| 单词 | metal |
| 释义 | metal (once / 146 pages) nadjv Metal is a shiny, hard, solid material, such as iron or aluminum. If, when you smile, you flash a brilliant metal grin, it's probably because of your braces. The Greek root metallon originally meant quarry or mine, and later came to also mean metal. Silver jewelry is made of metal, and so are things like car engines and tin cans. The genre of rock music popularly known as metal gets its name from the heavy sound, especially of the guitar solo, played on electric guitars — made of metal. WORD FAMILYmetal: bimetal, metal-colored, metaled, metaling, metalize, metalled, metallic, metallike, metalling, metallize, metalloid, metally, metals, nonmetal+/bimetal: bimetallic/metalize: metalized/metallic: metallic-colored, metallically, metallicly, metallics, nonmetallic/metallize: metallized, metallizing/nonmetal: nonmetals USAGE EXAMPLESWhen happy with the initial sketch, she transfers the design to metal, often with a fine-point marker. Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017) Gold XAU= was sluggish, with the precious metal sliding about 0.1 percent to $1,150.82, after a flat start to the year on Monday. Reuters(Jan 02, 2017) Vuarnet was also the first person to win the event using metal skis. BBC(Jan 02, 2017) 1n any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc. Syn|Hypo|Hyper metallic element heavy metal a metal of relatively high density (specific gravity greater than about 5) or of high relative atomic weight (especially one that is poisonous like mercury or lead) base metala metal that is common and not considered precious noble metalany metal that is resistant to corrosion or oxidation Al, aluminium, aluminum, atomic number 13a silvery ductile metallic element found primarily in bauxite Am, americium, atomic number 95a radioactive transuranic metallic element; discovered by bombarding uranium with helium atoms Sb, antimony, atomic number 51a metallic element having four allotropic forms; used in a wide variety of alloys; found in stibnite Ba, atomic number 56, bariuma soft silvery metallic element of the alkali earth group; found in barite Bk, atomic number 97, berkeliuma radioactive transuranic element; discovered by bombarding americium with helium Be, atomic number 4, beryllium, gluciniuma light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element Bi, atomic number 83, bismutha heavy brittle diamagnetic trivalent metallic element (resembles arsenic and antimony chemically); usually recovered as a by-product from ores of other metals Cd, atomic number 48, cadmiuma soft bluish-white ductile malleable toxic bivalent metallic element; occurs in association with zinc ores Ca, atomic number 20, calciuma white metallic element that burns with a brilliant light; the fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust; an important component of most plants and animals Cf, atomic number 98, californiuma radioactive transuranic element; discovered by bombarding curium with alpha particles Ce, atomic number 58, ceriuma ductile grey metallic element of the lanthanide series; used in lighter flints; the most abundant of the rare-earth group Cs, atomic number 55, caesium, cesiuma soft silver-white ductile metallic element (liquid at normal temperatures); the most electropositive and alkaline metal Cr, atomic number 24, chromiuma hard brittle multivalent metallic element; resistant to corrosion and tarnishing Co, atomic number 27, cobalta hard ferromagnetic silver-white bivalent or trivalent metallic element; a trace element in plant and animal nutrition Cu, atomic number 29, coppera ductile malleable reddish-brown corrosion-resistant diamagnetic metallic element; occurs in various minerals but is the only metal that occurs abundantly in large masses; used as an electrical and thermal conductor Cm, atomic number 96, curiuma radioactive transuranic metallic element; produced by bombarding plutonium with helium nuclei Dy, atomic number 66, dysprosiuma trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; forms compounds that are highly magnetic E, Es, atomic number 99, einsteiniuma radioactive transuranic element produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons Er, atomic number 68, erbiuma trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs with yttrium Eu, atomic number 63, europiuma bivalent and trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group Fm, atomic number 100, fermiuma radioactive transuranic metallic element produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons Fr, atomic number 87, franciuma radioactive element of the alkali-metal group discovered as a disintegration product of actinium Gd, atomic number 64, gadoliniuma ductile silvery-white ductile ferromagnetic trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group Ga, atomic number 31, galliuma rare silvery (usually trivalent) metallic element; brittle at low temperatures but liquid above room temperature; occurs in trace amounts in bauxite and zinc ores Hf, atomic number 72, hafniuma grey tetravalent metallic element that resembles zirconium chemically and is found in zirconium minerals; used in filaments for its ready emission of electrons Ho, atomic number 67, holmiuma trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs together with yttrium; forms highly magnetic compounds In, atomic number 49, indiuma rare soft silvery metallic element; occurs in small quantities in sphalerite Ir, atomic number 77, iridiuma heavy brittle metallic element of the platinum group; used in alloys; occurs in natural alloys with platinum or osmium Fe, atomic number 26, irona heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood La, atomic number 57, lanthanuma white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth Pb, atomic number 82, leada soft heavy toxic malleable metallic element; bluish white when freshly cut but tarnishes readily to dull grey Li, atomic number 3, lithiuma soft silver-white univalent element of the alkali metal group; the lightest metal known; occurs in several minerals Lu, atomic number 71, lutecium, lutetiuma trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; usually occurs in association with yttrium Mg, atomic number 12, magnesiuma light silver-white ductile bivalent metallic element; in pure form it burns with brilliant white flame; occurs naturally only in combination (as in magnesite and dolomite and carnallite and spinel and olivine) Mn, atomic number 25, manganesea hard brittle grey polyvalent metallic element that resembles iron but is not magnetic; used in making steel; occurs in many minerals Hg, atomic number 80, hydrargyrum, mercury, quicksilvera heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures Mo, atomic number 42, molybdenuma polyvalent metallic element that resembles chromium and tungsten in its properties; used to strengthen and harden steel Nd, atomic number 60, neodymiuma yellow trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs in monazite and bastnasite in association with cerium and lanthanum and praseodymium Np, atomic number 93, neptuniuma radioactive transuranic metallic element; found in trace amounts in uranium ores; a by-product of the production of plutonium Ni, atomic number 28, nickela hard malleable ductile silvery metallic element that is resistant to corrosion; used in alloys; occurs in pentlandite and smaltite and garnierite and millerite Nb, atomic number 41, niobiuma soft grey ductile metallic element used in alloys; occurs in niobite; formerly called columbium Os, atomic number 76, osmiuma hard brittle blue-grey or blue-black metallic element that is one of the platinum metals; the heaviest metal known Pd, atomic number 46, palladiuma silver-white metallic element of the platinum group that resembles platinum; occurs in some copper and nickel ores; does not tarnish at ordinary temperatures and is used (alloyed with gold) in jewelry Po, atomic number 84, poloniuma radioactive metallic element that is similar to tellurium and bismuth; occurs in uranium ores but can be produced by bombarding bismuth with neutrons in a nuclear reactor K, atomic number 19, potassiuma light soft silver-white metallic element of the alkali metal group; oxidizes rapidly in air and reacts violently with water; is abundant in nature in combined forms occurring in sea water and in carnallite and kainite and sylvite Pr, atomic number 59, praseodymiuma soft yellowish-white trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; can be recovered from bastnasite or monazite by an ion-exchange process Pm, atomic number 61, promethiuma soft silvery metallic element of the rare earth group having no stable isotope; was discovered in radioactive form as a fission product of uranium Pa, atomic number 91, protactinium, protoactiniuma short-lived radioactive metallic element formed from uranium and disintegrating into actinium and then into lead Ra, atomic number 88, radiuman intensely radioactive metallic element that occurs in minute amounts in uranium ores Re, atomic number 75, rheniuma rare heavy polyvalent metallic element that resembles manganese chemically and is used in some alloys; is obtained as a by-product in refining molybdenum Rh, atomic number 45, rhodiuma white hard metallic element that is one of the platinum group and is found in platinum ores; used in alloys with platinum Rb, atomic number 37, rubidiuma soft silvery metallic element of the alkali metal group; burns in air and reacts violently in water; occurs in carnallite and lepidolite and pollucite Ru, atomic number 44, rutheniuma rare polyvalent metallic element of the platinum group; it is found associated with platinum Sm, atomic number 62, samariuma grey lustrous metallic element of the rare earth group; is used in special alloys; occurs in monazite and bastnasite Sc, atomic number 21, scandiuma white trivalent metallic element; sometimes classified in the rare earth group; occurs in the Scandinavian mineral thortveitite Na, atomic number 11, sodiuma silvery soft waxy metallic element of the alkali metal group; occurs abundantly in natural compounds (especially in salt water); burns with a yellow flame and reacts violently in water; occurs in sea water and in the mineral halite (rock salt) Sr, atomic number 38, strontiuma soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element of the alkali metal group; turns yellow in air; occurs in celestite and strontianite Ta, atomic number 73, tantaluma hard grey lustrous metallic element that is highly resistant to corrosion; occurs in niobite and fergusonite and tantalite Tc, atomic number 43, technetiuma crystalline metallic element not found in nature; occurs as one of the fission products of uranium Tb, atomic number 65, terbiuma metallic element of the rare earth group; used in lasers; occurs in apatite and monazite and xenotime and ytterbite Tl, atomic number 81, thalliuma soft grey malleable metallic element that resembles tin but discolors on exposure to air; it is highly toxic and is used in rodent and insect poisons; occurs in zinc blende and some iron ores Th, atomic number 90, thoriuma soft silvery-white tetravalent radioactive metallic element; isotope 232 is used as a power source in nuclear reactors; occurs in thorite and in monazite sands Tm, atomic number 69, thuliuma soft silvery metallic element of the rare earth group; isotope 170 emits X-rays and is used in small portable X-ray machines; it occurs in monazite and apatite and xenotime Sn, atomic number 50, tina silvery malleable metallic element that resists corrosion; used in many alloys and to coat other metals to prevent corrosion; obtained chiefly from cassiterite where it occurs as tin oxide Ti, atomic number 22, titaniuma light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite W, atomic number 74, tungsten, wolframa heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite U, atomic number 92, uraniuma heavy toxic silvery-white radioactive metallic element; occurs in many isotopes; used for nuclear fuels and nuclear weapons V, atomic number 23, vanadiuma soft silvery white toxic metallic element used in steel alloys; it occurs in several complex minerals including carnotite and vanadinite Yb, atomic number 70, ytterbiuma soft silvery metallic element; a rare earth of the lanthanide series; it occurs in gadolinite and monazite and xenotime Y, atomic number 39, yttriuma silvery metallic element that is common in rare-earth minerals; used in magnesium and aluminum alloys Zn, atomic number 30, zinca bluish-white lustrous metallic element; brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable when heated; used in a wide variety of alloys and in galvanizing iron; it occurs naturally as zinc sulphide in zinc blende Zr, atomic number 40, zirconiuma lustrous grey strong metallic element resembling titanium; it is used in nuclear reactors as a neutron absorber; it occurs in baddeleyite but is obtained chiefly from zircon alkali metal, alkaline metalany of the monovalent metals of group I of the periodic table (lithium or sodium or potassium or rubidium or cesium or francium) alkaline earth, alkaline-earth metalany of the bivalent metals of group II of the periodic table (calcium or strontium or barium or magnesium or beryllium) alum, potash alum, potassium aluma white crystalline double sulfate of aluminum: the potassium double sulfate of aluminum alum, ammonia alum, ammonium aluma white crystalline double sulfate of aluminum: the ammonium double sulfate of aluminum barytaany of several compounds of barium cesium 137a radioactive isotope of cesium used in radiation therapy cobalt 60a radioactive isotope of cobalt with mass number 60; a source of exceptionally intense gamma rays; used in radiation therapy Au, atomic number 79, golda soft yellow malleable ductile (trivalent and univalent) metallic element; occurs mainly as nuggets in rocks and alluvial deposits; does not react with most chemicals but is attacked by chlorine and aqua regia columbiuma former name for niobium Pt, atomic number 78, platinuma heavy precious metallic element; grey-white and resistant to corroding; occurs in some nickel and copper ores and is also found native in some deposits Ag, atomic number 47, silvera soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography strontium 90a radioactive isotope of strontium (with the mass number 90) that is present in the fallout from nuclear explosions; can be assimilated like calcium into bones radiothorium, thorium-228radioactive isotope of thorium with mass number 228 uranium 235a uranium isotope with mass number 235; capable of sustaining chain reactions uranium 238the commonest isotope of uranium; it is not fissionable but when irradiated with neutrons it produces fissionable plutonium 239 alpha irona magnetic allotrope of iron; stable below 906 degrees centigrade beta ironan allotrope of iron that is the same as alpha iron except that it is nonmagnetic; stable between 768 and 906 degrees centigrade gamma irona nonmagnetic allotrope of iron that is the basis of austenite; stable between 906 and 1403 degrees centigrade delta ironan allotrope of iron that is stable between 1403 degrees centigrade and the melting point (= 1532 degrees) blister copperan impure form of copper having a black blistered surface ingot ironiron of high purity cast ironan alloy of iron containing so much carbon that it is brittle and so cannot be wrought but must be shaped by casting wrought ironiron having a low carbon content that is tough and malleable and so can be forged and welded chromeanother word for chromium when it is used in dyes or pigments galvanized ironiron that is coated with zinc to protect it from rust hard leadunrefined lead that is hard because of the impurities it contains antimonial lead, hard leada lead alloy that contains about 5% antimony pig ironcrude iron tapped from a blast furnace pig leadlead that is cast in pigs scrap ironiron to be melted again and reworked spelterimpure zinc containing about three percent lead and other impurities (especially in the form of ingots) structural ironiron that has been cast or worked in structural shapes calcium ion, factor IVion of calcium; a factor in the clotting of blood chemical element, element any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter 2n a mixture containing two or more metallic elements or metallic and nonmetallic elements usually fused together or dissolving into each other when molten Syn|Hypo|Hyper alloy heavy metal a metal of relatively high density (specific gravity greater than about 5) or of high relative atomic weight (especially one that is poisonous like mercury or lead) 18-karat goldan alloy that contains 75 per cent gold 22-karat goldan alloy that contains 87 per cent gold oreide, oroidealloy of copper and tin and zinc; used in imitation gold jewelry Alnicotrade name for an alloy used to make high-energy permanent magnets; contains aluminum and iron and nickel plus cobalt or copper or titanium amalgam, dental amalgaman alloy of mercury with another metal (usually silver) used by dentists to fill cavities in teeth; except for iron and platinum all metals dissolve in mercury and chemists refer to the resulting mercury mixtures as amalgams fusible metalan alloy with a low melting point and used as solder and in safety plugs and sprinkler fuses electruman alloy of gold and silver pewterany of various alloys of tin with small amounts of other metals (especially lead) pinchbeckan alloy of copper and zinc that is used in cheap jewelry to imitate gold pot metalan alloy of copper and lead used especially for making large pots solderan alloy (usually of lead and tin) used when melted to join two metal surfaces white golda pale alloy of gold usually with platinum or nickel or palladium type metalan alloy of tin and lead and antimony used to make printing type bearing metal, white metalan alloy (often of lead or tin base) used for bearings Babbitt metal, babbittan alloy of tin with some copper and antimony; a lining for bearings that reduces friction Britannia metalan alloy similar to pewter Carboloyan alloy based on tungsten with cobalt or nickel as a binder; used in making metal-cutting tools steelan alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range cheoplastic metalany alloy that fuses at low temperatures and can be used molding artificial teeth copper-base alloyany alloy whose principal component is copper dental goldan alloy of gold used in dentistry Duraluminan aluminum-based alloy Inconela nickel-base alloy with chromium and iron; used in gas-turbine blades Invaran alloy of iron and nickel having a low coefficient of thermal expansion; used in tuning forks and measuring tapes and other instruments nickel alloy, nickel-base alloyan alloy whose main constituent is nickel German silver, nickel silvera silver-white alloy containing copper and zinc and nickel pyrophoric alloyan alloy that emits sparks when struck or scratched with steel; used in lighter flints shot metalan alloy that is 98% lead and 2% arsenic; used in making small shot Stellitea very hard alloy of cobalt and chromium with cobalt as the principal ingredient; used to make cutting tools and for surfaces subject to heavy wear sterling silvera silver alloy with no more than 7.5% copper tambac, tombac, tombakan alloy of copper and zinc (and sometimes arsenic) used to imitate gold in cheap jewelry and for gilding Wood's alloy, Wood's metala fusible alloy that is half bismuth plus lead, tin, and cadmium; melts at about 160 degrees Fahrenheit slug, type sluga strip of type metal used for spacing alloy steelsteel who characteristics are determined by the addition of other elements in addition to carbon brassan alloy of copper and zinc bronzean alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements; also any copper-base alloy containing other elements in place of tin cupronickela 60/40 alloy of copper and nickel hard soldersolder that contains copper; melts at a relatively high temperature; used for brazing silver soldera solder that contains silver soft soldersolder that melts at a relatively low temperature Monel metal, Monell metalan alloy of nickel and copper and other metals (such as iron and/or manganese and/or aluminum) aluminium bronze, aluminum bronzean alloy of copper and aluminum with high tensile strength and resistance to corrosion austenitic steelsteel that has enough nickel and chromium or manganese to retain austenite at atmospheric temperatures case-hardened steelsteel with a surface that is much harder than the interior metal carbon steelsteel whose characteristics are determined by the amount of carbon it contains crucible steelsteel made by the mixture of molten wrought iron, charcoal, and other substances in a crucible Damascus steel, Damask steela hard resilient steel often decorated and used for sword blades chisel steelsteel used in making chisels Eureka, constantanan alloy of copper and nickel with high electrical resistance and a low temperature coefficient; used as resistance wire ferroceriuma pyrophoric alloy of iron with cerium; used for lighter flints hard steelsteel with more than 0.3% carbon medium steelsteel with 0.15-0.3% carbon low-carbon steel, mild steel, soft-cast steelsteel with less than 0.15% carbon misch metala pyrophoric alloy made from a mixture of rare-earth metals Nichromean alloy of nickel and chromium with high electrical resistance and an ability to withstand high temperatures; used for resistance heating elements Permalloyan 80/20 alloy of nickel and iron; easily magnetized and demagnetized quenched steelsteel that has been hardened by immersing it in water or oil to cool it structural steela strong steel that is rolled into shapes that are used in construction mixture (chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed proportions and not with chemical bonding) 3adj containing or made of or resembling or characteristic of a metal Syn|Ant metallic all-metal consisting completely of metal aluminiferouscontaining alum or aluminum antimonialcontaining antimony argentiferouscontaining or yielding silver auriferous, gold-bearingcontaining gold bimetal, bimetallicformed of two different metals or alloys; especially in sheets bonded together bronzemade from or consisting of bronze gilded, gold, goldenmade from or covered with gold metal-looking, metallic-looking, metallikeresembling metal silvermade from or largely consisting of silver tinnythin and metallic in sound; lacking resonance nonmetal, nonmetallic not containing or resembling or characteristic of a metal metalloidof or being a nonmetallic element that has some of the properties of metal 4v cover with metal Hyper coat, surface put a coat on; cover the surface of; furnish with a surface |
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