| 单词 | activity |
| 释义 | activity (once / 107 pages) n An activity is something you do, or just the state of doing. You might plan some indoor activities for a rainy day, or you might just rely on watching your gerbils' activity in their cage. Usually, when you use an article like an or the in front of activity, you are referring to a specific event. For example, you might search for the best activity on the cruise ship to fill your afternoon — shuffleboard, anyone? If you take the article away, and you refer to activity, you are usually referring to action. If there is too much activity on the cruise ship dance floor, you might want to avoid that zone. WORD FAMILYactivity: activities+/act: actable, acted, acting, action, active, actor, actress, acts, actuate, counteract, enact, interact, overact, underact/actable: unactable/acting: actings, self-acting/action: actionable, actioned, actions, inaction/activate: activated, activates, activating, activation, activator, deactivate, reactivate/activating: self-activating/activation: activations/activator: activators/active: activate, actively, activeness, activer, actives, activest, activity, hyperactive, inactive, overactive, underactive/actor: actors/actress: actresses/actuate: actuated, actuates, actuating, actuation, actuator/actuator: actuators/counteract: counteracted, counteracting, counteraction, counteractive, counteracts/counteraction: counteractions/deactivate: deactivated, deactivates, deactivating, deactivation/enact: enacted, enacting, enactment, enacts, reenact/enactment: enactments/hyperactive: hyperactively, hyperactivity/inaction: inactions/inactivate: inactivated, inactivates, inactivating, inactivation/inactive: inactivate, inactively, inactiveness, inactivity/inactivity: inactivities/interact: interacted, interacting, interaction, interactive, interacts/interaction: interactional, interactions/interactive: interactively/overact: overacted, overacting, overacts/overacting: overactings/overactive: overactivity/reactivate: reactivated, reactivates, reactivating/reenact: reenacted, reenacting, reenactment, reenacts/reenactment: reenactments/underact: underacted, underacting, underacts USAGE EXAMPLESThe MoD said the death was "not the result of enemy activity" and an investigation is underway. BBC(Jan 02, 2017) His attorney argued there was insufficient evidence to convict Kelly on several charges, including theft and engaging in a pattern of corrupt activity. Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017) Pielke claims that he was attacked by “thought police in journal, activities groups funded by billionaires, and the White House”. The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017) 1n any specific behavior they avoided all recreational activity Ant|Exp|Hypo|Hyper inactivity being inactive; being less active Manhattan Project code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II Dardanelles campaignthe unsuccessful campaign in World War I (1915) by the English and French to open a passage for aid to Russia; defeated by the Turks Dunkerquean amphibious evacuation in World War II (1940) when 330,000 Allied troops had to be evacuated from the beaches in northern France in a desperate retreat under enemy fire EniwetokWorld War II (February 1944); American infantry landed and captured a Japanese stronghold Inchona battle in the Korean War (1950); United States forces landed at Inchon invasion of Iwoa bloody and prolonged operation on the island of Iwo Jima in which American marines landed and defeated Japanese defenders (February and March 1945) Kwajaleinan amphibious assault in the Pacific in World War II (January 1944); American forces landed and captured a Japanese air base Leyte invasiona battle in World War II; the return of United States troops to the Philippines began with landings on Leyte Island in October 1944; the battle marked first use of kamikaze aircraft by the Japanese Meuse-Argonne operationan American operation in World War I (1918); American troops under Pershing drove back the German armies which were saved only by the armistice on November 11 Okinawa campaigna campaign in the closing days of World War II in the Pacific (April to June 1945); in savage close-quarter fighting United States marines and regular army troops took the island from the Japanese; considered the greatest victory of the Pacific campaign for the Americans Operation Desert Stormthe United States and its allies defeated Iraq in a ground war that lasted 100 hours (1991) Petersburg Campaignthe final campaign of the American Civil War (1864-65); Union forces under Grant besieged and finally defeated Confederate forces under Lee SaipanUS forces captured the island from the Japanese in July 1944; it was an important air base until the end of World War II Salernoa battle in World War II; the port was captured by United States troops in September 1943 Tarawa-Makinbattles in World War II in the Pacific (November 1943); United States Marines took the islands from the Japanese after bitter fighting Battle of Wake Islandin December 1941 the island was captured by the Japanese after a gallant last-ditch stand by a few hundred United States marines Wilderness CampaignAmerican Civil War; a series of indecisive battles in Grant's campaign (1864) against Lee in which both armies suffered terrible losses Human Genome Projectan international study of the entire human genetic material First Crusadea Crusade from 1096 to 1099; captured Jerusalem and created a theocracy there Second Crusadea Crusade from 1145 to 1147 that failed because of internal disagreements among the crusaders and led to the loss of Jerusalem in 1187 Third Crusadea Crusade from 1189 to 1192 led by Richard I and the king of France that failed because an army torn by dissensions and fighting on foreign soil could not succeed against forces united by religious zeal Fourth Crusadea Crusade from 1202 to 1204 that was diverted into a battle for Constantinople and failed to recapture Jerusalem Fifth Crusadea Crusade under papal control from 1218 to 1221 that achieved military victories but failed when dissension arose over accepting the terms they had been offered Sixth Crusadea Crusade from 1228 to 1229 led by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II who fell ill and was excommunicated by the Pope; by negotiation Frederick II was able to crown himself king of Jerusalem Seventh Crusadea Crusade initiated in 1248 after the loss of Jerusalem in 1244 and defeated in 1249 September 11the day in 2001 when Arab suicide bombers hijacked United States airliners and used them as bombs variance, variation an activity that varies from a norm or standard space walkany kind of physical activity outside a spacecraft by one of the crew domesticitydomestic activities or life operationthe activity of operating something (a machine or business etc.) operationa planned activity involving many people performing various actions pattern, practicea customary way of operation or behavior diversion, recreationan activity that diverts or amuses or stimulates bag, cup of tea, dishan activity that you like or at which you are superior follow-up, followupan activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done gamea contest with rules to determine a winner play, turn(game) the activity of doing something in an agreed succession musicmusical activity (singing or whistling etc.) acting, performing, playacting, playingthe performance of a part or role in a drama animation, livelinessgeneral activity and motion burst, fita sudden flurry of activity (often for no obvious reason) workactivity directed toward making or doing something deeds, worksperformance of moral or religious acts service(law) the acts performed by an English feudal tenant for the benefit of his lord which formed the consideration for the property granted to him business, job, line, line of work, occupationthe principal activity in your life that you do to earn money occupationany activity that occupies a person's attention committal to writing, writingthe activity of putting something in written form rolenormal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting actus reus, misconduct, wrongdoing, wrongful conductactivity that transgresses moral or civil law dissipation, waste, wastefulnessuseless or profitless activity; using or expending or consuming thoughtlessly or carelessly attempt, effort, endeavor, endeavour, tryearnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something controlthe activity of managing or exerting control over something protectionthe activity of protecting someone or something sensory activityactivity intended to achieve a particular sensory result didactics, education, educational activity, instruction, pedagogy, teachingthe activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill grooming, preparation, trainingactivity leading to skilled behavior representationan activity that stands as an equivalent of something or results in an equivalent creation, creative activitythe human act of creating disassembly, dismantlement, dismantlingthe act of taking something apart (as a piece of machinery) puncturethe act of puncturing or perforating hunt, hunting, searchthe activity of looking thoroughly in order to find something or someone employment, exercise, usage, use, utilisation, utilizationthe act of using military operation, operationactivity by a military or naval force (as a maneuver or campaign) measure, measurement, measuring, mensurationthe act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule calibration, standardisation, standardizationthe act of checking or adjusting (by comparison with a standard) the accuracy of a measuring instrument organisation, organizationthe activity or result of distributing or disposing persons or things properly or methodically groupingthe activity of putting things together in groups support, supportingthe act of bearing the weight of or strengthening continuance, continuationthe act of continuing an activity without interruption procedure, processa particular course of action intended to achieve a result ceremonyany activity that is performed in an especially solemn elaborate or formal way ceremonythe proper or conventional behavior on some solemn occasion worshipthe activity of worshipping activating, activation, energizingthe activity of causing to have energy and be active concealing, concealment, hidingthe activity of keeping something secret emplacement, locating, location, placement, position, positioningthe act of putting something in a certain place provision, supply, supplyingthe activity of supplying or providing something demandthe act of demanding pleasurean activity that affords enjoyment delectation, enjoymentact of receiving pleasure from something lamentation, mourningthe passionate and demonstrative activity of expressing grief laughterthe activity of laughing; the manifestation of joy or mirth or scorn market, market place, marketplacethe world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold politicsthe activities and affairs involved in managing a state or a government preparation, readyingthe activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose aid, assist, assistance, helpthe activity of contributing to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose supportthe activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities behavior, behaviour, conduct, doingsmanner of acting or controlling yourself behavior, behaviour(psychology) the aggregate of the responses or reactions or movements made by an organism in any situation leadership, leadingthe activity of leading precedence, precedency, precessionthe act of preceding in time or order or rank (as in a ceremony) soloany activity that is performed alone without assistance buzza confusion of activity and gossip funviolent and excited activity hell, sinviolent and excited activity outlet, release, ventactivity that frees or expresses creative energy or emotion lasta person's dying act; the final thing a person can do mystification, obfuscationthe activity of obscuring people's understanding, leaving them baffled or bewildered negotiationthe activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms verbalisation, verbalizationthe activity of expressing something in words disturbance, perturbationactivity that is a malfunction, intrusion, or interruption timekeepingthe act or process of determining the time boondogglework of little or no value done merely to look busy fire controlpreparation for the delivery of shellfire on a target batting(baseball) the batter's attempt to get on base bestthe supreme effort one can make worstthe weakest effort or poorest achievement one is capable of Bertillon systema system or procedure for identifying persons fingerprintingthe procedure of taking inked impressions of a person's fingerprints for the purpose of identification genetic fingerprinting, genetic profilingthe procedure of analyzing the DNA in samples of a person's body tissue or body fluid for the purpose of identification move(game) a player's turn to take some action permitted by the rules of the game diagnostic procedure, diagnostic techniquea procedure followed in making a medical diagnosis emergency procedure(medicine) a procedure adopted to meet an emergency (especially a medical emergency) experimental procedurethe specific techniques used in conducting a particular experiment groundbreaking, groundbreaking ceremonythe ceremonial breaking of the ground to formally begin a construction project start, startinga turn to be a starter (in a game at the beginning) purgation, purificationa ceremonial cleansing from defilement or uncleanness by the performance of appropriate rites lavation, wash, washingthe work of cleansing (usually with soap and water) pairingthe act of grouping things or people in pairs punctuationthe use of certain marks to clarify meaning of written material by grouping words grammatically into sentences and clauses and phrases rescue operationan operation organized to free from danger or confinement undercover operationan operation involving secret work within a community or institution biologismuse of biological principles in explaining human especially social behavior cooperationthe practice of cooperating featherbeddingthe practice (usually by a labor union) of requiring an employer to hire more workers than are required formalismthe practice of scrupulous adherence to prescribed or external forms one-upmanshipthe practice of keeping one jump ahead of a friend or competitor pluralismthe practice of one person holding more than one benefice at a time symbolisation, symbolism, symbolizationthe practice of investing things with symbolic meaning modernismpractices typical of contemporary life or thought occult, occult artssupernatural practices and techniques ornamentalismthe practice of ornamental display cannibalismthe practice of eating the flesh of your own kind careerismthe practice of advancing your career at the expense of your personal integrity custom, usage, usanceaccepted or habitual practice habitudehabitual mode of behavior fashioncharacteristic or habitual practice lobbyismthe practice of lobbying; the activities of a lobbyist slaveholding, slaverythe practice of owning slaves peonagethe practice of making a debtor work for his creditor until the debt is discharged unwritten lawlaw based on customary behavior lynch lawthe practice of punishing people by hanging without due process of law mistreatmentthe practice of treating (someone or something) badly nonconformismthe practice of nonconformity repressionthe act of repressing; control by holding down antic, caper, joke, prank, put-on, tricka ludicrous or grotesque act done for fun and amusement bathingimmersing the body in water or sunshine celebration, festivityany joyous diversion dance, dancing, saltation, terpsichoretaking a series of rhythmical steps (and movements) in time to music amusement, entertainmentan activity that is diverting and that holds the attention escapade, larkany carefree episode escape, escapisman inclination to retreat from unpleasant realities through diversion or fantasy eurhythmics, eurhythmy, eurythmics, eurythmythe interpretation in harmonious bodily movements of the rhythm of musical compositions; used to teach musical understanding fun, merriment, playfulnessactivities that are enjoyable or amusing gambling, gaming, playthe act of playing for stakes in the hope of winning (including the payment of a price for a chance to win a prize) gamean amusement or pastime jest, jocularity, jokeactivity characterized by good humor night life, nightlifethe activity of people seeking nighttime diversion (as at the theater, a nightclub, etc.) interest, pastime, pursuita diversion that occupies one's time and thoughts (usually pleasantly) child's play, playactivity by children that is guided more by imagination than by fixed rules confectionerythe occupation and skills of a confectioner sportthe occupation of athletes who compete for pay farming, landagriculture considered as an occupation or way of life inningsthe batting turn of a cricket player or team attackan offensive move in a sport or game down(American football) a complete play to advance the football at-bat, bat(baseball) a turn trying to get a hit curlinga game played on ice in which heavy stones with handles are slid toward a target bowlinga game in which balls are rolled at an object or group of objects with the aim of knocking them over or moving them pall-malla 17th century game; a wooden ball was driven along an alley with a mallet athletic gamea game involving athletic activity child's gamea game enjoyed by children card game, cardsa game played with playing cards table gamea game that is played on a table parlor game, parlour gamea game suitable for playing in a parlor gambling game, game of chancea game that involves gambling zero-sum gamea game in which the total of all the gains and losses is zero caper, frolic, gambol, play, rompgay or light-hearted recreational activity for diversion or amusement athletics, sportan active diversion requiring physical exertion and competition bell ringing, carillon, carillon playingplaying a set of bells that are (usually) hung in a tower instrumental musicmusic produced by playing a musical instrument intonationthe production of musical tones (by voice or instrument); especially the exactitude of the pitch relations percussionthe act of playing a percussion instrument vocal musicmusic that is vocalized (as contrasted with instrumental music) whistlingthe act of whistling a tune characterization, enactment, personation, portrayalacting the part of a character on stage; dramatically representing the character by speech and action and gesture impersonation, personationimitating the mannerisms of another person method, method actingan acting technique introduced by Stanislavsky in which the actor recalls emotions or reactions from his or her own life and uses them to identify with the character being portrayed dumb show, mime, pantomimea performance using gestures and body movements without words business, byplay, stage businessincidental activity performed by an actor for dramatic effect skita short theatrical episode hamming, overactingpoor acting by a ham actor heroicsostentatious or vainglorious or extravagant or melodramatic conduct reenactmentperforming a role in an event that occurred at an earlier time roleplayingacting a particular role (as in psychotherapy) fits and startsrepeated bursts of activity actionthe most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field joba damaging piece of work jobthe performance of a piece of work operation, procedurea process or series of acts especially of a practical or mechanical nature involved in a particular form of work servicework done by one person or group that benefits another polishing, shiningthe work of making something smooth and shiny by rubbing or waxing it socageland tenure by agricultural service or payment of rent; not burdened with military service military serviceland tenure by service in the lord's army knight's serviceland tenure by service to the lord as a knight heavy liftingdifficult work housewiferythe work of a housewife housekeeping, houseworkthe work of cleaning and running a house ironingthe work of using heat to smooth washed clothes in order to remove any wrinkles busywork, make-workactive work of little value loggingthe work of cutting down trees for timber loose end, unfinished businesswork that is left incomplete nightworkwork to be done at night paperworkwork that involves handling papers: forms or letters or reports etc. social service, welfare workan organized activity to improve the condition of disadvantaged people in society biz, gameyour occupation or line of work calling, career, vocationthe particular occupation for which you are trained employment, workthe occupation for which you are paid appointmentthe job to which you are (or hope to be) appointed berth, billet, office, place, position, post, situation, spota job in an organization seismographythe measurement of tremors and shocks and undulatory movements of earthquakes salt mine, treadmilla job involving drudgery and confinement craft, tradethe skilled practice of a practical occupation professionan occupation requiring special education (especially in the liberal arts or sciences) medium, metieran occupation for which you are especially well suited coding, cryptography, secret writing, steganographyact of writing in code or cipher handwritingthe activity of writing by hand inscriptionthe activity of inscribing (especially carving or engraving) letters or words notationthe activity of representing something by a special system of marks or characters accountancy, accountingthe occupation of maintaining and auditing records and preparing financial reports for a business photographythe occupation of taking and printing photographs or making movies labor, labour, toilproductive work (especially physical work done for wages) subbing, substitutingworking as a substitute for someone who is ill or on leave of absence calisthenics, callisthenicsthe practice of calisthenic exercises practicethe exercise of a profession investigating, investigationthe work of inquiring into something thoroughly and systematically quantitative analysis, quantitative chemical analysischemical analysis to determine the amounts of each element in the substance aid, attention, care, tendingthe work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something dutywork that you are obliged to perform for moral or legal reasons gender rolethe overt expression of attitudes that indicate to others the degree of your maleness or femaleness position(in team sports) the role assigned to an individual player mission, missionary workthe organized work of a religious missionary brutalisation, brutalizationthe activity of treating someone savagely or viciously encroachment, intrusion, trespass, usurpation, violationentry to another's property without right or permission civil wrong, tort(law) any wrongdoing for which an action for damages may be brought malversationmisconduct in public office misbehavior, misbehaviour, misdeedimproper or wicked or immoral behavior derelictionwillful negligence malfeasancewrongful conduct by a public official misfeasancedoing a proper act in a wrongful or injurious manner malpracticea wrongful act that the actor had no right to do; improper professional conduct malpracticeprofessional wrongdoing that results in injury or damage perversionthe action of perverting something (turning it to a wrong use) waste of effort, waste of energya useless effort waste of materiala useless consumption of material waste of moneymoney spent for inadequate return waste of timethe devotion of time to a useless activity extravagance, high life, highlife, lavishness, prodigalityexcessive spending squanderingspending resources lavishly and wastefully injurywrongdoing that violates another's rights and is unjustly inflicted injuryan act that causes someone or something to receive physical damage iniquity, injustice, shabbiness, unfairnessan unjust act inflictionan act causing pain or damage evildoing, transgressionthe act of transgressing; the violation of a law or a duty or moral principle erotica, porn, porno, pornography, smutcreative activity (writing or pictures or films etc.) of no literary or artistic value other than to stimulate sexual desire dishonesty, knaverylack of honesty; acts of lying or cheating or stealing falsification, misrepresentationa willful perversion of facts champertyan unethical agreement between an attorney and client that the attorney would sue and pay the costs of the client's suit in return for a portion of the damages awarded criminal maintenance, maintenancethe unauthorized interference in a legal action by a person having no interest in it (as by helping one party with money or otherwise to continue the action) so as to obstruct justice or promote unnecessary litigation or unsettle the peace of the community infringement, violationan act that disregards an agreement or a right bid, playan attempt to get something crack, fling, go, offer, pass, whirla usually brief attempt essaya tentative attempt forayan initial attempt (especially outside your usual areas of competence) contribution, part, sharethe part played by a person in bringing about a result liberationthe attempt to achieve equal rights or status mug's gamea futile or unprofitable endeavor power play, squeeze, squeeze playan aggressive attempt to compel acquiescence by the concentration or manipulation of power seekingan attempt to acquire or gain something shot, stabinformal words for any attempt or effort shotan attempt to score in a game nisus, pains, strain, strivingan effortful attempt to attain a goal battle, strugglean energetic attempt to achieve something takeover attemptan attempt to take control of a corporation run, test, trialthe act of testing something test, trialthe act of undergoing testing spadeworkdull or routine preliminary work preparing for an undertaking timeworkwork paid for at a rate per unit of time labor, project, task, undertakingany piece of work that is undertaken or attempted self-helpthe act of helping or improving yourself without relying on anyone else crowd controlactivity of controlling a crowd damage controlan effort to minimize or curtail damage or loss federalisation, federalizationthe act of being put under federal control flight controlcontrol from ground stations of airplanes in flight by means of messages transmitted to the pilot electronically flood control(engineering) the art or technique of trying to control rivers with dams etc in order to minimize the occurrence of floods imperialismany instance of aggressive extension of authority regulating, regulationthe act of controlling or directing according to rule internal controlan accounting procedure or system designed to promote efficiency or assure the implementation of a policy or safeguard assets or avoid fraud and error etc. regularisation, regularization, regulationthe act of bringing to uniformity; making regular ownership, possessionthe act of having and controlling property possession(sport) the act of controlling the ball (or puck) power trip(slang) a self-aggrandizing action undertaken simply for the pleasure of exercising control over other people riot control, riot control operationthe measures taken to control a riot grasping, prehension, seizing, taking holdthe act of gripping something firmly with the hands (or the tentacles) steerage, steeringthe act of steering a ship direction, guidance, steeringthe act of setting and holding a course air coverthe use of military aircraft to provide protection against attack by enemy aircraft during ground or naval operations shieldingthe act of shielding from harm preservation, savingthe activity of protecting something from loss or danger momism, overprotection, overshieldingexcessive protection defence, defensethe act of defending someone or something against attack or injury defence, defenseprotection from harm inoculating, vaccinatingthe act of protecting against disease by introducing a vaccine into the body to induce immunity patrolthe activity of going around or through an area at regular intervals for security purposes self-defence, self-defense, self-protectionthe act of defending yourself insulationthe act of protecting something by surrounding it with material that reduces or prevents the transmission of sound or heat or electricity locking, lockupthe act of locking something up to protect it accompaniment, escortthe act of accompanying someone or something in order to protect them coveringthe act of protecting something by covering it immunisation, immunizationthe act of making immune (especially by inoculation) care, charge, guardianship, tutelageattention and management implying responsibility for safety ruggedisation, ruggedizationthe act of making a piece of equipment rugged (strengthening to resist wear or abuse) sealing, waterproofingthe act of treating something to make it repel water calculation, computation, computingthe procedure of calculating; determining something by mathematical or logical methods perception, sensingbecoming aware of something via the senses coeducationeducation of men and women in the same institutions continuing educationa program of instruction designed primarily for adult students who participate part-time class, course, course of instruction, course of studyeducation imparted in a series of lessons or meetings courseworkwork assigned to and done by a student during a course of study; usually it is evaluated as part of the student's grade in the course elementary educationeducation in elementary subjects (reading and writing and arithmetic) provided to young students at a grade school extension, extension service, university extensionan educational opportunity provided by colleges and universities to people who are not enrolled as regular students extracurricular activityeducational activities not falling within the scope of the regular curriculum higher educationeducation provided by a college or university secondary educationeducation beyond the elementary grades; provided by a high school or college preparatory school team teachinga method of coordinated classroom teaching involving a team of teachers working together with a single group of students work-study programan educational plan in which students alternate between paid employment and formal study athletic trainingthe course of practice and exercise and diet undertaken by an athlete disciplinetraining to improve strength or self-control drill(military) the training of soldiers to march (as in ceremonial parades) or to perform the manual of arms drill, exercise, practice, practice session, recitationsystematic training by multiple repetitions military trainingtraining soldiers in military procedures retrainingtraining for a new occupation schoolingthe training of an animal (especially the training of a horse for dressage) skull practice, skull sessionteaching strategy to an athletic team toilet trainingtraining a young child to use the toilet model, modeling, modellingthe act of representing something (usually on a smaller scale) dramatisation, dramatizationa dramatic representation pageant, pageantryan elaborate representation of scenes from history etc; usually involves a parade with rich costumes figurationrepresenting figuratively as by emblem or allegory diagramming, schematisation, schematizationproviding a chart or outline of a system pictorial representation, picturingvisual representation as by photography or painting typificationthe act of representing by a type or symbol; the action of typifying re-creationthe act of creating again creating from raw materialsthe act of creating something that is different from the materials that went into it productionthe creation of value or wealth by producing goods and services stratificationthe placing of seeds in damp sand or sawdust or peat moss in order to preserve them or promote germination creating by mental actsthe act of creating something by thinking art, artistic creation, artistic productionthe creation of beautiful or significant things creating by removalthe act of creating by removing something centesis(surgery) the act of puncturing a body cavity or organ with a hollow needle in order to draw out fluid perforationthe act of punching a hole (especially a row of holes as for ease of separation) prick, prickingthe act of puncturing with a small point venipuncture(medicine) puncture of a vein through the skin in order to withdraw blood for analysis or to start an intravenous drip or to inject medication or a radiopaque dye explorationa careful systematic search forage, foragingthe act of searching for food and provisions frisk, friskingthe act of searching someone for concealed weapons or illegal drugs looking, looking forthe act of searching visually manhuntan organized search (by police) for a person (charged with a crime) quest, seekingthe act of searching for something ransacking, rummagea thorough search for something (often causing disorder or confusion) playutilization or exercise abuse, misuseimproper or excessive use development, exploitationthe act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful recyclingthe act of processing used or abandoned materials for use in creating new products application, practical applicationthe act of bringing something to bear; using it for a particular purpose combined operationa military operation carried out cooperatively by two or more allied nations or a military operation carried out by coordination of sea, land, and air forces maneuver, manoeuvre, simulated military operationa military training exercise civil defenseactivities organized by civilians for their own protection in time of war or disaster campaign, military campaignseveral related operations aimed at achieving a particular goal (usually within geographical and temporal constraints) naval campaignan operation conducted primarily by naval forces in order to gain or extend or maintain control of the sea military mission, missionan operation that is assigned by a higher headquarters reenforcement, reinforcement, supporta military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission attack, onrush, onset, onslaught(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons) offence, offense, offensivethe action of attacking an enemy peacekeeping, peacekeeping mission, peacekeeping operationthe activity of keeping the peace by military forces (especially when international military forces enforce a truce between hostile groups or nations) amphibious operationa military operation by both land and sea forces information gatheringthe act of collecting information psychological operation, psyopmilitary actions designed to influence the perceptions and attitudes of individuals, groups, and foreign governments covert operationan intelligence operation so planned as to permit plausible denial by the sponsor scouringmoving over territory to search for something shakedowna very thorough search of a person or a place actinometrymeasuring the intensity of electromagnetic radiation (especially of the sun's rays) algometrymeasuring sensitivity to pain or pressure anemographyrecording anemometrical measurements anemometrymeasuring wind speed and direction angulationthe precise measurement of angles anthropometrymeasurement and study of the human body and its parts and capacities arterial blood gasesmeasurement of the pH level and the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in arterial blood; important in diagnosis of many respiratory diseases audiometrymeasuring sensitivity of hearing bathymetry, plumbingmeasuring the depths of the oceans tuning(music) calibrating something (an instrument or electronic circuit) to a standard frequency adjustment, readjustment, registrationthe act of adjusting something to match a standard calorimetrymeasurement of quantities of heat cephalometrymeasurement of human heads densitometrymeasuring the optical density of a substance by shining light on it and measuring its transmission dosimetrymeasuring the dose of radiation emitted by a radioactive source fetometry, foetometrymeasurement of a fetus (especially the diameter of the head) gravimetry, hydrometrythe measurement of specific gravity hypsography, hypsometrymeasurement of the elevation of land above sea level mental measurementa generic term used to cover any application of measurement techniques to the quantification of mental functions micrometrymeasuring with a micrometer observationthe act of making and recording a measurement pelvimetrymeasurement of the dimensions of the bony birth canal (to determine whether vaginal birth is possible) photometrymeasurement of the properties of light (especially luminous intensity) quantificationthe act of discovering or expressing the quantity of something radioactive datingmeasurement of the amount of radioactive material (usually carbon 14) that an object contains; can be used to estimate the age of the object meter reading, readingthe act of measuring with meters or similar instruments samplingmeasurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form) soundingthe act of measuring depth of water (usually with a sounding line) sound ranginglocating a source of sound (as an enemy gun) by measurements of the time the sound arrives at microphones in known positions scalingact of measuring or arranging or adjusting according to a scale spirometrythe use of a spirometer to measure vital capacity surveyingthe practice of measuring angles and distances on the ground so that they can be accurately plotted on a map randomisation, randomizationa deliberately haphazard arrangement of observations so as to simulate chance rationalisation, rationalization, systematisation, systematizationsystematic organization; the act of organizing something according to a system or a rationale order, orderingthe act of putting things in a sequential arrangement itemisation, itemization, listingthe act of making a list of items phrasingthe grouping of musical phrases in a melodic line assortment, categorisation, categorization, classification, compartmentalisation, compartmentalizationthe act of distributing things into classes or categories of the same type aggregation, assembling, collecting, collectionthe act of gathering something together sortinggrouping by class or kind or size territorialisation, territorializationthe act of organizing as a territory propping up, shoring, shoring upthe act of propping up with shores dangling, hanging, suspensionthe act of suspending something (hanging it from above so it moves freely) lengthening, perpetuation, prolongation, protractionthe act of prolonging something repeating, repetitionthe act of doing or performing again perseverance, perseveration, persistencethe act of persisting or persevering; continuing or repeating behavior abidancethe act of abiding (enduring without yielding) prosecution, pursuancethe continuance of something begun with a view to its completion survivalsomething that survives medical procedurea procedure employed by medical or dental practitioners chromosome mapping, mapping(genetics) the process of locating genes on a chromosome operating procedurea procedure for operating something or for dealing with a given situation stiffeningthe act of becoming stiff indirectionindirect procedure or action rigamarole, rigmarolea long and complicated and confusing procedure modus operandi, routinean unvarying or habitual method or procedure chanoyu, tea ceremonyan ancient ritual for preparing and serving and drinking tea lustruma ceremonial purification of the Roman population every five years following the census religious ceremony, religious rituala ceremony having religious meaning military ceremonya military custom performed in observance of some event or anniversary apotheosis, deification, exaltationthe elevation of a person (as to the status of a god) ancestor worshipworship of ancestors quotationthe practice of quoting from books or plays etc. ritualthe prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies ritualismexaggerated emphasis on the importance of rites or ritualistic forms in worship naturism, nudismgoing without clothes as a social practice systematismthe habitual practice of systematization and classification cross dressing, transvestism, transvestitismthe practice of adopting the clothes or the manner or the sexual role of the opposite sex prayer, supplicationthe act of communicating with a deity (especially as a petition or in adoration or contrition or thanksgiving) idolisation, idolizationthe act of worshiping blindly and to excess adoration, latriathe worship given to God alone idol worship, idolatrythe worship of idols; the worship of images that are not God cultism, devotion, idolatry, venerationreligious zeal; the willingness to serve God autolatry, idiolatry, self-worshipthe worship of yourself arborolatry, tree-worshipthe worship of trees astrolatry, worship of heavenly bodiesthe worship of planets or stars cosmolatrythe worship of the cosmos demonolatry, devil-worship, diabolatrythe acts or rites of worshiping devils fire-worship, pyrolatrythe worship of fire hagiolatry, hierolatrythe worship of saints heliolatry, sun-worshipthe worship of the sun animal-worship, zoolatrythe worship of animals monolatrythe worship of a single god but without claiming that it is the only god moon-worship, selenolatrythe worship of the moon electrificationthe activity of thrilling or markedly exciting some person or group animation, invigoration, vivificationthe activity of giving vitality and vigour to something presentationthe activity of formally presenting something (as a prize or reward) camouflage, disguisethe act of concealing the identity of something by modifying its appearance maskactivity that tries to conceal something cover, covering, masking, screeningthe act of concealing the existence of something by obstructing the view of it covera false identity and background (especially one created for an undercover agent) cover-upconcealment that attempts to prevent something scandalous from becoming public burial, buryingconcealing something under the ground smoke screen, smokescreenan action intended to conceal or confuse or obscure stealing, stealthavoiding detection by moving carefully money launderingconcealing the source of illegally gotten money apposition, collocation, juxtapositionthe act of positioning close together (or side by side) interposition, interventionthe act or fact of interposing one thing between or among others orientationthe act of orienting plantingthe act of fixing firmly in place implantationthe act of planting or setting in the ground repositioningthe act of placing in a new position setthe act of putting something in position superpositionthe placement of one thing on top of another fingeringthe placement of the fingers for playing different notes (or sequences of notes) on a musical instrument superposition(geometry) the placement of one object ideally in the position of another one in order to show that the two coincide irrigationsupplying dry land with water by means of ditches etc alimentation, feedingthe act of supplying food and nourishment fueling, refuelingthe activity of supplying or taking on fuel care delivery, health care delivery, healthcare deliverythe provision of health care issuance, issue, issuingthe act of providing an item for general use or for official purposes (usually in quantity) logisticshandling an operation that involves providing labor and materials be supplied as needed purveyancethe act of supplying something stockingthe activity of supplying a stock of something subventionthe act or process of providing aid or help of any sort exactionact of demanding or levying by force or authority claimdemand for something as rightful or due self-control, self-denial, self-disciplinethe act of denying yourself; controlling your impulses traffic controlcontrol of the flow of traffic in a building or a city price-fixingcontrol (by agreement among producers or by government) of the price of a commodity in interstate commerce luxuriationan activity that affords excessive pleasure and enjoyment black marketan illegal market in which goods or currencies are bought and sold in violation of rationing or controls buyer's market, buyers' market, soft marketa market in which more people want to sell than want to buy gray market, grey marketan unofficial market in which goods are bought and sold at prices lower than the official price set by a regulatory agency seller's market, sellers' marketa market in which more people want to buy than want to sell labor marketthe market in which workers compete for jobs and employers compete for workers cateringproviding food and services telemetryautomatic transmission and measurement of data from remote sources by wire or radio or other means thermometrythe measurement of temperature thermogravimetrythe measurement of changes in weight as a function of changes in temperature used as a technique of chemically analyzing substances tonometrythe measurement of intraocular pressure by determining the amount of force needed to make a slight indentation in the cornea viscometry, viscosimetrythe measurement of viscosity deploymentthe distribution of forces in preparation for battle or work groundworkpreliminary preparation as a basis or foundation makereadyfinal preparation and adjustments primingthe act of making something ready planningan act of formulating a program for a definite course of action turnaround, turnroundact or process of unloading and loading and servicing a vessel or aircraft for a return trip prolusion, tune-up, warm-upexercising in preparation for strenuous activity restraintthe act of controlling by restraining someone or something facilitationact of assisting or making easier the progress or improvement of something hand, helping handphysical assistance recourse, refuge, resortact of turning to for assistance thankswith the help of or owing to ministration, relief, succor, succourassistance in time of difficulty liftthe act of giving temporary assistance servicean act of help or assistance accommodationthe act of providing something (lodging or seat or food) to meet a need boost, encouragementthe act of giving hope or support to someone comfortassistance, such as that provided to an enemy or to a known criminal supportaiding the cause or policy or interests of maintenance, sustainment, sustenance, sustentation, upkeepthe act of sustaining life by food or providing a means of subsistence logistic assistance, logistic supportassistance between and within military commands territorialitythe behavior of a male animal that defines and defends its territory aggressiondeliberately unfriendly behavior bohemianismconduct characteristic of a bohemian dirty poolconduct that is unfair or unethical or unsportsmanlike dirty tricksunderhand commercial or political behavior designed to discredit an opponent discourtesy, offence, offense, offensive activitya lack of politeness; a failure to show regard for others; wounding the feelings or others easinessthe quality of being easy in behavior or style the way of the world, the ways of the worldthe manner in which people typically behave or things typically happen leadthe playing of a card to start a trick in bridge helma position of leadership leada position of leadership (especially in the phrase `take the lead') trend settingthe initiating or popularizing of a trend or fashion ruff, trumping(card games) the act of taking a trick with a trump when unable to follow suit trick(card games) in a single round, the sequence of cards played by all the players; the high card is the winner condition, experimental conditionthe procedure that is varied in order to estimate a variable's effect by comparison with a control condition formula, rule(mathematics) a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems salaah, salaat, salah, salatthe second pillar of Islam is prayer; a prescribed liturgy performed five times a day (preferably in a mosque) and oriented toward Mecca praiseoffering words of homage as an act of worship bother, fuss, hassle, troublean angry disturbance magnetic storma sudden disturbance of the earth's magnetic field; caused by emission of particles from the sun monopoly(economics) a market in which there are many buyers but only one seller monopsony(economics) a market in which goods or services are offered by several sellers but there is only one buyer oligopoly(economics) a market in which control over the supply of a commodity is in the hands of a small number of producers and each one can influence prices and affect competitors anachronism, misdating, mistimingsomething located at a time when it could not have existed or occurred act, deed, human action, human activity something that people do or cause to happen 2n an organic process that takes place in the body respiratory activity Syn|Hypo|Hyper bodily function, bodily process, body process control (physiology) regulation or maintenance of a function or action or reflex etc breathing, external respiration, respiration, ventilationthe bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation respirationa single complete act of breathing in and out breaththe process of taking in and expelling air during breathing consumption, ingestion, intake, uptakethe process of taking food into the body through the mouth (as by eating) sex, sex activity, sexual activity, sexual practiceactivities associated with sexual intercourse inseminationthe introduction of semen into the genital tract of a female sleepingthe suspension of consciousness and decrease in metabolic rate reaction, responsea bodily process occurring due to the effect of some antecedent stimulus or agent crying, tears, weepingthe process of shedding tears (usually accompanied by sobs or other inarticulate sounds) ablactationthe cessation of lactation anastalsismuscular action of the alimentary tract in a direction opposite to peristalsis discharge, emission, expellingany of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body expectorationthe process of coughing up and spitting out festering, maturation, suppuration(medicine) the formation of morbific matter in an abscess or a vesicle and the discharge of pus healingthe natural process by which the body repairs itself hypostasisthe accumulation of blood in an organ lachrymation, lacrimation, tearing, wateringshedding tears lactationthe production and secretion of milk by the mammary glands opsonisation, opsonizationprocess whereby opsonins make an invading microorganism more susceptible to phagocytosis overactivityexcessive activity peristalsis, vermiculationthe process of wavelike muscle contractions of the alimentary tract that moves food along diaphoresis, hidrosis, perspiration, sudation, sweatingthe process of the sweat glands of the skin secreting a salty fluid phagocytosisprocess in which phagocytes engulf and digest microorganisms and cellular debris; an important defense against infection pinocytosisprocess by which certain cells can engulf and incorporate droplets of fluid placentationthe formation of the placenta in the uterus psilosisfalling out of hair tanningprocess in which skin pigmentation darkens as a result of exposure to ultraviolet light transpirationthe process of giving off or exhaling water vapor through the skin or mucous membranes noctambulation, noctambulism, sleepwalking, somnambulation, somnambulismwalking by a person who is asleep sleep talking, somniloquism, somniloquyuttering speech while asleep motor controlcontrol of muscles artificial respirationan emergency procedure whereby breathing is maintained artificially abdominal breathingbreathing in which most of the respiratory effort is done by the abdominal muscles eupnea, eupnoeanormal relaxed breathing hyperpneaenergetic (deep and rapid) respiration that occurs normally after exercise or abnormally with fever or various disorders hypopneaslow or shallow breathing hyperventilationan increased depth and rate of breathing greater than demanded by the body needs; can cause dizziness and tingling of the fingers and toes and chest pain if continued heaving, pantingbreathing heavily (as after exertion) Cheyne-Stokes respiration, periodic breathingabnormal respiration in which periods of shallow and deep breathing alternate smoke, smokingthe act of smoking tobacco or other substances breathing out, exhalation, expirationthe act of expelling air from the lungs snore, snoring, stertorthe act of snoring or producing a snoring sound sniffle, snivel, snufflethe act of breathing heavily through the nose (as when the nose is congested) wheezebreathing with a husky or whistling sound second windthe return of relatively easy breathing after initial exhaustion during continuous exertion aspiration, breathing in, inhalation, inspiration, intakethe act of inhaling; the drawing in of air (or other gases) as in breathing eating, feedingthe act of consuming food deglutition, drink, swallowthe act of swallowing suck, sucking, suctionthe act of sucking drinking, imbibing, imbibitionthe act of consuming liquids safe sexsexual activity (especially sexual intercourse) with the use of measures (such as latex condoms) to avoid the transmission of disease (especially AIDS) conceptionthe act of becoming pregnant; fertilization of an ovum by a spermatozoon AI, artificial inseminationthe introduction of semen into the oviduct or uterus by some means other than sexual intercourse love, love life, lovemaking, making love, sexual lovesexual activities (often including sexual intercourse) between two people carnal abuseany lascivious contact by an adult with the sexual organs of a child (especially not involving sexual intercourse) conjugation, coupling, mating, pairing, sexual union, unionthe act of pairing a male and female for reproductive purposes breeding, facts of life, procreation, reproductionthe sexual activity of conceiving and bearing offspring arousal, stimulationmutual sexual fondling prior to sexual intercourse perversion, sexual perversionan aberrant sexual practice; autoeroticism, autoerotismusing you own body as a sexual object promiscuity, promiscuousness, sleeping aroundindulging in promiscuous (casual and indiscriminate) sexual relations lecheryunrestrained indulgence in sexual activity gayness, homoeroticism, homosexualism, homosexuality, queernessa sexual attraction to (or sexual relations with) persons of the same sex bisexualitysexual activity with both men and women heterosexualism, heterosexuality, straightnessa sexual attraction to (or sexual relations with) persons of the opposite sex bestiality, zooerastia, zooerastysexual activity between a person and an animal cat sleep, catnap, forty winks, nap, short sleep, snoozesleeping for a short period of time (usually not in bed) doze, drowsea light fitful sleep automatismany reaction that occurs automatically without conscious thought or reflection (especially the undirected behavior seen in psychomotor epilepsy) rebounda reaction to a crisis or setback or frustration overreactionan excessive reaction; a reaction with inappropriate emotional behavior Fere phenomenon, GSR, Tarchanoff phenomenon, electrical skin response, electrodermal response, galvanic skin response, psychogalvanic responsea change in the electrical properties of the skin in response to stress or anxiety; can be measured either by recording the electrical resistance of the skin or by recording weak currents generated by the body immune reaction, immune response, immunologic responsea bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen tropisman involuntary orienting response; positive or negative reaction to a stimulus source taxisa locomotor response toward or away from an external stimulus by a motile (and usually simple) organism kinesisa movement that is a response to a stimulus but is not oriented with respect to the source of stimulation double takea delayed reaction indicating surprise inborn reflex, innate reflex, instinctive reflex, physiological reaction, reflex, reflex action, reflex response, unconditioned reflexan automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus learned reaction, learned responsea reaction that has been acquired by learning passage, passinga bodily reaction of changing from one place or stage to another snivel, snivelingwhining in a tearful manner sob, sobbingconvulsive gasp made while weeping bawling, wailingloud cries made while weeping answera nonverbal reaction transfusion reactionreaction of the body to a transfusion of blood that is not compatible with its own blood; an adverse reaction can range from fever and hives to renal failure and shock and death convalescence, recovery, recuperationgradual healing (through rest) after sickness or injury elimination, evacuation, excreting, excretion, voidingthe bodily process of discharging waste matter hyperhidrosis, hyperidrosis, polyhidrosisexcessive and profuse perspiration catamenia, flow, menses, menstruation, menstruum, periodthe monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause conglutination, unionhealing process involving the growing together of the edges of a wound or the growing together of broken bones biological process, organic process a process occurring in living organisms 3n the trait of being active; moving or acting rapidly and energetically the level of activity declines with age Syn|Ant|Hypo|Hyper activeness inactiveness, inactivity, inertia a disposition to remain inactive or inert animation, brio, invigoration, spiritedness, vivification quality of being active or spirited or alive and vigorous dynamism, oomph, pizzaz, pizzazz, zingthe activeness of an energetic personality chirpinesscheerful and lively life, liveliness, spirit, sprightlinessanimation and energy in action or expression trait a distinguishing feature of your personal nature 4n the state of being active his sphere of activity Syn|Ant|Hypo|Hyper action, activeness inaction, inactiveness, inactivity the state of being inactive agency the state of being in action or exerting power busyness, humthe state of being or appearing to be actively engaged in an activity behavior, behaviourthe action or reaction of something (as a machine or substance) under specified circumstances eructation, eruption, extravasation(of volcanos) pouring out fumes or lava (or a deposit so formed) operationthe state of being in effect or being operative overdrivethe state of high or excessive activity or productivity or concentration playa state in which action is feasible swinga state of steady vigorous action that is characteristic of an activity Frankensteinan agency that escapes control and destroys its creator commissionthe state of being in good working order and ready for operation runningthe state of being in operation idlethe state of an engine or other mechanism that is idling state the way something is with respect to its main attributes 5n a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) volcanic activity Syn|Hypo|Hyper action, natural action, natural process radiation the spread of a group of organisms into new habitats absorption(physics) the process in which incident radiated energy is retained without reflection or transmission on passing through a medium acidificationthe process of becoming acid or being converted into an acid adiabatic process(thermodynamics) any process that occurs without gain or loss of heat aerationthe process of exposing to air (so as to purify) antiredepositionthe process of preventing redeposition captureany process in which an atomic or nuclear system acquires an additional particle capturea process whereby a star or planet holds an object in its gravitational field centrifugationthe process of separating substances of different densities by the use of a centrifuge chemical action, chemical change, chemical process(chemistry) any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved chromatographya process used for separating mixtures by virtue of differences in absorbency concretionthe formation of stonelike objects within a body organ (e.g., the kidneys) condensationthe process of changing from a gaseous to a liquid or solid state convection(meteorology) the vertical movement of heat or other properties by massive motion within the atmosphere clotting, coagulation, curdlingthe process of forming semisolid lumps in a liquid decaythe process of gradually becoming inferior demagnetisation, demagnetizationthe process of removing magnetization desorptionchanging from an adsorbed state on a surface to a gaseous or liquid state diffusion(physics) the process in which there is movement of a substance from an area of high concentration of that substance to an area of lower concentration disintegration, dissolutionseparation into component parts distillation, distillmentthe process of purifying a liquid by boiling it and condensing its vapors driftthe gradual departure from an intended course due to external influences (as a ship or plane) effervescencethe process of bubbling as gas escapes cataphoresis, dielectrolysis, electrophoresis, ionophoresisthe motion of charged particles in a colloid under the influence of an electric field; particles with a positive charge go to the cathode and negative to the anode ecesis, establishment(ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat extinctionthe reduction of the intensity of radiation as a consequence of absorption and radiation extractionthe process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means feedbackthe process in which part of the output of a system is returned to its input in order to regulate its further output filtrationthe process whereby fluids pass through a filter or a filtering medium flocculationthe process of flocculating; forming woolly cloudlike aggregations flowany uninterrupted stream or discharge formationnatural process that causes something to form fossilisation, fossilizationthe process of fossilizing a plant or animal that existed in some earlier age; the process of being turned to stone geologic process, geological process(geology) a natural process whereby geological features are modified curing, hardening, set, solidification, solidifyingthe process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization inactivationthe process of rendering inactive ion exchangea process in which ions are exchanged between a solution and an insoluble (usually resinous) solid; widely used in industrial processing ionisation, ionizationthe process of ionizing; the formation of ions by separating atoms or molecules or radicals or by adding or subtracting electrons from atoms by strong electric fields in a gas leach, leachingthe process of leaching magnetic induction, magnetisation, magnetizationthe process that makes a substance magnetic (temporarily or permanently) materialisation, materializationthe process of coming into being; becoming reality nuclear reaction(physics) a process that alters the energy or structure or composition of atomic nuclei opacificationthe process of becoming cloudy or opaque oscillationthe process of oscillating between states oxygenationthe process of providing or combining or treating with oxygen pair creation, pair formation, pair productionthe transformation of a gamma-ray photon into an electron and a positron when the photon passes close to an atomic nucleus phase change, phase transition, physical change, state changea change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition precession of the equinoxesa slow westward shift of the equinoxes along the plane of the ecliptic caused by precession of the Earth's axis of rotation releasea process that liberates or discharges something saltation(geology) the leaping movement of sand or soil particles as they are transported in a fluid medium over an uneven surface scatteringthe physical process in which particles are deflected haphazardly as a result of collisions sericultureraising silkworms in order to obtain raw silk sink(technology) a process that acts to absorb or remove energy or a substance from a system soak, soakage, soakingthe process of becoming softened and saturated as a consequence of being immersed in water (or other liquid) softeningthe process of becoming softer sorptionthe process in which one substance takes up or holds another (by either absorption or adsorption) source(technology) a process by which energy or a substance enters a system rigidification, rigidifying, stiffeningthe process of becoming stiff or rigid stimulation(physiology) the effect of a stimulus (on nerves or organs etc.) ecological succession, succession(ecology) the gradual and orderly process of change in an ecosystem brought about by the progressive replacement of one community by another until a stable climax is established natural selection, selection, survival, survival of the fittesta natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment synergism, synergythe working together of two things (muscles or drugs for example) to produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects temperature changea process whereby the degree of hotness of a body (or medium) changes transductionthe process whereby a transducer accepts energy in one form and gives back related energy in a different form transpirationthe passage of gases through fine tubes because of differences in pressure or temperature vitrificationthe process of becoming vitreous heat sinka metal conductor specially designed to conduct (and radiate) heat adaptive radiationthe development of many different forms from an originally homogeneous group of organisms as they fill different ecological niches airstream, backwash, race, slipstream, washthe flow of air that is driven backwards by an aircraft propeller turbulent flowflow in which the velocity at any point varies erratically streamline flowflow of a gas or liquid in which the velocity at any point is relatively steady absorption, soaking up(chemistry) a process in which one substance permeates another; a fluid permeates or is dissolved by a liquid or solid activationstimulation of activity in an organism or chemical acylationthe process of introducing an acyl group into a compound adsorption, surface assimilationthe accumulation of molecules of a gas to form a thin film on the surface of a solid advection(meteorology) the horizontal transfer of heat or other atmospheric properties agglutinating activity, agglutinationthe coalescing of small particles that are suspended in solution; these larger masses are then (usually) precipitated alluviongradual formation of new land, by recession of the sea or deposit of sediment amylolysisconversion of starch to sugar association(chemistry) any process of combination (especially in solution) that depends on relatively weak chemical bonding blood clotting, blood coagulationa process in which liquid blood is changed into a semisolid mass (a blood clot) blueing, bluinga process that makes something blue (or bluish) calcificationa process that impregnates something with calcium (or calcium salts) catalysis, contact actionacceleration of a chemical reaction induced the presence of material that is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction caries, cavity, dental caries, tooth decaysoft decayed area in a tooth; progressive decay can lead to the death of a tooth chain reactiona self-sustaining nuclear reaction; a series of nuclear fissions in which neutrons released by splitting one atom leads to the splitting of others chelationthe process of forming a ring by forming one or more hydrogen bonds chemical reaction, reaction(chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others chlorinationthe addition or substitution of chlorine in organic compounds cleavagethe breaking of a chemical bond in a molecule resulting in smaller molecules climate change, global climate changea change in the world's climate column chromatographychromatography that uses selective adsorption by a column of powders congealment, congelationthe process of congealing; solidification by (or as if by) freezing convectionthe transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas) caused by molecular motion chilling, cooling, temperature reductionthe process of becoming cooler; a falling temperature corroding, corrosion, erosionerosion by chemical action corruptiondecay of matter (as by rot or oxidation) crackingthe process whereby heavy molecules of naphtha or petroleum are broken down into hydrocarbons of lower molecular weight (especially in the oil-refining process) deamination, deaminizationremoval of the amino radical from an amino acid or other amino compound decalcificationloss of calcium from bones or teeth decarboxylationthe process of removing a carboxyl group from a chemical compound (usually replacing it with hydrogen) decay, disintegration, radioactive decaythe spontaneous disintegration of a radioactive substance along with the emission of ionizing radiation decoction(pharmacology) the extraction of water-soluble drug substances by boiling decomposition, putrefaction, rot, rotting(biology) the process of decay caused by bacterial or fungal action degaussingthe process of making a (steel) ship's hull nonmagnetic by producing an opposing magnetic field dehydration, desiccation, drying up, evaporationthe process of extracting moisture de-iodinationthe removal of iodine atoms from organic compounds demineralisation, demineralizationthe removal of minerals and mineral salts from a liquid (especially from water) desalination, desalinisation, desalinizationthe removal of salt (especially from sea water) desertificationthe gradual transformation of habitable land into desert; is usually caused by climate change or by destructive use of the land diastrophismthe process of deformation that produces continents and ocean basins in the earth's crust digestionthe process of decomposing organic matter (as in sewage) by bacteria or by chemical action or heat dilapidation, ruinthe process of becoming dilapidated dissociation(chemistry) the temporary or reversible process in which a molecule or ion is broken down into smaller molecules or ions elutionthe process of extracting one material from another by washing with a solvent to remove adsorbed material from an adsorbent (as in washing of loaded ion-exchange resins to remove captured ions); used to obtain uranium ions emissionthe release of electrons from parent atoms endoergic reactiona nuclear reaction occurring with absorption of energy eating away, eroding, erosion, wearing, wearing away(geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it) exoergic reactiona nuclear reaction accompanied by the evolution of energy fibrinolysisa normal ongoing process that dissolves fibrin and results in the removal of small blood clots fillingflow into something (as a container) fission, nuclear fissiona nuclear reaction in which a massive nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy flowagegradual internal motion or deformation of a solid body (as by heat) fold, foldinga geological process that causes a bend in a stratum of rock freeze, freezingthe withdrawal of heat to change something from a liquid to a solid fusion, nuclear fusion, nuclear fusion reactiona nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy galvanisation, galvanizationstimulation with a galvanic current gasificationthe process of changing into gas gassingthe process of interacting with gas glaciationthe process of covering the earth with glaciers or masses of ice heating, warmingthe process of becoming warmer; a rising temperature hydrogenationa chemical process that adds hydrogen atoms to an unsaturated oil immunoelectrophoresiselectrophoresis to separate antigens and antibodies encrustation, incrustationthe formation of a crust inflow, influxthe process of flowing in infusionthe process of extracting certain active properties (as a drug from a plant) by steeping or soaking (usually in water) intrusionthe forcing of molten rock into fissures or between strata of an earlier rock formation intumescence, intumescency, swellingthe increase in volume of certain substances when they are heated (often accompanied by release of water) inversiona chemical process in which the direction of optical rotation of a substance is reversed from dextrorotatory to levorotary or vice versa iodinationthe substitution or addition of iodine atoms in organic compounds leeway(of a ship or plane) sideways drift libration(astronomy) a real or apparent slow oscillation of a moon or satellite liquefactionthe conversion of a solid or a gas into a liquid lysis(biochemistry) dissolution or destruction of cells such as blood cells or bacteria macerationsoftening due to soaking or steeping chemical mechanism, mechanismthe atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction metamorphismchange in the structure of rock by natural agencies such as pressure or heat or introduction of new chemical substances microphoningthe transduction of sound waves into electrical waves (by a microphone) beneficiation, mineral dressing, mineral extraction, mineral processing, ore dressing, ore processingcrushing and separating ore into valuable substances or waste by any of a variety of techniques negative feedbackfeedback in opposite phase with (decreasing) the input nitrificationthe chemical process in which a nitro group is added to an organic compound (or substituted for another group in an organic compound) orogenythe process of mountain formation (especially by the upward displacement of the earth's crust) osmosis(biology, chemistry) diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal effluence, efflux, outflowthe process of flowing out paper chromatographychromatography that uses selective adsorption on a strip of paper carrier electrophoresis, paper electrophoresiselectrophoresis carried out on filter paper peptisation, peptizationthe process of converting to a sol; bringing to a colloidal solution infiltration, percolationthe slow passage of a liquid through a filtering medium permeation, pervasion, suffusionthe process of permeating or infusing something with a substance petrifaction, petrificationthe process of turning some plant material into stone by infiltration with water carrying mineral particles without changing the original shape photosynthesissynthesis of compounds with the aid of radiant energy (especially in plants) polymerisation, polymerizationa chemical process that combines several monomers to form a polymer or polymeric compound positive feedback, regenerationfeedback in phase with (augmenting) the input potentiation(medicine) the synergistic effect of two drugs given simultaneously precipitationthe process of forming a chemical precipitate proteolysisthe hydrolysis of proteins into peptides and amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds pyrochemical process, pyrochemistryprocesses for chemical reactions at high temperatures reticulation(photography) the formation of a network of cracks or wrinkles in a photographic emulsion rigor mortismuscular stiffening that begins 2 to 4 hours after death and lasts for about 4 days sequestrationthe action of forming a chelate or other stable compound with an ion or atom or molecule so that it is no longer available for reactions originthe source of something's existence or from which it derives or is derived spallation(physics) a nuclear reaction in which a bombarded nucleus breaks up into many particles spoilage, spoilingthe process of becoming spoiled stratificationforming or depositing in layers subductiona geological process in which one edge of a crustal plate is forced sideways and downward into the mantle below another plate synaeresis, syneresisthe separation of liquid from a gel that is caused by contraction (as in cheese making) synthesisthe process of producing a chemical compound (usually by the union of simpler chemical compounds) melt, melting, thaw, thawingthe process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid thermocoagulationcongealing tissue by heat (as by electric current) transaminationthe process of transfering an amino group from one compound to another transaminationthe process of transposing an amino group within a chemical compound transportan exchange of molecules (and their kinetic energy and momentum) across the boundary between adjacent layers of a fluid or across cell membranes ultracentrifugationcentrifugation at very high speeds evaporation, vapor, vaporisation, vaporization, vapourthe process of becoming a vapor ferment, fermentation, fermenting, zymolysis, zymosisa process in which an agent causes an organic substance to break down into simpler substances; especially, the anaerobic breakdown of sugar into alcohol physical process, process a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states 6n (chemistry) the capacity of a substance to take part in a chemical reaction catalytic activity Hyper capability, capacity the susceptibility of something to a particular treatment |
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英语词典包含147318条英英释义在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。