| 单词 | bourgeois |
| 释义 | bourgeois (once / 1351 pages) adjn The adjective bourgeois means relating to or typical of the middle class. If someone says, "Oh, how bourgeois!" it's probably an insult, meaning you're preoccupied with middle-class small-mindedness. As a noun, a bourgeois is a member of the middle class, originally a member of the middle class in France. The word was borrowed from French, from Old French burgeis "citizen of a town," from borc "town, village," from Latin burgus "fortress, castle." The derived word bourgeoisie "the middle class" is a later borrowing from French. WORD FAMILYbourgeois: bourgeoises USAGE EXAMPLESBut the doting motherhood Clark displayed was considered a bourgeois indulgence. New York Times(Jan 12, 2012) And the White House is a tad bourgeois in an Epcot-y sort of way. Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016) Valls was born in Barcelona, the son of a bourgeois Catalan painter and a Swiss Italian mother. The Guardian(Dec 02, 2016) 1adj (according to Marxist thought) being of the property-owning class and exploitive of the working class Syn capitalist, capitalistic favoring or practicing capitalism 2adj belonging to the middle class Syn middle-class occupying a socioeconomic position intermediate between those of the lower classes and the wealthy 3adj conforming to the standards and conventions of the middle class a bourgeois mentality Syn conservative, materialistic middle-class occupying a socioeconomic position intermediate between those of the lower classes and the wealthy 4n a member of the middle class Syn|Hypo|Hyper burgher petit bourgeois a member of the lower middle class common man, common person, commoner a person who holds no title 5n a capitalist who engages in industrial commercial enterprise Syn|Exp|Hypo|Hyper businessperson William Maxwell Aitken British newspaper publisher and politician (born in Canada); confidant of Winston Churchill (1879-1964) Andrew CarnegieUnited States industrialist and philanthropist who endowed education and public libraries and research trusts (1835-1919) Peter CooperUnited States industrialist who built the first American locomotive; founded Cooper Union in New York City to offer free courses in the arts and sciences (1791-1883) Ezra CornellUnited States businessman who unified the telegraph system in the United States and who in 1865 (with Andrew D. White) founded Cornell University (1807-1874) Glenn Hammond CurtissUnited States industrialist and aviation pioneer (1878-1930) Gottlieb DaimlerGerman engineer and automobile manufacturer who produced the first high-speed internal combustion engine (1834-1900) John DeereUnited States industrialist who manufactured plows suitable for working the prairie soil (1804-1886) George EastmanUnited States inventor of a dry-plate process of developing photographic film and of flexible film (his firm introduced roll film) and of the box camera and of a process for color photography (1854-1932) Henry FordUnited States manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production (1863-1947) Edsel Bryant Fordson of Henry Ford (1893-1943) Henry Ford IIgrandson of Henry Ford (1917-1987) Henry Clay FrickUnited States industrialist who amassed a fortune in the steel industry (1849-1919) William Henry GatesUnited States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955) King Camp GiletteUnited States inventor and manufacturer who developed the safety razor (1855-1932) Meyer GuggenheimUnited States industrialist (born in Switzerland) who with his sons established vast mining and metal processing companies (1828-1905) Alfred Charles William HarmsworthBritish newspaper publisher (1865-1922) Edward Henry HarrimanUnited States railway tycoon (1848-1909) Benjamin Harrispublisher of the first newspaper printed in America (1673-1713) Charles Henry HarrodEnglish merchant who took over a shop in London that was expanded by his son into a prestigious department store (1800-1885) Charles Digby HarrodEnglish merchant who expanded his father's shop in London into a prestigious department store (1841-1905) William Randolph HearstUnited States newspaper publisher whose introduction of large headlines and sensational reporting changed American journalism (1863-1951) Henry John HeinzUnited States industrialist who manufactured and sold processed foods (1844-1919) James Jerome HillUnited States railroad tycoon (1838-1916) William Henry HooverUnited States industrialist who manufactured vacuum cleaners (1849-1932) Howard Robard HughesUnited States industrialist who was an aviator and a film producer; during the last years of his life he was a total recluse (1905-1976) Collis Potter HuntingtonUnited States railroad executive who built the western section of the first United States transcontinental railroad (1821-1900) Friedrich KruppGerman industrialist who manufactured steel in Essen (1787-1826) Edwin Herbert LandUnited States inventor who incorporated Polaroid film into lenses and invented the one step photographic process (1909-1991) First Baron Marks of BroughtonEnglish businessman who created a retail chain (1888-1964) First Viscount NuffieldBritish industrialist who manufactured automobiles and created a philanthropic foundation (1877-1963) Wilhelm von OpelGerman industrialist who was the first in Germany to use an assembly line in manufacturing automobiles (1871-1948) Elisha Graves OtisUnited States inventor who manufactured the first elevator with a safety device (1811-1861) Robert OwenWelsh industrialist and social reformer who founded cooperative communities (1771-1858) Sir Frederick Handley PageEnglish industrialist who pioneered in the design and manufacture of aircraft (1885-1962) Joseph PulitzerUnited States newspaper publisher (born in Hungary) who established the Pulitzer prizes (1847-1911) John Davison RockefellerUnited States industrialist who made a fortune in the oil business and gave half of it away (1839-1937) David SarnoffUnited States businessman who pioneered in radio and television broadcasting (1891-1971) James Edmund ScrippsUnited States newspaper publisher and half-brother of Edward Wyllis Scripps (1835-1908) Edward Wyllis ScrippsUnited States newspaper publisher who founded an important press association; half-brother of James Edmund Scripps (1854-1926) Igor Ivanovich SikorskyUnited States industrialist (born in Russia) who designed the first four-engine airplane and the first mass-produced helicopter (1889-1972) Sir Clive Marles SinclairEnglish electrical engineer who founded a company that introduced many innovative products (born in 1940) Ernest SolvayBelgian chemist who developed the Solvay process and built factories exploiting it (1838-1922) Leland StanfordUnited States railroad executive and founder of Stanford University (1824-1893) George StephensonEnglish railway pioneer who built the first passenger railway in 1825 (1781-1848) Henry VillardUnited States railroad magnate and businessman (1835-1900) John WanamakerUnited States businessman whose business grew into one of the first department stores (1838-1922) Aaron Montgomery WardUnited States businessman who in 1872 established a successful mail-order business (1843-1913) Frank Winfield WoolworthUnited States businessman who opened a shop in 1879 selling low-priced goods and built it into a national chain of stores (1852-1919) Rudolf WurlitzerUnited States businessman (born in German) who founded a company to make pipe organs (1831-1914) Gustavus Franklin SwiftUnited States meat-packer who began the use of refrigerated railroad cars (1839-1903) accountant, comptroller, controller someone who maintains and audits business accounts account executive, account representative, customer's broker, customer's man, registered representativesomeone in charge of a client's account for an advertising agency or brokerage or other service business agent, broker, factora businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission businessman, man of affairsa person engaged in commercial or industrial business (especially an owner or executive) businesswomana female businessperson enterpriser, entrepreneursomeone who organizes a business venture and assumes the risk for it exportera businessperson who transports goods abroad (for sale) importersomeone whose business involves importing goods from outside (especially from a foreign country) merchandiser, merchanta businessperson engaged in retail trade shippersomeone who ships goods provider, suppliersomeone whose business is to supply a particular service or commodity auctioneeran agent who conducts an auction amalgamatora businessman who arranges an amalgamation of two or more commercial companies arb, arbitrager, arbitrageursomeone who engages in arbitrage (who purchases securities in one market for immediate resale in another in the hope of profiting from the price differential) auditora qualified accountant who inspects the accounting records and practices of a business or other organization bakersomeone who bakes commercially baron, big businessman, business leader, king, magnate, mogul, power, top executive, tycoona very wealthy or powerful businessman bean counteran accountant or bureaucrat who is believed to place undue emphasis on the control of expenditures black marketeersomeone who engages illegally in trade in scarce or controlled commodities book seller, bookdealera dealer in books; a merchant who sells books bookkeepersomeone who records the transactions of a business butcher, meatmana retailer of meat caterersomeone who provides food and service (as for a party) CPA, certified public accountantan accountant who has passed certain examinations and met all other statutory and licensing requirements of a United States state to be certified by that state chartered accountanta British or Canadian accountant who is a member of a professional body that has a royal charter clothier, haberdashera merchant who sells men's clothing connectiona supplier (especially of narcotics) consigner, consignorthe person who delivers over or commits merchandise cost accountanta specialist in the systematic recording and analysis of the costs incident to production dispensera person who dispenses distributer, distributorsomeone who markets merchandise grain merchanta merchant who deals in food grains grocera retail merchant who sells foodstuffs (and some household supplies) hatmaker, hatter, milliner, modistesomeone who makes and sells hats industrialistsomeone who manages or has significant financial interest in an industrial enterprise general agent, insurance agent, insurance broker, underwriteran agent who sells insurance investment banker, underwritera banker who deals chiefly in underwriting new securities jeweler, jewellersomeone in the business of selling jewelry brothel keeper, madama woman who runs a house of prostitution oilmana person who owns or operates oil wells operatorsomeone who owns or operates a business owner, proprietor(law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business poulterer, poultrymana dealer in poultry and poultry products purveyorsomeone who supplies provisions (especially food) estate agent, house agent, land agent, real estate agent, real estate brokera person who is authorized to act as an agent for the sale of land recruitersomeone who supplies members or employees retail merchant, retailera merchant who sells goods at retail rug merchanta merchant who sells rugs salt merchant, saltersomeone who makes or deals in salt schlockmeister, shlockmeister(slang) a merchant who deals in shoddy or inferior merchandise marketer, seller, trafficker, vender, vendorsomeone who promotes or exchanges goods or services for money ship brokeran agent for the ship owner; obtains cargo and may arrange for its loading or discharge market keeper, shopkeeper, storekeeper, tradesmana merchant who owns or manages a shop small businessmana businessman who runs a business employing less than 100 people stationer, stationery sellera merchant who sells writing materials and office supplies stockbrokeran agent in the buying and selling of stocks and bonds stockistone (as a retailer or distributor) that stocks goods suit(slang) a businessman dressed in a business suit provisioner, sutler, victualer, victuallera supplier of victuals or supplies to an army syndicone appointed to represent a city or university or corporation in business transactions syndicatora businessman who forms a syndicate bargainer, dealer, monger, tradersomeone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold transactorsomeone who conducts or carries on business or negotiations travel agentsomeone who sells or arranges trips or tours for customers merchant-venturer, venturera merchant who undertakes a trading venture (especially a venture that sends goods overseas) vintner, wine merchantsomeone who sells wine capitalist a person who invests capital in a business (especially a large business) |
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