| 单词 | language |
| 释义 | language (once / 47 pages) 1n 2n A language is a system of words and grammar used by a group of people. When we write and speak, we're using language. Animals have amazing forms of communication, but the unique thing about people is our ability to use language. There are hundreds of languages in the world, and you might be learning a second language in school. A dictionary is an important tool in learning a language, but the grammar — how a language is put together — is a lot more complicated. Sign languages are languages too. You can also say that music and math have their own language. WORD FAMILYlanguage: interlanguage, languages USAGE EXAMPLESBut because the budget rules do not allow for unrelated language, the mandate itself was not repealed. Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017) Theories for the seeming slip ranged from carelessness to unfamiliarity with the English language to employee revenge. BBC(Jan 03, 2017) Later still, a new cohort of scholars, influenced by postmodernism and cultural studies, looked at how human consciousness is shaped by language. New York Times(Jan 02, 2017) 1 1n a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols he taught foreign languages the language introduced is standard throughout the text the speed with which a program can be executed depends on the language in which it is written Syn|Hypo|Hyper linguistic communication usage the customary manner in which a language (or a form of a language) is spoken or written dead languagea language that is no longer learned as a native language wordslanguage that is spoken or written source languagea language that is to be translated into another language object language, target languagethe language into which a text written in another language is to be translated sign language, signinglanguage expressed by visible hand gestures artificial languagea language that is deliberately created for a specific purpose metalanguagea language that can be used to describe languages native languagethe language that a person has spoken from earliest childhood indigenous languagea language that originated in a specified place and was not brought to that place from elsewhere superstrate, superstratumthe language of a later invading people that is imposed on an indigenous population and contributes features to their language natural language, tonguea human written or spoken language used by a community; opposed to e.g. a computer language interlanguage, koine, lingua francaa common language used by speakers of different languages linguistic string, string of words, word stringa linear sequence of words as spoken or written barrage, bombardment, onslaught, outpouringthe rapid and continuous delivery of linguistic communication (spoken or written) slanguagelanguage characterized by excessive use of slang or cant sentencea string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language syntagm, syntagmaa syntactic string of words that forms a part of some larger syntactic unit finger spelling, fingerspellingan alphabet of manual signs ASL, American sign languagethe sign language used in the United States Antidoan artificial language related to Ido Aruloan artificial language intended for international use as an auxiliary language Basic Englisha simplified form of English proposed for use as an auxiliary language for international communication; devised by C. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards Blaia Zimondalan artificial language Esperantidoan artificial language based on Esperanto and Ido Esperantoan artificial language based as far as possible on words common to all the European languages Europanan artificial language proposed as an auxiliary European language Idiom Neutralan artificial language proposed for use as an auxiliary international language; based on Volapuk but with a vocabulary selected on the basis of the maximum internationality of the roots Interlinguaan artificial language proposed for use as an auxiliary international language; based on words common to English and the Romance languages Idoan artificial language that is a revision and simplification of Esperanto Latinescean artificial language based on Latin Latinoan artificial language based on words common to the Romance languages Lingualuminaan artificial language Lingvo Kosmopolitaan artificial language Monarioan artificial language Nov-Esperantoan artificial language based on Esperanto Novialan artificial language Nov-Latinan artificial language based on Latin Occidentalan artificial language Optezan artificial language Pasigraphyan artificial international language using characters (as mathematical symbols) instead of words to express ideas Roan artificial language for international use that rejects all existing words and is based instead on an abstract analysis of ideas Romanalan artificial language Solresolan artificial language Volapukone of the first artificial language constructed for use as an auxiliary international language; based largely on English but with some German and French and Latin roots programing language, programming language(computer science) a language designed for programming computers application-oriented language, problem-oriented languagea language whose statements resemble terminology of the user command language, query language, search languagea source language consisting of procedural operators that invoke functions to be executed syntax languagea language used to describe the syntax of another language substrate, substratuman indigenous language that contributes features to the language of an invading people who impose their language on the indigenous population first language, maternal language, mother tongueone's native language; the language learned by children and passed from one generation to the next tonal language, tone languagea language in which different tones distinguish different meanings creolea mother tongue that originates from contact between two languages pidginan artificial language used for trade between speakers of different languages American Indian, American-Indian language, Amerind, Amerindian language, Indianany of the languages spoken by Amerindians Eskimo-Aleut, Eskimo-Aleut languagethe family of languages that includes Eskimo and Aleut Chukchi, Chukchi languagean indigenous and isolated language of unknown origin spoken by the Chukchi that is pronounced differently by men and women Sino-Tibetan, Sino-Tibetan languagethe family of tonal languages spoken in eastern Asia Austro-Asiatic, Austro-Asiatic language, Munda-Mon-Khmera family of languages spoken in southern and southeastern Asia Hmong, Hmong language, Miaoa language of uncertain affiliation spoken by the Hmong Austronesian, Austronesian languagethe family of languages spoken in Australia and Formosa and Malaysia and Polynesia Papuan, Papuan languageany of the indigenous languages spoken in Papua New Guinea or New Britain or the Solomon Islands that are not Malayo-Polynesian languages Khoisan, Khoisan languagea family of languages spoken in southern Africa Indo-European, Indo-European language, Indo-Hittitethe family of languages that by 1000 BC were spoken throughout Europe and in parts of southwestern and southern Asia Ural-Altaica (postulated) group of languages including many of the indigenous languages of Russia (but not Russian) Basquethe language of the Basque people; of no known relation to any other language Elamite, Elamitic, Susianan extinct ancient language of unknown affinities; spoken by the Elamites Cassite, Kassitean ancient language spoken by the Kassites Caucasian, Caucasian languagea number of languages spoken in the Caucasus that are unrelated to languages spoken elsewhere Dravidian, Dravidian language, Dravidica large family of languages spoken in south and central India and Sri Lanka Afrasian, Afrasian language, Afro-Asiatic, Afroasiatic, Afroasiatic language, Hamito-Semitica large family of related languages spoken both in Asia and Africa Niger-Kordofanian, Niger-Kordofanian languagethe family of languages that includes most of the languages spoken in Africa south of the Sahara; the majority of them are tonal languages but there are important exceptions (e.g., Swahili or Fula) Nilo-Saharan, Nilo-Saharan languagea family of East African languages spoken by Nilotic peoples from the Sahara south to Kenya and Tanzania communication something that is communicated by or to or between people or groups 2n a system of words used to name things in a particular discipline the language of sociology Syn|Hypo|Hyper nomenclature, terminology markup language a set of symbols and rules for their use when doing a markup of a document toponomy, toponymythe nomenclature of regional anatomy SGML, standard generalized markup language(computer science) a standardized language for the descriptive markup of documents; a set of rules for using whatever markup vocabulary is adopted HTML, hypertext mark-up language, hypertext markup languagea set of tags and rules (conforming to SGML) for using them in developing hypertext documents word a unit of language that native speakers can identify 3n (language) communication by word of mouth he uttered harsh language he recorded the spoken language of the streets Syn|Exp|Hypo|Hyper oral communication, speech, speech communication, spoken communication, spoken language, voice communication Strategic Arms Limitation Talks negotiations between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics opened in 1969 in Helsinki designed to limit both countries' stock of nuclear weapons words the words that are spoken orthoepy, pronunciationthe way a word or a language is customarily spoken conversationthe use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc. discussion, give-and-take, wordan exchange of views on some topic expression, locution, sayinga word or phrase that particular people use in particular situations non-standard speechspeech that differs from the usual accepted, easily recognizable speech of native adult members of a speech community idiolectthe language or speech of one individual at a particular period in life monologuea long utterance by one person (especially one that prevents others from participating in the conversation) charm, magic spell, magical spell, spella verbal formula believed to have magical force dictationspeech intended for reproduction in writing monologue, soliloquyspeech you make to yourself Beatitudeone of the eight sayings of Jesus at the beginning of the Sermon on the Mount; in Latin each saying begins with `beatus' (blessed) logiona saying of Jesus that is regarded as authentic although it is not recorded in the Gospels calque, calque formation, loan translationan expression introduced into one language by translating it from another language advice and consenta legal expression in the United States Constitution that allows the Senate to constrain the President's powers of appointment and treaty-making ambiguityan expression whose meaning cannot be determined from its context euphemisman inoffensive or indirect expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive or too harsh dysphemisman offensive or disparaging expression that is substituted for an inoffensive one shucksan expression of disappointment or irritation Received Pronunciationthe approved pronunciation of British English; originally based on the King's English as spoken at public schools and at Oxford and Cambridge Universities (and widely accepted elsewhere in Britain); until recently it was the pronunciation of English used in British broadcasting tongue twisteran expression that is difficult to articulate clearly crossfirea lively or heated interchange of ideas and opinions phatic communication, phatic speechconversational speech used to communicate sociability more than information exchangea mutual expression of views (especially an unpleasant one) chat, confab, confabulation, schmoose, schmoozean informal conversation gossiping, gossipmongeringa conversation that spreads personal information about other people talk, talkingan exchange of ideas via conversation nothingsinconsequential conversation commercesocial exchange, especially of opinions, attitudes, etc. colloquyformal conversation argument, argumentation, debatea discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal rapvoluble conversation rap sessionconversation in a situation where feelings can be expressed and criticized or supported second-hand speechoverheard conversation (especially overheard cellphone conversation) table talkconversation during a meal telephone conversationa conversation over the telephone tete-a-tetea private conversation between two people deliberation(usually plural) discussion of all sides of a question conference, group discussiona discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic panel discussiondiscussion of a subject of public interest by a group of persons forming a panel usually before an audience post-mortem, postmortemdiscussion of an event after it has occurred public discussion, ventilationfree and open discussion of (or debate on) some question of public interest dialogue, negotiation, talksa discussion intended to produce an agreement anatomical, anatomical referencean expression that relates to anatomy southernisma locution or pronunciation peculiar to the southern United States catchword, motto, shibboleth, slogana favorite saying of a sect or political group axiom, maxima saying that is widely accepted on its own merits epigram, quipa witty saying adage, byword, proverb, sawa condensed but memorable saying embodying some important fact of experience that is taken as true by many people idiom, idiomatic expression, phrasal idiom, phrase, set phrasean expression whose meanings cannot be inferred from the meanings of the words that make it up agraphasayings of Jesus not recorded in the canonical Gospels sumpsimusa correct expression that takes the place of a popular but incorrect expression baby talk, babytalkthe developing speech of a young child baby talk, babytalk, motheresean adult's imitation of the speech of a young child accent, dialect, idiomthe usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people localisma phrase or pronunciation that is peculiar to a particular locality regionalisma feature (as a pronunciation or expression or custom) that is characteristic of a particular region telegrapheselanguage characterized by terseness and ellipsis as in telegrams vernacularthe everyday speech of the people (as distinguished from literary language) argot, cant, jargon, lingo, patois, slang, vernaculara characteristic language of a particular group (as among thieves) slang, slang expression, slang terminformal language consisting of words and expressions that are not considered appropriate for formal occasions; often vituperative or vulgar conjuration, incantationa ritual recitation of words or sounds believed to have a magical effect curse, hex, jinx, whammyan evil spell auditory communication communication that relies on hearing 4n the mental faculty or power of vocal communication language sets homo sapiens apart from all other animals Syn|Hyper speech faculty, mental faculty, module one of the inherent cognitive or perceptual powers of the mind 5n the cognitive processes involved in producing and understanding linguistic communication 2he didn't have the language to express his feelings Syn|Hypo|Hyper linguistic process reading the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message speed-readingreading at speeds significantly faster than normal perusal, perusing, poring over, studyingreading carefully with intent to remember browse, browsingreading superficially or at random skim, skimmingreading or glancing through quickly higher cognitive process cognitive processes that presuppose the availability of knowledge and put it to use n the text of a popular song or musical-comedy number the song uses colloquial language Syn|Hypo|Hyper lyric, words love lyric the lyric of a love song text, textual matter the words of something written |
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