| 单词 | mineral |
| 释义 | mineral (once / 446 pages) nadj A mineral is a nonliving natural substance of a definite chemical composition. A mineral like manganese may help keep you healthy; a mineral like a diamond may help keep you sparkly. At one time mineral referred to valuable substances obtained in mines. Although that still can be the case, today the word has several senses (both noun and adjective) and may be found almost anywhere — in the ground, in the air, or on the periodic table. And if you remember mineral when you remember animal and vegetable, you’ve got a better chance of winning Twenty Questions. WORD FAMILYmineral: demineralise, mineralize, minerally, minerals+/demineralise: demineralisation/demineralize: demineralization, demineralized, demineralizing/mineralize: demineralize, mineralized, mineralizing USAGE EXAMPLESLater that year, then-President George Bush signed legislation aimed at settling the dispute over the mineral rights. Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017) The federal government moved a decade ago to condemn the last privately owned mineral rights to protect against geothermal development within the preserve. Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017) Yet the president’s order allows locals who currently use the area to graze their livestock or extract minerals to keep their resource privileges. Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016) 1n solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition Hypo|Hyper ader wax, earth wax, mineral wax, ozocerite, ozokerite a waxy mineral that is a mixture of hydrocarbons and occurs in association with petroleum; some varieties are used in making ceresin and candles amblygonitea white or grey mineral consisting of lithium aluminum phosphate; a source of lithium amphibolea mineral or mineral variety belonging to the amphibole group amphibole groupa group of minerals with similar crystal structures containing a silicate chain and combinations of chiefly sodium and calcium and magnesium and iron and aluminum apatitea common complex mineral consisting of calcium fluoride phosphate or calcium chloride phosphate; a source of phosphorus aragonitea mineral form of crystalline calcium carbonate; dimorphic with calcite argentitea valuable silver ore consisting of silver sulfide (Ag2S) argyroditea rare steel-grey mineral consisting of silver and germanium and sulfur arsenopyrite, mispickela silver-white or grey ore of arsenic asphalt, mineral pitcha dark bituminous substance found in natural beds and as residue from petroleum distillation; consists mainly of hydrocarbons augitedark-green to black glassy mineral of the pyroxene group containing large amounts of aluminum and iron and magnesium baddeleyitea mineral consisting of zirconium oxide bastnaesite, bastnasitea yellow-to-brown mineral that is a source of rare earth elements bauxitea clay-like mineral; the chief ore of aluminum; composed of aluminum oxides and aluminum hydroxides; used as an abrasive and catalyst berylthe chief source of beryllium; colored transparent varieties are valued as gems boraxan ore of boron consisting of hydrated sodium borate; used as a flux or cleansing agent bornite, peacock orea mineral consisting of sulfides of copper and iron that is found in copper deposits carnallitea white or reddish mineral consisting of hydrous chlorides of potassium and magnesium; used as a fertilizer and as a source of potassium and magnesium cassiteritea hard heavy dark mineral that is the chief source of tin celestitea mineral consisting of strontium sulphate cerussite, white lead orea mineral consisting of lead carbonate that is an important source of lead chalcocite, copper glancea heavy grey mineral that is an ore of copper chalcopyrite, copper pyritesa yellow copper ore (CuFeS2) made up of copper and iron sulfide chloritea generally green or black mineral; it occurs as a constituent of many rocks typically in the form of a flat crystal chromitea brownish-black mineral; the major source of chromium chrysoberyla rare hard yellow green mineral consisting of beryllium aluminate in crystal form; used as a gemstone cinnabara heavy reddish mineral consisting of mercuric sulfide; the chief source of mercury cobaltitea rare silvery-white mineral; important ore of cobalt halite, rock saltnaturally occurring crystalline sodium chloride coltan, columbite-tantalitea valuable black mineral combining niobite and tantalite; used in cell phones and computer chips cordieritea blue mineral of magnesium and iron and aluminum and silicon and oxygen; often used as a gemstone corundom, corundumvery hard mineral used as an abrasive cristobalitea white mineral consisting of silica; found in volcanic rocks crocolitea rare lead chromite mineral that forms bright orange crystals Greenland spar, cryolitea white mineral consisting of fluorides of aluminum and sodium; a source of fluorine cupritea mineral consisting of cuprous oxide that is a source of copper bitter spar, dolomitea light colored mineral consisting of calcium magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium; used as a ceramic and as fertilizer earth colora colored mineral used as a pigment emerya hard grey-black mineral consisting of corundum and either hematite or magnetite; used as an abrasive (especially as a coating on paper) cobalt bloom, erythritea reddish mineral consisting of hydrated cobalt arsenate in monoclinic crystalline form and used in coloring glass; usually found in veins bearing cobalt and arsenic fergusonitea dark mineral consisting of oxides of yttrium and erbium and tantalum and other minerals fluor, fluorite, fluorspara soft mineral (calcium fluoride) that is fluorescent in ultraviolet light; chief source of fluorine gadolinite, ytterbitea mineral that is a source of rare earths; consists of silicates of iron and beryllium and cerium and yttrium and erbium galenasoft blue-grey mineral; lead sulfide; a major source of lead garnetany of a group of hard glassy minerals (silicates of various metals) used as gemstones and as an abrasive garnieritea green mineral consisting of hydrated nickel magnesium silicate; a source of nickel germanitea rare reddish-grey mineral consisting of a copper iron germanium sulfide gibbsitewhite crystalline mineral consisting of aluminum hydroxide; a constituent of bauxite and a source of alumina glauconitea green mineral consisting of hydrated silicate of potassium or iron or magnesium or aluminum; found in greensand cadmium sulphide, greenockiteore of cadmium; a rare yellowish mineral consisting of cadmium sulphide in crystalline form gypsuma common white or colorless mineral (hydrated calcium sulphate) used to make cements and plasters (especially plaster of Paris) hausmannitea mineral consisting of manganese tetroxide; a source of manganese barite, barium sulphate, barytes, heavy spara white or colorless mineral (BaSO4); the main source of barium calamine, hemimorphitea white mineral; a common ore of zinc ilmenitea weakly magnetic black mineral found in metamorphic and plutonic rocks; an iron titanium oxide in crystalline form; a source of titanium jadeitea hard green mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate in monoclinic crystalline form; a source of jade; found principally in Burma kainitea white mineral consisting of magnesium sulphate and potassium chloride; a source of potassium salts; used as a fertilizer kaolinitea mineral consisting of aluminum silicate; main source of kaolin kernitea light soft mineral consisting of hydrated sodium borate in crystalline form; an important source of boron kieseritea white mineral consisting of hydrous magnesium sulfate often found in salt mines cyanite, kyanitea grey or greenish-blue mineral consisting of aluminum silicate in crystalline form; occurs in metaphoric rock, used as a refractory langbeinitea mineral consisting of potassium magnesium double sulphate; used as a fertilizer magnesitea white mineral consisting of magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium malachitea green or blue mineral used as an ore of copper and for making ornamental objects maltha, mineral tara thick black tar intermediate between petroleum and asphalt manganitea black mineral consisting of basic manganese oxide; a source of manganese meerschaum, sepiolitea white clayey mineral isinglass, micaany of various minerals consisting of hydrous silicates of aluminum or potassium etc. that crystallize in forms that allow perfect cleavage into very thin leaves; used as dielectrics because of their resistance to electricity milleritea yellow mineral consisting of nickel sulfide; a minor source of nickel molybdenitea mineral resembling graphite that is valued as the chief source of molybdenum and its compounds monazitea reddish-brown mineral containing rare earth metals; an important source of thorium and cerium nepheline, nephelitea whitish mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate or potassium aluminum silicate in crystalline form; used in the manufacture of ceramics and enamels nephelinitean igneous rock consisting of nepheline and pyroxene columbite, niobitea black mineral that is an ore of niobium and tantalum nitrocalcitethe mineral form of calcium nitrate olivinea mineral consisting of magnesium iron silicate; a source of magnesium oliveniterare green to black mineral consisting of hydrated copper arsenate that is found in copper deposits opala translucent mineral consisting of hydrated silica of variable color; some varieties are used as gemstones orea mineral that contains metal that is valuable enough to be mined orpimenta yellow mineral occurring in conjunction with realgar; an ore of arsenic iridosmine, osmiridiuma hard and corrosion resistant mineral that is a natural alloy of osmium and iridium (usually containing small amounts of rhodium and platinum); used in needles and pen nibs etc. pentlanditea mineral (iron and nickel sulphide) that is the chief ore of nickel magnesia, magnesium oxide, periclasea white solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase; a source of magnesium pinitegrey or green or brown mineral similar to mica and containing aluminum and potassium sulphates pollucitea rare mineral that is an important source of cesium psilomelanea mineral consisting of hydrated basic oxide of manganese and barium; a source of manganese fool's gold, iron pyrite, pyritea common mineral (iron disulfide) that has a pale yellow color pyrolusitea mineral consisting of manganese dioxide; an important source of manganese green lead ore, pyromorphitea mineral consisting of lead chloride and phosphate; a minor source of lead pyrophyllitea white or greenish aluminum silicate mineral (resembles talc) pyroxeneany of a group of crystalline silicate mineral common in igneous and metamorphic rocks magnetic pyrites, pyrrhotine, pyrrhotitea brownish iron sulfide mineral (FeS) having weak magnetic properties quartza hard glossy mineral consisting of silicon dioxide in crystal form; present in most rocks (especially sandstone and granite); yellow sand is quartz with iron oxide impurities realgara rare soft orange mineral consisting of arsenic sulphide; an important ore of arsenic red clayclay whose redness results from iron oxide rhodochrositea mineral consisting of manganese carbonate; a source of manganese rhodonitea pink or red mineral consisting of crystalline manganese silicate; used as an ornamental stone rutilea mineral consisting of titanium dioxide in crystalline form; occurs in metamorphic and plutonic rocks and is a major source of titanium samarskitea complex black mineral occurring in pegmatites sapphirinea rare light blue or green mineral; consists of aluminum and magnesium silicate and occurs as small grains in some metamorphic rocks scheelitea mineral used as an ore of tungsten smaltitea grey mineral consisting of cobalt arsenide and nickel; an important source of cobalt and nickel sodalitea vitreous mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate and sodium chloride in crystalline form; occurs in igneous rocks sparany of various nonmetallic minerals (calcite or feldspar) that are light in color and transparent or translucent and cleavable spinela hard glassy mineral consisting of an oxide of magnesium and aluminum; occurs in various colors that are used as gemstones spodumenea pyroxene mineral consisting of lithium aluminum silicate; a source of lithium stannite, tin pyritesa dark grey mineral with a metallic luster that is a source of tin stibnitea soft grey mineral; the chief ore of antimony strontianitea mineral consisting of strontium carbonate graphic tellurium, sylvanitea silver-white mineral consisting of silver gold telluride; a source of gold in Australia and America sylvine, sylvitea mineral consisting of native potassium chloride; an important ore of potassium that is found in sedimentary beds talc, talcuma fine grained mineral having a soft soapy feel and consisting of hydrated magnesium silicate; used in a variety of products including talcum powder tantalitea mineral consisting of tantalum oxide of iron and manganese that occurs with niobite or in coarse granite; an ore of tantalum thoritea radioactive mineral consisting of thorium silicate; it is a source of thorium that is found in coarse granite thortveititea mineral consisting of scandium yttrium silicate; a source of scandium topaza mineral (fluosilicate of aluminum) that occurs in crystals of various colors and is used as a gemstone tourmalinea mineral that is a complex borosilicate and hydroxide of aluminum containing iron and magnesium and calcium and lithium and sodium; it is usually black but occurs in transparent colored forms that are used as gemstones tridymitea mineral form of silica turquoisea blue to grey green mineral consisting of copper aluminum phosphate vanadinitea mineral consisting of chloride and vanadate of lead; a source of vanadium vermiculiteany of a group of yellow or brown hydrous silicate minerals having a micaceous structure idocrase, vesuvian, vesuvianitea green or yellow or brown mineral consisting of a hydrated silicate; it occurs as crystals in limestone and is used a gemstone iron manganese tungsten, wolframitea mineral consisting of iron and manganese tungstate in crystalline form; the principal ore of tungsten; found in quartz veins associated with granitic rocks wollastonitea white or greyish mineral typically found in metamorphic limestone; a silicate of calcium wulfenitea yellow to orange or brown mineral used as a molybdenum ore wurtzitea brownish-black mineral consisting of zinc sulfide xenotimea brown-to-yellow mineral that is a phosphate of yttrium in crystalline form zeoliteany of a family of glassy minerals analogous to feldspar containing hydrated aluminum silicates of calcium or sodium or potassium; formed in cavities in lava flows and in plutonic rocks blende, sphalerite, zinc blendean ore that is the chief source of zinc; consists largely of zinc sulfide in crystalline form zinkenitea steel grey metallic mineral (a sulphide of lead and antimony) zircon, zirconium silicatea common mineral occurring in small crystals; chief source of zirconium; used as a refractory when opaque and as a gem when transparent quartz crystala thin plate or small rod of quartz cut along certain lines and ground so that it can produce an electric signal at a constant frequency; used in crystal oscillators alabastera compact fine-textured, usually white gypsum used for carving azuriteblue carbonate of copper; blue malachite biotitedark brown to black mica found in igneous and metamorphic rock fluorapatitea form of apatite in which fluorine predominates over chlorine almandine, almanditea deep red garnet consisting of iron aluminum silicate gessogypsum or plaster of Paris spread on a surface to make it suitable for painting or gilding (or a surface so prepared) lepidolitea mineral of the mica group; an important source of lithium muscovitea colorless or pale brown mica with potassium nephritean amphibole mineral consisting of calcium magnesium silicate in monoclinic crystalline form; a source of jade that is less valuable than from jadeite; once believed to cure kidney disorders paragonitea colorless or pale brown mica with sodium phlogopitea brown form of mica consisting of hydrous silicate of potassium and magnesium and aluminum rock crystal, transparent quartza clear quartz used in making electronic and optical equipment cairngorm, smoky quartza smoky yellow or brown quartz alexandritea green variety of chrysoberyl used as a gemstone amethysta transparent purple variety of quartz; used as a gemstone actinolitea green mineral of the amphibole group; calcium magnesium iron silicate anthophyllitea dark brown mineral of the amphibole group; magnesium iron silicate asbestosa fibrous amphibole; used for making fireproof articles; inhaling fibers can cause asbestosis or lung cancer hornblendea green to black mineral of the amphibole group; consists of silicates of calcium and sodium and magnesium and iron aquamarinea transparent variety of beryl that is blue green in color black opala dark colored opal with internal reflections of green or red calcedony, chalcedonya milky or greyish translucent to transparent quartz chrysolitea brown or yellow-green olivine found in igneous and metamorphic rocks and used as a gemstone citrinesemiprecious yellow quartz resembling topaz alumina, aluminium oxide, aluminum oxideany of various forms of aluminum oxide occurring naturally as corundum andraditea garnet consisting of calcium iron silicate and having any color ranging from yellow and green to brown and black; used as gemstone concentrate, dressed orethe desired mineral that is left after impurities have been removed from mined ore siennaan earth color containing ferric oxides; used as a pigment ocher, ochreany of various earths containing silica and alumina and ferric oxide; used as a pigment emeralda green transparent form of beryl; highly valued as a gemstone feldspar, felsparany of a group of hard crystalline minerals that consist of aluminum silicates of potassium or sodium or calcium or barium fire opal, girasolan opal with flaming orange and yellow and red colors carbuncledeep-red cabochon garnet cut without facets cinnamon stone, essonite, hessonitea garnet ranging in color from yellow to brown terra albafinely pulverized gypsum used especially as a pigment harlequin opala reddish opal with small patches of brilliant color hyacinth, jacintha red transparent variety of zircon used as a gemstone iron orean ore from which iron can be extracted jargon, jargoona colorless (or pale yellow or smoky) variety of zircon kunzitea pinkish lilac crystal form of the mineral spodumene that is used as a gemstone lead oreore containing lead calcitea common mineral consisting of crystallized calcium carbonate; a major constituent of limestone morganitea kind of pink beryl used as a gemstone pay dirtore that yields a substantial profit to the miner pyropea deep red garnet used as a gemstone rhodolitea red or pink variety of garnet used as a gemstone rose quartza translucent rose-red variety of quartz used for ornaments rubya transparent deep red variety of corundum; used as a gemstone and in lasers water sapphirea deep blue cordierite often used as a gemstone sapphirea precious transparent stone of rich blue corundum valued as a gemstone schorlblack tourmaline soap-rock, soaprock, soapstone, steatitea soft heavy compact variety of talc having a soapy feel; used to make hearths and tabletops and ornaments ruby spinel, spinel rubya spinel used as a gemstone (usually dark red) Ceylonite, pleonastea dark-colored spinel containing iron hiddenitea green transparent form of the mineral spodumene used as a gemstone aventurine, sunstonea translucent quartz spangled with bits of mica or other minerals French chalka soft white compact talc used to mark cloth or to remove grease stains rensselaeritea kind of soft talc; sometimes used as wood filler common topaz, false topaz, topaza yellow quartz umberan earth pigment uranium oreany ore from which uranium can be extracted chabasite, chabazitea group of minerals of the zeolite family consisting of a hydrous silicate of calcium and aluminum heulanditea group of minerals of the zeolite family consisting of a hydrous aluminum silicate of sodium and calcium natrolitea group of minerals of the zeolite family consisting of a hydrous silicate of sodium and aluminum phillipsitea group of white or reddish crystalline minerals of the zeolite family consisting of a hydrous silicate of calcium and potassium and aluminum zinnwalditea mica containing iron and lithium material, stuff the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object 2adj relating to minerals mineral elements mineral deposits 3adj composed of matter other than plant or animal the inorganic mineral world Syn inorganic lacking the properties characteristic of living organisms |
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