Federal army in both battles battle of Bunker Hillthe first important battle of the American War of Independence (1775) which was fought at Breed's Hill; the British defeated the colonial forces Cannaeancient city is southeastern Italy where Hannibal defeated the Romans in 216 BC battle of Caporettobattle of World War I (1917); Italians were defeated by the Austrian and German forces Caudine Forksa battle in the Apennines in 321 BC in which the Samnites defeated the Romans Chaeroneaa battle in which Philip II of Macedon defeated the Athenians and Thebans (338 BC) and also Sulla defeated Mithridates (86 BC) Chalons-sur-Marnethe battle in which Attila the Hun was defeated by the Romans and Visigoths in 451 Chancellorsvillea major battle in the American Civil War (1863); the Confederates under Robert E. Lee defeated the Union forces under Joseph Hooker Chapultepeca pitched battle in the Mexican War that resulted in a major victory for American forces over Mexican forces at a locality south of Mexico City (1847) battle of Chattanoogain the American Civil War (1863) the Union armies of Hooker, Thomas, and Sherman under the command of Ulysses S. Grant won a decisive victory over the Confederate Army under Braxton Bragg battle of Chickamaugaa Confederate victory in the American Civil War (1863); Confederate forces under Braxton Bragg defeated Union forces Chino-Japanese Wara war between China and Japan (1894 and 1895) over the control of the Korean Peninsula; China was overwhelmingly defeated at Port Arthur battle of the Coral Seaa Japanese defeat in World War II (May 1942); the first naval battle fought entirely by planes based on aircraft carriers battle of Cowpensbattle in the American Revolution; Americans under Daniel Morgan defeated the British battle of Crecythe first decisive battle of the Hundred Years' War; in 1346 the English under Edward III defeated the French under Philip of Valois battle of Cunaxabattle in 401 BC when the Artaxerxes II defeated his younger brother who tried to usurp the throne battle of Cynoscephalaethe battle that ended the second Macedonian War (197 BC); the Romans defeated Philip V who lost his control of Greece Dien Bien Phuthe French military base fell after a siege by Vietnam troops that lasted 56 days; ended the involvement of France in Indochina in 1954 Droghedain 1649 the place was captured by Oliver Cromwell, who massacred the Catholic inhabitants Battle of El Alameina pitched battle in World War II (1942) resulting in a decisive Allied victory by British troops under Montgomery over German troops under Rommel Battle of Flodden Fielda battle in 1513; the English defeated the invading Scots and James IV was killed Battle of Fontenoya battle in 1745 in which the French army under Marshal Saxe defeated the English army and their allies under the duke of Cumberland Fort Ticonderogaa pitched battle in which American revolutionary troops captured Fort Ticonderoga from the British in 1775 Battle of Fredericksburgan important battle in the American Civil War (1862); the Union Army under A. E. Burnside was defeated by the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee Battle of Gettysburga battle of the American Civil War (1863); the defeat of Robert E. Lee's invading Confederate Army was a major victory for the Union Battle of Granicus Riverthe battle in which Alexander won his first major victory against the Persians (334 BC) Battle of Guadalcanala battle in World War II in the Pacific (1942-1943); the island was occupied by the Japanese and later recaptured by American forces Hampton Roadsa naval battle of the American Civil War (1862); the indecisive battle between the Monitor and the Merrimac battle of Hastingsthe decisive battle in which William the Conqueror (duke of Normandy) defeated the Saxons under Harold II (1066) and thus left England open for the Norman Conquest battle of Hohenlindena battle during the Napoleonic Wars (1800); the French defeated the Austrians battle of Ipsusa battle between the successors of Alexander the Great (301 BC); Lysimachus and Seleucus defeated Antigonus and Demetrius battle of Issusa battle (333 BC) in which Alexander the Great defeated the Persians under Darius III Ivry la Bataillea battle (1590) in which the Huguenots under Henry IV defeated the Catholics under the duke of Mayenne Battle of Jenathe battle in 1806 in which Napoleon decisively defeated the Prussians battle of Jutlandan indecisive naval battle in World War I (1916); fought between the British and German fleets off the northwestern coast of Denmark Kennesaw Mountainbattle of the American Civil War (1864); Union forces under William Tecumseh Sherman were repulsed by Confederate troops under Joseph Eggleston Johnston Battle of Lake Trasimenusa battle in 217 BC in which Hannibal ambushed a Roman army led by Flaminius battle of Langside(1568) Catholic forces supporting Mary Queen of Scots were routed by Protestants Battle of LepantoTurkish sea power was destroyed in 1571 by a league of Christian nations organized by the Pope battle of LeuctraThebes defeated Sparta in 371 BC; the battle ended Sparta's military supremacy in Greece Lexington and Concordthe first battle of the American Revolution (April 19, 1775) Lucknowthe British residents of Lucknow were besieged by Indian insurgents during the Indian Mutiny (1857) battle of Lule Burgasthe principal battle of the Balkan Wars (1912); Bulgarian forces defeated the Turks battle of Lutzena battle in the Thirty Years' War (1632); Swedes under Gustavus Adolphus defeated the Holy Roman Empire under Wallenstein; Gustavus Adolphus was killed Macedonian Warone the four wars between Macedonia and Rome in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, which ended in the defeat of Macedonia and its annexation as a Roman province Battle of Magentaa battle in 1859 in which the French and Sardinian forces under Napoleon III defeated the Austrians under Francis Joseph I Battle of Maldona battle in which the Danes defeated the Saxons in 991; celebrated in an old English poem Manila Baya naval battle in the Spanish-American War (1898); the American fleet under Admiral Dewey defeated the Spanish fleet Mantineiathe site of three famous battles among Greek city-states: in 418 BC and 362 BC and 207 BC battle of Marathona battle in 490 BC in which the Athenians and their allies defeated the Persians Marengoa battle in 1800 in which the French under Napoleon Bonaparte won a great victory over the Austrians battle of Marston Moora battle in 1644 in which the Parliamentarians under the earl of Manchester defeated the Royalists under Prince Rupert Metaurus Rivera battle during the second Punic War (207 BC); Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal was defeated by the Romans which ended Hannibal's hopes for success in Italy Battle of Midwaynaval battle of World War II (June 1942); American planes based on land and on carriers decisively defeated a Japanese fleet on its way to invade the Midway Islands battle of Mindena battle in the Seven Years' War (1759) in which the English forces and their allies defeated the French Battle of Monmouth Court Housea pitched battle in New Jersey during the American Revolution (1778) that ended with the withdrawal of British forces Battle of Nasebya battle in 1645 that settled the outcome of the first English Civil War as the Parliamentarians won a major victory over the Royalists battle of Navarinoa decisive naval battle in the War of Greek Independence (1827); the Turkish and Egyptian fleet was defeated by an allied fleet of British and French and Russian warships battle of Omdurmana battle (1898) in which an English and Egyptian army under Kitchener defeated the Sudanese siege of Orleansa long siege of Orleans by the English was relieved by Joan of Arc in 1429 battle of Panipatbattle in which the ruler of Afghanistan defeated the Mahrattas in 1761 Cape Passeroa naval battle in the Mediterranean Sea off Cape Passero in which the Spanish navy was destroyed by France and England while attempting to recover Sicily and Sardinia from Italy (1719) Petersburg Campaignthe final campaign of the American Civil War (1864-65); Union forces under Grant besieged and finally defeated Confederate forces under Lee battle of PharsalusCaesar defeated Pompey in 48 BC battle of PhilippiOctavian and Mark Antony defeated Brutus and Cassius in 42 BC battle of the Philippine Seaa naval battle in World War II (1944); a decisive naval victory for the United States fleet over the Japanese who were trying to block supplies from reaching American troops on Leyte battle of Plasseythe victory in 1757 by the British under Clive over Siraj-ud-daula that established British supremacy over Bengal battle of Plataeaa defeat of the Persian army by the Greeks at Plataea in 479 BC Pleventhe town was taken from the Turks by the Russians in 1877 after a siege of 143 days battle of Poitiersthe battle in 1356 in which the English under the Black Prince defeated the French Port Arthura battle in the Chino-Japanese War (1894); Japanese captured the port and fortifications from the Chinese Battle of Pueblaa battle in which Mexican forces defeated the French in 1862 Battle of Pydnaa major victory by the Romans over the Macedonians in 168 BC; resulted in the downfall of the ancient Macedonian kingdom Battle of Ravennaa battle between the French and an alliance of Spaniards and Swiss and Venetians in 1512 Battle of Rocroia battle in the Thirty Years' War (1643); the French defeated the Spanish invaders battle of Rossbacha battle in the Seven Years' War (1757); Prussian forces under Frederick the Great defeated the armies of France and Austria battle of St Mihiela battle in the Meuse-Argonne operation in World War I (1918); the battle in which American troops launched their first offensive in France Santiago de Cubaa naval battle in the Spanish-American War (1898); the United States fleet bottled up the Spanish ships in the harbor of Santiago de Cuba and destroyed them when they tried to escape battle of Saratogaa battle during the American Revolution (1777); the British under Burgoyne were defeated battle of Sempatchthe Swiss Confederation escaped Hapsburg domination by their victory in 1386 battle of Pittsburgh Landingthe second great battle of the American Civil War (1862); the battle ended with the withdrawal of Confederate troops but it was not a Union victory battle of the Chemin-des-Damesa battle in World War I (May 1918); the Germans tried to attack before the American numbers were too great to defeat; the tactical success of the Germans proved to be a strategic failure battle of Solferinoan indecisive battle in 1859 between the French and Sardinians under Napoleon III and the Austrians under Francis Joseph I Battle of the Sommebattle in World War I (1916) Battle of the Sommebattle of World War II (1944) Battle of the Spanish Armadain the English Channel a small fleet of British ships successfully defeated the large armada sent from Spain by Philip II to invade England battle of Spotsylvania Courthousea battle between the armies of Grant and Lee during the Wilderness Campaign siege of Syracusethe Athenian siege of Syracuse (415-413 BC) was eventually won by Syracuse siege of Syracusethe Roman siege of Syracuse (214-212 BC) was eventually won by the Romans who sacked the city (killing Archimedes) battle of Tannenberga battle in World War I (1914); decisive German victory over the Russians battle of Tertrya battle in France in 687 among the descendants of Clovis battle of Teutoburger Walda battle in 9 AD in which the Germans under Arminius annihilated three Roman Legions battle of Tewkesburythe final battle of the War of the Roses in 1471 in which Edward IV defeated the Lancastrians battle of Thermopylaea famous battle in 480 BC; a Greek army under Leonidas was annihilated by the Persians who were trying to conquer Greece battle of Trafalgara naval battle in 1805 off the southwest coast of Spain; the French and Spanish fleets were defeated by the English under Nelson (who was mortally wounded) battle of Trasimenoa battle in central Italy where Hannibal defeated the Romans under Flaminius in 217 BC Tsushimaa naval battle in the Russo-Japanese War (1905); the Japanese fleet defeated the Russian fleet in the Korean Strait battle of Valmythe French defeated the Austrian and Prussian troops in 1792 (with a famous cannonade from the French artillery) battle of Verduna battle in World War I (1916); in some of the bloodiest fighting in World War I the German offensive was stopped siege of Vicksburga decisive battle in the American Civil War (1863); after being besieged for nearly seven weeks the Confederates surrendered battle of Wagrama battle in the Napoleonic campaigns (1809); Napoleon defeated the Austrians Battle of Waterloothe battle on 18 June 1815 in which Prussian and British forces under Blucher and the Duke of Wellington routed the French forces under Napoleon Yalu Rivera battle in the Korean War (November 1950); when UN troops advanced north to the Yalu River 200,000 Chinese troops crossed the river and drove them back siege of Yorktownin 1781 the British under Cornwallis surrendered after a siege of three weeks by American and French troops; the surrender ended the American Revolution first battle of Ypresbattle in World War I (1914); heavy but indecisive fighting as the Allies and the Germans both tried to break through the lines of the others second battle of Ypresbattle in World War I (1915); Germans wanted to try chlorine (a toxic yellow gas) as a weapon and succeeded in taking considerable territory from the Allied salient third battle of Ypresbattle in World War I (1917); an Allied offensive which eventually failed because tanks bogged down in the waterlogged soil of Flanders; Germans introduced mustard gas which interfered with the Allied artillery battle of Zamathe battle in 202 BC in which Scipio decisively defeated Hannibal at the end of the second Punic War United States Civil Warcivil war in the United States between the North and the South; 1861-1865 Arab-Israeli Wartension between Arabs and Israeli erupted into a brief war in June 1967; Israel emerged as a major power in the Middle East Arab-Israeli WarEgypt and Syria attacked Israel in October 1973 (on Yom Kippur); Israel counterattacked and drove the Syrians back and crossed the Suez Canal into Egypt Balkan Warstwo wars (1912-1913) that were fought over the last of the European territories of the Ottoman Empire and that left the area around Constantinople (now Istanbul) as the only Ottoman territory in Europe Boer Wareither of two wars: the first when the Boers fought England in order to regain the independence they had given up to obtain British help against the Zulus (1880-1881); the second when the Orange Free State and Transvaal declared war on Britain (1899-1902) Crimean Wara war in Crimea between Russia and a group of nations including England and France and Turkey and Sardinia; 1853-1856 English Civil Warcivil war in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I; 1644-1648 Franco-Prussian Wara war between France and Prussia that ended the Second Empire in France and led to the founding of modern Germany; 1870-1871 French and Indian Wara war in North America between France and Britain (both aided by American Indian tribes); 1755-1760 Hundred Years' Warthe series of wars fought intermittently between France and England; 1337-1453 Iran-Iraq Wara dispute over control of the waterway between Iraq and Iran broke out into open fighting in 1980 and continued until 1988, when they accepted a UN cease-fire resolution Korean Wara war between North and South Korea; South Korea was aided by the United States and other members of the United Nations; 1950-1953 Mexican Warafter disputes over Texas lands that were settled by Mexicans the United States declared war on Mexico in 1846 and by treaty in 1848 took Texas and California and Arizona and New Mexico and Nevada and Utah and part of Colorado and paid Mexico $15,000,000 Napoleonic Warsa series of wars fought between France (led by Napoleon Bonaparte) and alliances involving England and Prussia and Russia and Austria at different times; 1799-1815 Peloponnesian Wara war in which Athens and its allies were defeated by the league centered on Sparta; 431-404 BC Persian Gulf Wara war fought between Iraq and a coalition led by the United States that freed Kuwait from Iraqi invaders; 1990-1991 Punic Warone of the three wars between Carthage and Rome that resulted in the destruction of Carthage and its annexation by Rome; 264-241 BC, 218-201 BC, 149-146 BC Russo-Japanese WarJapanese victory in the war with Russia (1904-1905) gave Japan power over Korea and Manchuria Seven Years' Wara war of England and Prussia against France and Austria (1756-1763); Britain and Prussia got the better of it Spanish-American Wara war between the United States and Spain in 1898 Spanish Civil Warcivil war in Spain in which Franco succeeded in overthrowing the republican government; during the war Spain became a battleground for fascists and socialists from all countries; 1936-1939 Thirty Years' Wara series of conflicts (1618-1648) between Protestants and Catholics starting in Germany and spreading until France and Denmark and Sweden were opposing the Holy Roman Empire and Spain Trojan War(Greek mythology) a great war fought between Greece and Troy; the Greeks sailed to Troy to recover Helen of Troy, the beautiful wife of Menelaus who had been abducted by Paris; after ten years the Greeks (via the Trojan Horse) achieved final victory and burned Troy to the ground Vietnam Wara prolonged war (1954-1975) between the communist armies of North Vietnam who were supported by the Chinese and the armies of South Vietnam who were supported by the United States War of Greek Independencethe Greeks rebelled against Turkish rule in 1821; with the support of England and France and Russia they won independence in 1828 at Navarino (although the country included only half its present size) War of the Austrian SuccessionPrussia and Austria fought over Silesia and most of the rest of Europe took sides; 1740-1748 War of the League of Augsburgan aggressive war waged by Louis XIV against Spain and the Holy Roman Empire and England and Holland and other states (1689-1697) War of the Spanish Successiona general war in Europe (1701-1714) that broke out when Louis XIV installed his grandson on the throne of Spain; England and Holland hoped to limit Louis' power Wars of the Rosesstruggle for the English throne (1455-1485) between the house of York (white rose) and the house of Lancaster (red rose) ending with the accession of the Tudor monarch Henry VII War of 1812a war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France First World Wara war between the allies (Russia, France, British Empire, Italy, United States, Japan, Rumania, Serbia, Belgium, Greece, Portugal, Montenegro) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria) from 1914 to 1918 Second World Wara war between the Allies (Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, India, Iran, Iraq, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Philippines, Poland, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States, USSR, Yugoslavia) and the Axis (Albania, Bulgaria, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Rumania, Slovakia, Thailand) from 1939 to 1945 amphibious landing a military action of coordinated land, sea, and air forces organized for an invasion battle, conflict, engagement, fighta hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war blockade, encirclementa war measure that isolates some area of importance to the enemy defence, defense, defensive measure(military) military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies EW, electronic warfaremilitary action involving the use of electromagnetic energy to determine or exploit or reduce or prevent hostile use of the electromagnetic spectrum police actiona local military action without declaration of war; against violators of international peace and order resistancethe military action of resisting the enemy's advance saber rattling, sabre rattlingthe ostentatious display of military power (with the implied threat that it might be used) sally, sortiea military action in which besieged troops burst forth from their position war, warfarethe waging of armed conflict against an enemy umbrellaa formation of military planes maintained over ground operations or targets limited wara war whose objective is less than the unconditional defeat of the enemy psychological warfare, war of nervesthe use of psychological tactics to destroy the opponents' morale Armageddonany catastrophically destructive battle pitched battlea fierce battle fought in close combat between troops in predetermined positions at a chosen time and place naval battlea pitched battle between naval fleets air defensedefensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles or to nullify their effectiveness standa defensive effort hasty defence, hasty defensea defense organized while in contact with the enemy or when time is limited deliberate defence, deliberate defensea defense organized before contact is made with the enemy and while time for organization is available; usually includes a fortified zone (with pillboxes) and communication systems biodefence, biodefense, biological defence, biological defenseprocedures involved in taking defensive measures against attacks using biological agents chemical defence, chemical defenseprocedures involved in taking defensive measures against attacks using chemical agents minelaying, mininglaying explosive mines in concealed places to destroy enemy personnel and equipment civil wara war between factions in the same country armed combat, combatan engagement fought between two military forces chemical operations, chemical warfarewarfare using chemical agents to kill or injure or incapacitate the enemy BW, bioattack, biologic attack, biological attack, biological warfarethe use of bacteria or viruses or toxins to destroy men and animals or food BW defence, BW defense, biological warfare defence, biological warfare defensedefense against biological warfare dogfightan aerial engagement between fighter planes assaultclose fighting during the culmination of a military attack ECM, electronic countermeasureselectronic warfare undertaken to prevent or reduce an enemy's effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum ECCM, electronic counter-countermeasureselectronic warfare undertaken to insure effective friendly use of the electromagnetic spectrum in spite of the enemy's use of electronic warfare ESM, electronic warfare-support measureselectronic warfare undertaken under direct control of an operational commander to locate sources of radiated electromagnetic energy for the purpose of immediate threat recognition electromagnetic intrusionthe deliberate insertion of electromagnetic energy into transmission paths with the objective of confusing or deceiving operators IW, information warfarethe use of information or information technology during a time of crisis or conflict to achieve or promote specific objectives over a specific adversary or adversaries international jihad, jehad, jihada holy war waged by Muslims against infidels world wara war in which the major nations of the world are involved naval blockadethe interdiction of a nation's lines of communication at sea by the use of naval power beleaguering, besieging, military blockade, siegethe action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack hot waractual fighting between the warring parties group action action taken by a group of people 7v put in effect 2He actioned the operation Syn|Hypo|Hyper accomplish, carry out, carry through, execute, fulfil, fulfill carry out, follow out, follow through, follow up, go through, implement, put through pursue to a conclusion or bring to a successful issue get over to bring (a necessary but unpleasant task) to an end runcarry out consummatemake perfect; bring to perfection consummatefulfill sexually do, performget (something) done complete, discharge, dispatchcomplete or carry out overachieveperform better or achieve a greater degree of success than expected turnaccomplish by rotating underachieve, underperformperform less well or with less success than expected misdodo wrongly or improperly do one's best, give full measure, give one's best, go all outperform a task as well as possible plyapply oneself diligently complete, finish come or bring to a finish or an end effect, effectuate, set upproduce 1n an act by a government body or supranational organization recent federal action undermined the segregationist position the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues the Union action of emancipating Southern slaves Hyper group action action taken by a group of people 2n a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong Syn|Hypo|Hyper action at law, legal action antitrust case a legal action brought against parties who are charged with limiting free competition in the market place civil actionlegal action to protect a private civil right or to compel a civil remedy (as distinguished from criminal prosecution) counterclaima claim filed in opposition to another claim in a legal action custody casea legal action to determine custody (usually of children following a divorce) lis pendensa pending lawsuit criminal prosecution, prosecutionthe institution and conduct of legal proceedings against a defendant for criminal behavior test case, test suita representative legal action whose outcome is likely to become a precedent double jeopardythe prosecution of a defendant for a criminal offense for which he has already been tried; prohibited in the fifth amendment to the United States Constitution legal proceeding, proceeding, proceedings (law) the institution of a sequence of steps by which legal judgments are invoked 3v institute legal proceedings against; file a suit against 3She actioned the company for discrimination Syn|Hypo|Hyper litigate, process, sue litigate engage in legal proceedings expedite process fast and efficiently challenge issue a challenge to n the series of events that form a plot 4his novels always have a lot of action Hyper plot the story that is told in a novel or play or movie etc. n the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism the piano had a very stiff action Syn|Hypo|Hyper action mechanism firing mechanism, gunlock the action that ignites the charge in a firearm movementthe driving and regulating parts of a mechanism (as of a watch or clock) piano actionaction consisting of a system of levers that move a felt hammer to strike the strings when a key is depressed pump action, slide actionaction mechanism in a modern rifle or shotgun; a back and forward motion of a sliding lever ejects the empty shell case and cocks the firearm and loads a new round flintlockan obsolete gunlock that has flint embedded in the hammer; the flint makes a spark that ignites the charge wheel lockan obsolete gunlock using flint and a revolving wheel mechanism device consisting of a piece of machinery; has moving parts that perform some function |
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英语词典包含147318条英英释义在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。